top sailboat speed

• Paddle Board

What Is the Average Speed of a Sailboat (Plus Its Top Speed)?

Sailing is a popular hobby and sport enjoyed by many enthusiasts around the world. The beauty of sailing lies in the challenge of mastering the wind and currents to move a boat forward. One of the fascinating aspects of sailing is its speed. Sailboats can move at varying speeds, depending on several factors. In this article, we will dive into the average and top speeds of sailboats and explore the techniques and strategies to increase sailboat speed.

Quick Facts

Understanding sailboat speeds.

Before delving into the average and top speeds of sailboats, you need to understand the dynamics of sailboat speeds. Sailboat speeds can be determined by the points of sail, wind direction, and boat design. Points of sail refer to the various angles at which a boat can sail in relation to the wind. These angles include upwind, close-hauled, beam reach, broad reach, and downwind (also called a run). Wind direction plays a crucial role in determining sailboat speed. A tailwind is usually faster than a headwind. The boat design also determines the speed potential of a sailboat.

When sailing upwind, sailboats move slower because they are fighting against the wind. Close-hauled sailing is the point of sail where the boat is sailing as close to the wind as possible. It is the slowest point of sail, as the boat is sailing against the wind. Beam reach sailing is when the boat is sailing perpendicular to the wind. It is faster than close-hauled sailing but slower than broad reach sailing. Broad reach sailing is when the boat is sailing with the wind behind it. It is faster than beam reach sailing but slower than downwind sailing. Downwind sailing is when the boat is sailing with the wind directly behind it. It is the fastest point of sail, as the boat is moving with the wind.

Factors Affecting Sailboat Speed

Several factors influence the speed of sailboats. Wind speed is the most significant factor affecting sailboat speed. The bigger the sails, the more power a sailboat has to move faster. Sail area also plays a crucial role in determining sailboat speed. A larger sail area means more power to move the boat. Boat size and weight also come into play, as larger boats require more power to move at faster speeds. Water friction is another critical factor that affects speed. Friction between the hull and the water can slow down a sailboat, but optimized boat design can minimize this effect.

Boat design is essential in determining sailboat speed. The boat’s hull shape, keel design, and rigging all play a role in how fast the boat can sail. The hull shape affects how the boat moves through the water, and a streamlined shape can reduce water resistance and increase speed. The keel design affects the boat’s stability and maneuverability, which can affect speed. Rigging, including the mast and sails, also plays a crucial role in sailboat speed. A well-designed rig can help the boat capture more wind and move faster.

Measuring Sailboat Speed

There are various ways to measure sailboat speed. The most common method is the use of a GPS or handheld speedometer. GPS offers accurate speed readings, while handheld speedometers are affordable and provide basic speed readings. In sailboat racing, measurements are done using speed logs attached to the boat’s hull or through timed performance over a specific distance. Sailboat speed can also be measured using wind instruments, which measure the wind speed and direction and calculate the boat’s speed based on that information.

Sailboat speed is affected by various factors, including wind speed, sail area, boat size and weight, water friction, and boat design. Understanding the points of sail and how wind direction affects sailboat speed is essential in determining how fast a sailboat can go. Measuring sailboat speed can be done using various methods, including GPS, handheld speedometers, speed logs, timed performance, and wind instruments.

Types of Sailboats and Their Average Speeds

Sailboats come in different designs, shapes, and sizes, each with its unique features and capabilities. Whether you are a seasoned sailor or a beginner, choosing the right sailboat type can make all the difference in your sailing experience. Here are some popular sailboat types and their average speeds.

Dinghies are small sailboats primarily used for recreational sailing. These boats are easy to handle and maneuver, making them a popular choice for beginners. Dinghies usually have a single sail, which limits their speed potential. However, their lightweight design allows them to move swiftly through the water. On average, dinghies can move at speeds of 8-15 knots (9-17 mph).

One of the most popular dinghy sailboats is the Laser, which has been an Olympic class boat since 1996. The Laser is a one-design boat, meaning that all boats are built to the same specifications, ensuring fair competition. The Laser is known for its speed and agility, making it a favorite among sailors around the world.

Catamarans are two-hulled sailboats that have a wide beam, making them stable and fast. These sailboats can achieve high speeds and are popular for racing and cruising. Catamarans have a unique design that allows them to sail close to the wind, making them efficient and fast. On average, catamarans can move at speeds of 15-25 knots (17-29 mph).

The Hobie Cat is one of the most popular catamarans in the world. The Hobie Cat is a small, beach-launched catamaran that is perfect for recreational sailing. The boat’s lightweight design allows it to move quickly through the water, and its unique trampoline design makes it comfortable to sail.

Monohulls are the most common sailboat type. These boats have a single hull and can range from small recreational boats to large racing sailboats. Monohulls are versatile boats that can be used for cruising, racing, and day sailing. The average speed range of monohulls is 5-20 knots (6-23 mph).

The J/Boat is a popular monohull sailboat that is known for its speed and performance. The J/Boat is a racing sailboat that has won numerous regattas and championships around the world. The boat’s lightweight design and high-tech features make it a favorite among competitive sailors.

Cruising Sailboats

Cruising boats are designed for comfort and leisurely sailing. They are usually larger and heavier than other sailboat types and can accommodate large crews. Cruising sailboats are perfect for long-distance sailing and exploring new destinations. The average speed range of cruising sailboats is 5-15 knots (6-17 mph).

The Beneteau Oceanis is a popular cruising sailboat that is known for its comfort and luxury. The Oceanis has a spacious interior and can accommodate large crews, making it perfect for extended sailing trips. The boat’s sturdy design and reliable performance make it a favorite among cruising sailors.

Racing Sailboats

Racing sailboats are designed with performance in mind. These boats are usually lightweight and have a larger sail area than recreational sailboats, allowing them to reach high speeds. Racing sailboats are perfect for competitive sailors who want to push their limits and test their skills. The average speed range of racing sailboats is 20-30 knots (23-35 mph).

The Melges 24 is a popular racing sailboat that is known for its speed and agility. The Melges 24 is a one-design boat that is used in numerous regattas and championships around the world. The boat’s lightweight design and high-tech features make it a favorite among competitive sailors.

How to Increase Your Sailboat’s Speed

There is nothing quite like the feeling of sailing at high speeds, with the wind in your hair and the sun on your face. However, achieving maximum speed on a sailboat requires more than just a favorable wind. In this article, we will explore some tips and techniques to help you increase your sailboat’s speed and performance.

Optimizing Sail Trim

Sail trim refers to the setting of the sails in the most efficient way possible to harness the wind’s power and produce maximum speed. Proper sail trim can also improve the boat’s stability and balance. Optimizing sail trim involves adjusting the sails to the correct shape, angle, and tension.

One way to achieve the correct sail trim is to use telltales, which are small pieces of yarn or ribbon attached to the sail. By observing the telltales, you can adjust the sail’s position to achieve the optimal angle and tension. It is also essential to adjust the sails according to the wind conditions. For example, in light winds, the sails should be fuller, while in strong winds, the sails should be flatter.

Balancing the Boat

A balanced boat helps the sailboat move smoothly and efficiently through the water. Balancing the boat involves shifting the crew to counterbalance the forces applied on the sailboat, such as wind gusts and waves. Proper weight positioning can reduce drag and maximize boat performance.

When sailing upwind, it is essential to keep the weight forward to prevent the boat from heeling too much. Conversely, when sailing downwind, it is best to keep the weight aft to prevent the bow from digging into the water. Additionally, it is crucial to keep the weight evenly distributed from side to side to maintain the boat’s balance.

Reducing Drag

Drag is the resistance a sailboat encounters as it moves through the water. Reducing drag can increase speed potential. Techniques to reduce drag include using smooth hull coatings, eliminating unnecessary weight, and keeping the boat clean and free of barnacles and other marine growth.

Another way to reduce drag is to minimize the amount of exposed surface area on the boat. This can be achieved by using a smaller headsail or reefing the mainsail in heavy winds. It is also important to keep the sails properly trimmed, as a poorly trimmed sail can create unnecessary drag.

Proper Maintenance

A well-maintained sailboat operates at its full potential and can achieve higher speeds. Proper maintenance involves regular cleaning, lubrication, and replacement of worn-out parts. It is also essential to keep the sails and rigging in good condition.

Inspect the sails regularly for any signs of wear and tear, such as frayed edges or holes. Replace any damaged sails promptly. Similarly, inspect the rigging for any signs of corrosion or damage. Lubricate the moving parts regularly to ensure smooth operation. Finally, keep the boat clean and free of debris to reduce drag and improve performance.

By following these tips and techniques, you can increase your sailboat’s speed and performance, and enjoy the thrill of sailing to the fullest.

Sailboat Top Speeds

Speed records for different sailboat types.

Sailboats have achieved incredible speeds over the years, with some breaking speed records. The Sailrocket 2 holds the world speed record for sailing at 68 mph. The Vestas Sailrocket 2 is a hydrofoil sailboat that uses advanced technologies to slice through the water at high speeds.

Another sailboat that has broken speed records is the Macquarie Innovation. This sailboat was designed to reach high speeds and broke the world sailing speed record in 2009 by reaching a speed of 50.7 knots (about 58 mph). The boat was built with high-tech materials and was designed to reduce drag and increase speed.

Factors Affecting Top Speed

Top speed is the fastest that a sailboat can travel and is influenced by several factors. These factors include wind speed, boat size and weight, sail area, and water conditions. In most cases, the larger the sail area, the faster the boat can go, and wind direction plays an essential role in achieving top speeds.

The weight of the boat can also affect its top speed. A lighter boat can move faster through the water and is easier to maneuver. Sailboats with hydrofoils, like the Sailrocket 2, can lift out of the water, reducing drag and allowing for faster speeds.

Pushing Your Sailboat to Its Limits

Pushing your sailboat to its limits requires experience, knowledge, and skill. It involves maximizing boat speed in various wind and water conditions while staying safe and in control. Before attempting to push your boat to its highest speeds, ensure that your boat is in top shape, and you have all the necessary safety equipment.

It’s also important to understand the wind and water conditions you’ll be sailing in. Wind direction and strength can greatly affect your boat’s speed, and understanding how to use the wind to your advantage is essential for achieving top speeds. Additionally, water conditions can affect your boat’s speed, with choppy water slowing you down and calm water allowing for faster speeds.

Finally, it’s important to practice and build up your skills before attempting to push your sailboat to its limits. Start by sailing in calmer waters and gradually work your way up to more challenging conditions. With practice and experience, you’ll be able to maximize your boat’s speed and push it to its highest limits.

Sailboat speed is influenced by several factors, including wind speed, sail area, boat size and weight, and water friction. The average speed range for different sailboat types varies and depends on boat design. You can increase your sailboat speed by optimizing sail trim, balancing the boat, reducing drag, and proper maintenance. Top speeds are influenced by wind conditions, sail area, boat size and weight, and water conditions. Pushing your sailboat to its limit requires experience, knowledge, and skill, and always remember to prioritize safety.

Sailboat FAQS

How fast can a 40 ft sailboat go.

A 40-foot sailboat can typically go around 8-12 knots (9-14 mph), depending on wind conditions and the specific design and condition of the sailboat. Speed can be influenced by factors such as hull design, sail area, and weight.

How fast can a 100 foot sailboat go?

A 100-foot sailboat can reach speeds of around 12-16 knots (14-18 mph), depending on factors like the sail area, hull design, and the wind conditions. However, larger sailboats often prioritize comfort and stability over speed, so they might not be as fast as some smaller, performance-oriented sailboats.

How far can a sailboat travel in a day?

This largely depends on the speed of the sailboat and the conditions in which it is sailing. However, if a sailboat maintains an average speed of 6 knots (around 7 mph), it can travel approximately 144 nautical miles in a day of 24 hours. Please note this is a rough estimation and actual mileage can vary significantly based on numerous factors.

What is a comfortable sailing speed?

A comfortable sailing speed is subjective and can vary depending on the type of sailboat and the conditions. However, for many cruising sailboats, a speed of 5-8 knots (6-9 mph) can be comfortable. This speed allows for a good balance of progress and safety, while keeping the ride relatively smooth and the boat easy to control.

Can one person sail a 35-foot sailboat?

Yes, a 35-foot sailboat can be handled by a single person, given that they have sufficient sailing experience and the boat is rigged for single-handed sailing. However, it’s crucial to note that single-handed sailing involves a higher level of risk and requires extensive experience and skills. It’s also important to have an autopilot system or self-steering gear on board to aid in maneuvering and navigation.

Can one person sail a 50-foot sailboat?

Sailing a 50-foot sailboat single-handed is possible, but it is considerably more challenging and requires a high level of experience and expertise. The size and weight of the boat can make maneuvers like docking and anchoring quite difficult for a single person. Additionally, the boat should be well-equipped with an autopilot system and other equipment designed for single-handed sailing. It’s always recommended to have additional crew members on larger boats for safety and assistance.

John is an experienced journalist and veteran boater. He heads up the content team at BoatingBeast and aims to share his many years experience of the marine world with our readers.

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• Yachting World
• Digital Edition

Fastest sailboats: The teams aiming to break 80 knots

• April 6, 2022

It's been nearly a decade since Sailrocket set a new record to become the world's fastest sailboat. Now two teams are hoping to set a new record with their radical designs, Mark Chisnell reports

On 24 November 2012, Paul Larsen and his Sailrocket team rewrote our understanding of the physics of sailboats, stamping their names indelibly in the record books as they set a new record for the world’s fastest sailboat.

A little over a week earlier, at a spot called Walvis Bay on the coast of Namibia, Sailrocket 2 had pushed the outright sailing speed record up by the biggest-ever margin – from 55.65 to 59.23 knots. The performance on the 24th smashed it beyond all expectations though, a gloriously windy day that saw Sailrocket 2 deliver a 65.45 knot average officially becoming the world’s fastest sailboat.

It was a remarkable human achievement, piloting a boat down a 500m course at speeds that had previously been thought impossible. “Your job is to go 100% down that course, there’s no halfway about it,” Paul Larsen told me, almost a decade later. “By the time you’ve got a big team and all the momentum of that project going, your biggest fear is not going fast.”

The risks are inescapable though, as Larsen had revealed in a blog; “As I lay awake in bed that morning I considered writing a little note that I hoped would never be read and stashing it somewhere. Too morbid. Just get it right, Larsen.”

Growth of the world’s fastest sailboat

To put Sailrocket’s performance into context you need to consider the trajectory and history of the sailing speed record . It started back in 1972 with Tim Colman and Crossbow setting an opening mark of 26.30 knots.

Yellow Pages in 1993. Photo: Frederick Clement/DPPI Media/Alamy

By 1993, Yellow Pages had upped that all the way to 46.52 knots – an average improvement of almost a knot every year. But then something changes, progress halts for over a decade. The windsurfers and kiteboarders eventually start nudging it back up, but it’s 16 years before another yacht – Alain Thebault’s foil-borne L’Hydroptère – sets a new record, not even five knots quicker than Yellow Pages .

It was thought that the speed of sailing machines was reaching a ceiling, a physical limit defined by the cavitation point. If you have ever made a cup of tea at altitude then you will know that the boiling point (the transformation point where water changes from a liquid into a vapour), varies with pressure. The lower the pressure, the lower the temperature required for water to boil. So, at the top of Everest, water will boil at about 68°C.

There’s also low pressure on the leeward side of an aero- or hydrofoil . Foils provide a lifting force because of the pressure difference between one side and the other. This difference creates the force as the foil tries to equalise the pressure.

L’Hydroptère claimed the record in 2009. Photo: Christophe Launay

If a hydrofoil goes fast enough then the pressure to leeward will drop sufficiently that the water starts to ‘boil’ or vaporise. This creates a loss of lift, and instability as smooth flow turns chaotic, with vapour bubbles flowing down the foil to an area of higher pressure where they collapse.

It’s this speed limit that we see America’s Cup and SailGP foilers hit on a reach. Once the speed gets much above 50 knots the foils – which are designed to suppress cavitation for as long as possible – finally start to cavitate and the boats just can’t go any faster.

To get past this point a completely different type of foil is required, one that does not try to eliminate cavitation but instead tries to stabilise it, and this is the secret to the 65-knot speed of Sailrocket 2 . “That’s the brilliant [foil] design that we settled on, with a lot of help from guys like Aerotrope and Chris Hornzee-Jones. Chris did amazing work behind the scenes on that project, including designing the final foils,” said Larsen.

Article continues below…

Syroco: Radical design aiming to set a new speed record

If having a top-flight speed sailor as a part of your team taking on the challenge of creating the world’s…

SP80: Swiss team hoping to build the fastest sailboat

SP80 was conceived by three graduates of Swiss engineering school, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Benoît Gaudiot, Xavier Lepercq and…

Sailrocket obliterates world record….again

Matthew Sheahan talks to Paul Larsen shortly after he exceeds 65 knots, shattering his own world record

The team realised the foil didn’t need to be impossibly thin to suppress and avoid cavitation. Instead, they could encourage it and push past the cavitation point with a foil that would cavitate in a stable fashion.

“To make a dinghy or a powerboat analogy, it’s like when you get over that hump and the boat gets up on the plane. We all know when the water separates off the back of the boat, you don’t want your transom gurgling around at the back there with all that drag,” Larsen explains.

Current speed record holders Paul Larsen and Vestas Sailrocket 2. Photo: Vestas SailRocket

In a similar fashion, Sailrocket 2 ’s foil is able to shed the turbulent, draggy flow of early cavitation and replace it with a single smooth pocket of vapour around the foil as air sucks down from the surface. Larsen calls this a base ventilated foil, it’s also sometimes termed a super-ventilating foil.

“So you end up with these very shallow camber, base ventilated foils, and they’re not overly efficient but they don’t have a limit,” he explained. “They keep working. It’s like a jet fighter’s wings. They’re not efficient, but if you put a big jet engine behind them, they keep going where the others stop and hit the ceiling.”

Force alignment

The jet engine was the other part of the problem. How do you generate enough power from the aerofoil to push a horribly inefficient hydrofoil up to the speeds required to start cavitation, and then blow through that barrier?

The answer lay in a decades-old idea – force alignment. In conventional sailboats, be they dinghies, multihulls or yachts, the aerodynamic force created by the sails is both pushing the boat forward and pushing it over.

The force is resisted by a combination of a hydrodynamic force from a foil in the water, and weight – either the crew’s bodyweight or the weight of a keel. These two forces act at a distance from the centre of effort of the sail – creating opposing levers, with the forces of mass and hydrodynamic lift opposing the aerodynamic force generated by the sail (or wingsail).

The use of these forces to create a propulsive forward force demands a structure of a commensurate size and strength. So to go faster required more force and/or lighter overall weight, but also stronger structures. It was big improvements in the strength and weight characteristics of materials that allowed much of the jumps in speeds set through the 1970s, 80s and 90s.

Vestas Sailrocket 2 used force alignment to achieve her remarkable speeds

But there was another way: by offsetting the forces and aligning them. “So [you] have the centre of effort of the aerodynamic forces, the sail or the wing, directly aligned with the opposing force of the foil,” explains Larsen. In other words, remove the levers by having the force from the sail directly oppose the force from the hydrofoil.

“We didn’t come up with that concept, that was written about in the 1960s by Bernard Smith in the book The 40-Knot Sailboat ,” Larsen adds. Smith’s insights were so far ahead of his time that it took almost five decades for them to be fully realised in Sailrocket 2’s record.

Sailrocket 2 achieved the force alignment with a wing mounted on the leeward hull that was canted over the windward hull by 30°. The force it generated was driving the boat forward and trying to lift the windward hull out of the water.

This force was resisted by a foil under the windward hull. And so that foil was pulling down rather than pushing up. It’s a crucial distinction between Sailrocket 2 and the type of foiling craft used in the America’s Cup or SailGP. In those boats, it’s the leeward hydrofoil that pushes back against the sail force. It also lifts the whole boat up and out of the water.

These two breakthrough ideas – force alignment and super-ventilated foils – along with a ‘no guts, no glory’ attitude, took Larsen and his Sailrocket 2 team over 65 knots, a mark that has been held for almost a decade. But might the time have come for that record to be broken?

“I think we’ve sat on it for long enough and it’s definitely time for it to be challenged,” Larsen says. “There was a time I was quite protective and proud of it, and wanted to sit on that throne for a while. But right now I want to see what other people can do with it and see what their solutions might be. I’ll see if it motivates me enough to get back out there myself!”

New fastest sailboat challengers

There are two major challenges shaping up to take on the Sailrocket team’s record and both should take to the water later this year or early in 2023. One of them, Syroco , has been set up by Alex Caizergues, the first man to travel sail-powered at over 100km/h on water, and twice holder of the outright sailing speed record on his kiteboard. The other, SP80 , has come out of the Swiss engineering school École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL).

Kite-powered SP80 challenge uses a super-ventilating surface piercing foil. Photo: SP80

Both are using the principles that Larsen established, and both teams think they won’t just break the record but will smash it. Syroco ’s stated target is 150km/h, a breathtaking 80.99 knots. SP80 is also chasing the 80-knot barrier.

“I actually like where both projects are aiming,” said Larsen. “They’re definitely using the force alignment concept.” Both the SP80 and Syroco teams will use a kite, aligning its aerodynamic force with the hydrodynamic force from a foil. This should allow the generation of an immense drive force on a relatively light structure. They will need all the power they can get to push through the cavitation point.

The SP80 project is also using a super-ventilating, surface piercing foil like Sailrocket’s. “Vestas Sailrocket and the work done by Paul Larsen and his team was the main source of inspiration that we used to develop the boat,” said Benoît Gaudiot, one of the three founders of SP80 .

They started throwing around ideas in 2017, building super-ventilated fins for a kiteboard. Gaudiot, an experience kitespeed sailor quickly got it to 41 knots. They were going to need a different approach to beat the record though.

“The body cannot handle the power that is required to reach more than 60 knots,” said Gaudiot.

SP80 co-founders Xavier Lepercq, Mayeul van den Broek and Benoît Gaudiot. Photo: SP80

Another of the founders, Xavier Lepercq, built a simulation tool, and they started developing designs. What they came up with was a trimaran powered by a kite, whose aligned force was balanced by a surface-piercing foil.

Once this was formulated the team quickly grew, with EPFL pledging its support and sponsors coming on board. “In the team, we have six full-time employees and almost 40 students from EPFL,” explained Mayeul van den Broek, the team’s project manager. They tested a prototype on Lake Geneva in 2020 and in June 2021 began construction of the full-size craft at Persico Marine.

The transition to a kite means that the biggest challenge to both teams is control – accurately balancing the aero and hydrodynamic forces. SP80 has tackled it with what they call the ‘power module’. “The idea behind this is to balance the force. The way we designed the boat, the main thing to achieve was stability,” said Gaudiot.

The exact mechanism of the power module is confidential, but it’s visible at the back of the boat in their visualisations and animations. It provides a direct link between the kite and the hydrofoil and appears to ‘trim’ the hydrofoil depending on the force vector coming from the kite. The shape of the foil and the linkage to the power module are key to the flight stability of the craft.

Swiss SP80 team has been testing its prototype on Lake Geneva. Photo: SP80

“It’s fully mechanical and it’s fully adjusting the balance by itself,” said Gaudiot. “The controls will be quite simple for the pilot. There will be no need for me to control the height, the elevation of the boat, just the direction. And the power of the kite.” The kite lines will run to the cockpit and be controlled with the hands, while the direction of the boat will be controlled with the feet.

The SP80 team plan to challenge the record from a base in the south of France early in 2023, and Paul Larsen is looking forward to it. “I think the SP80 is a more practical solution that has made compromises for practicality. And I think I can get my head around that one a bit more. I think SP80 is probably closer to getting results. And I want to see how a kite’s going to go against the [Sailrocket] wing, because historically wings are faster.”

Flight on water

Looking to spoil the Swiss party is Syroco , a French company that comes to the world sailing speed record with gold-plated credentials. Co-founder and CEO Alex Caizergues has already held the record on his kiteboard.

“Since Paul broke the sailing speed record, I knew that we had to change the software and the way to go fast on water. I knew that I had to assemble around me a team of people able to build this kind of craft,” Caizergues recalls.

Caizergues isn’t just an athlete, he’s a business school graduate with an entrepreneurial track record. Syroco was set up in 2019 with four co-founders and support from technology entrepreneurs and venture capitalists.

Artist’s rendering of how the Syroco craft will look in action. Photo: Syroco

They want to do more than just break the record, building a technology business around the attempt. The team has about 15 people working in Marseille with specialists in fluid mechanics, structures, software and data analytics.

“Our l’aile d’eau concept… it’s a little bit like Sailrocket,” said Caizergues. The concept is very simple; a hydrofoil will ‘fly’ underwater, pulled along by a cable that’s connected to a kite flying in the air above it.

Suspended between the two is a capsule containing the pilot Alex Caizergues, and a co-pilot. The aero and hydrodynamic forces oppose each other in an almost perfect representation of the aligned forces concept that powered Sailrocket 2 .

It should have the greatest speed potential because there is nothing extraneous. The capsule is only there because both the aero and hydrodynamic wings must be controlled, and the forces balanced by the pilots (not automated).

The Syroco prototype under test being towed by a RIB. Photo: Syroco

And that’s the tough part, controlling it, particularly keeping the foil in the water. “Nope,” responds Alex, quickly, when I mention this possibility. “The foil never goes out of the water.” The Syroco foil isn’t surface piercing, it runs below the surface, only connected to the capsule and the kite by a cable.

It doesn’t rely on dragging air from the surface to stabilise the cavitation around the foil. Instead, it will rely on the cavitation creating its own stable pocket of water vapour around the foil – this is called super-cavitation. When it occurs the water flows around the bubble of vapour as though it were a solid, significantly enhancing the performance of the foil – as long as the bubble remains stable.

The problem is keeping the bubble intact. Paul Larsen pointed out that the cable gives the air a pathway down to the super-cavitating foil. “How they’re going to stop air sucking down from the surface and rupturing the bubble, that’s the real trick. It’s a very dynamic problem to solve. It’ll be interesting to see how well their simulations live up to the reality of what they’re about to strap themselves into…”

The control mechanisms for the final craft are still being worked on, but they have flown a prototype, towed by a RIB rigged with a 5m-high mast that simulated the force from the kite. The team hopes to commit to a final design with construction starting in the spring.

Human element

And then of course, there will be the matter of executing the plan on the day. “If you’ve done your maths, you’ve done your engineering, you’ve been thorough, that gives you confidence when you stand up on top of that course on one of those big days and you’re not exactly sure what’s about to happen,” recalls Larsen.

Kiteboarder and businessman Alex Caizergues leads the Syroco project. Photo: Syroco

“You know it’s probably just slightly above your top wind range but all the cameras are rolling and the drones are in the air and everyone’s waiting with their stopwatches. That gives you the confidence to say: ‘Yeah, I’m going to go and wring its neck.’”

“Any crashes I had [and there were several] usually all the systems I had in place [for safety] were still completely locked on among all the wreckage. You’d go and flick off that lever you were going to use to control something – because by the time you’ve realised what’s happening, it’s happened.”

“If we go again with Sailrocket, then safety will feature bigger. I wouldn’t get in that boat and go that speed again. We got away with it because we had to.”

“Safety is really important for us,” agrees Benoît Gaudiot. They have built a kevlar cockpit for protection, installed a six-point harness and an F1-inspired seat. Gaudiot will wear a helmet with oxygen that will switch on if the helmet detects water in contact with its mask. “I would be able to stay in the water for a few minutes to have a diver come and open it.”

“The critical point on the boat is the hydrofoil. If the hydrofoil breaks, the boat…” Van den Broek interjects. “…will take off,” Gaudiot finishes the sentence for him.

Their enthusiasm for the project is infectious, the words tumbling out. And no one wants the boat to take off. One big advantage that they have that Larsen did not, is that they can release the power source. “With a kite it’s a few lines and you can just cut it super-fast,” says Gaudiot. “You can do it by yourself. You can do it from a distance, from the chase boat. You can do it automatically.”

“I think both those guys [Caizergues and Gaudiot], they’ve got the mentality,” said Larsen. “They’re not going to get up there and be scared of what they’re doing or intimidated too much by the craft.”

And what if they do break the record that Paul Larsen and his team have owned for almost a decade?

“We opened the door on a whole new world full of potential. And so there is a part of me that’s curious as to what lies further down that path. We validated the concepts that could get above what people thought were the cavitation limits and the ceilings of speed sailing. We proved you could get beyond that. They can take you to new levels of physics.

“The boat [ Sailrocket 2 ] is sitting there in perfect shape. It was made to last forever… we could rig that thing up and do 65 knots in a week or two.” And if his record goes, I wouldn’t put it past him to dust her off and do just that.

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What is the Average Speed of a Sailboat?

When I try to figure out the duration of whatever sailing trip I have in the making, I always need to know this one thing first: the average speed of a sailboat - especially with long journeys. If you have the same problem, this article is for you.

So what's the average speed of a sailboat? Most sailboats cruise at a speed of 4-6 knots (4.5-7 mph), with a top speed of 7 knots (8 mph or 13 km/h). Larger racing yachts can easily reach speeds up to 15 knots (17 mph or 28 km/h), with an average cruising speed between 6-8 knots (7-9 mph). Cruising speeds of over 8 knots are uncommon.

Different types of sailboats reach very different speeds. Of course, it all depends on wind conditions, current, and many other factors. Did you know that the speed of a boat is directly related to its length? The larger the boat, the faster it goes. I'll explain it to you later on, but first, more on average speed.

On this page:

Factors that determine speed, converting and calculating sailing speed, calculating the hull speed of your own boat, exceeding hull speed, amount of nautical miles, related questions.

So let's get a little more into detail on sailboat speed. The most important factor in determining the speed is the hull type. I have two rules of thumb for you. The first is: the less of the boat is under water, the faster it goes.

Here are the average cruising speeds for different hull types:

• Monohull - 6-8 knots
• Catamaran and trimarans - 9-10 knots
• Fastest monohull (world record circumnavigation) - 15.43 knots
• Fastest trimaran (world record circumnavigation) - 27 knots

Monohull - Your average sailboat is a monohull. Nearly all monohulls are displacement hulls. A displacement hull is under water, pushing the water away. This allows the boat to cut through the water more smoothly; this stabilizes the boat. If you want to make it go faster, you would have to raise the entire hull above the water. Later on I'll show you how to calculate the maximum hull speed of your boat.

Catamarans and Trimarans - These are planing hulls, meaning they are on top of the water. They displace less water, which is why they are faster. But a planing hull is less stable than a displacement hull. To compensate, catamarans and trimarans have two or three hulls, which makes them extremely buoyant. Since this is not your average sailboat I'll leave them out of this article.

The second factor is the length of the boat. It's the second rule of thumb: the longer the boat, the faster it goes. Each sailboat has a maximum hull speed, which it can't exceed (in theory). The hull speed is determined by the length of the boat.

Here are the maximum hull speeds for different monohull lengths:

Please note: the maximum hull speed isn't the average sailing speed. It's the upper limit (in theory - read on to learn more).

The third and perhaps most obvious factor of course is wind direction and speed. If you plan a large voyage, for example, an ocean passage, make sure to check the dominant wind and direction for your time of year. You want to make sure to have as much downwind as you can get, and a favorable current as well. This is why most sailors choose to go eastward instead of westward when sailing the world.

If you want to know why going eastward is smart, I encourage you to read my previous article on sailing around the world here .

How to calculate necessary sailing speed

So imagine you need to get to dock in time. It's 50 miles away. You need to arrive at 2100 hours. It's currently 1500 hours. Would be handy to know at what speed you need to sail to make it in time.

The formula is simple:

nautical miles / time = average speed necessary

2100 - 1500 = 360 minutes 360 / 60 = 6 hours Your average speed should be: 50 NM / 6 = 8.3 knots

Converting knots to mph and km/h

To convert knots to mph or km/h, simply multiply the knots by the ratio below.

1 knot = 1.151 mph 1 knot = 1.852 km/h

Great, we have a good general idea of what to expect from our trustworthy vessels. If you want to go deeper, you can try to calculate the maximum hull speed of your own boat. Calculating the maximum speed is actually very simple. Now is the time to get out your calculator.

You calculate the maximum hull speed (HS) by taking the length in feet (lwl), get the square root, and multiplying it by 1.34.

HS = √ lwl * 1.34 HS = Hull Speed lwl = length at waterline

So a 80 feet boat has a maximum hull speed of:

√ 80 * 1.34 = 12 knots

A displacement hull has a maximum hull speed. Hull speed is a theoretical speed that tells us what the maximum efficient speed is. Everything above that speed costs a lot more energy. If you power your boat by engine, you can exceed the speed by pushing the hull over your own bow wave (this requires a lot of horsepowers though, and it isn't good for your engine).

If you're sailing instead, you can exceed your hull speed with the help of the weather. Let's call these surfing conditions (sounds good). This might happen to you when you're sailing downwind and the current pushes you forward simultaneously. This helps you to overtake your own bow wave. If this happens, the wavelength gets longer than the hull length: the water can't get out of the way fast enough. As a result, the boat starts to plane, increasing water resistance at the front. Congratulations: you're surfing on your own bow wave.

The increase in speed won't be mind blowing however (about 1 knot). The truth is: a displacement hull is bound to its speed. It just costs to much energy to propel it through the water. It's made to cut, not steamroll the water.

Sailboats don't travel lightning fast, but they do travel 24/7. Because of this, they can cover quite a bit of distance. What distance are we actually able to cover with conservative speeds?

The average sailboat covers a distance of roughly 100 nautical miles (NM) , at a speed of around 4.5 knots. This equals 115 miles or 185 km.

1 NM is 1.852 km or 1.151 mile

You can calculate the distance per day by simply multiplying the speed in knots by 24 hours:

NM = knots * 24

Most sailboats cover anywhere between 100-180 NM per day. This means that a fast sailboat in ideal conditions can cover more than 200 miles. Impressive. However, anything over 180 NM is uncommon. We usually only see cruising speeds that high in races.

Here are the distances per day (NM) for different cruising speeds:

How fast can a sailboat go under power? The average speed of a sailboat under power is 4-5 knots (5 mph or 8 km/h). Most sailors switch to engine at sailing speeds below 6 knots, especially when on passage.

How fast do racing sailboats go? Racing sailboats can reach speeds of 30 - 50 knots (35-58 mph or 55-92 km/h). The record is set at 65.45 knots (75 mph or 121 km/h). They can beat wind speed because they have a planing hull instead of a displacement hull, making them a lot faster than average sailboats

Can a sailboat sail faster than the wind? Sailboats with a planing hull (multihulls) can go faster than wind. Displacement hulls (the average sailboat) can't beat the wind, or just slightly in surfing conditions.

Robert Tangney Kenmare Ireland

Just wondering if you could do a similar article on diesel powered boats.I have a Seaward 23 powered with two 1.6 mermaid engines.I normally do around 7_8 knots and was thinking of replacing them for more speed around 10_12 knots.what engines would I need. According to what I have read already I should be getting 10 knots cruising speed with a top speed of 12 knots.This is not the case and her bottom is very clean.Found your article very interesting.

Shawn Buckles

Hi Robert, thanks for your comment. You have quite a bit of power there, nice.

I wouldn’t know for sure what engine size you should get, this article is specifically about sailboats. Also, this is the maximum hull speed - what you could expect under ideal conditions. And that’s never the case - you have to deal with current, wind, and so on. So I’d say it sounds about right.

If by diesel-powered boats you mean a powerboat, I currently don’t write about powerboats. Maybe I will in the future, but I won’t make any promises for now.

Thanks again and good luck with your upgrade!

I’m not sure if you use a different way of calculating time in nautical terms (Not a sailor myself, just curious about sailboats), but in the ‘How to calculate necessary sailing speed’ my math would say there’s 6 hours = 360 minutes from 1500 hours (3 PM) to 2100 hours (9 PM), not 600 minutes = 10 hours. Am I missing something?

Hi Ben L, That’s exactly right, it was a math error on my part. Thanks for pointing it out, I have updated the article.

Catamarans and trimarans are PLANING boats?! How long have you been sailing? Three days? :-)))

Matas Pacevicius

Just wanted to point out a typo. At hull speed of 5NM you travel 120NM and 138miles (not the 115 written) per 24hrs. Thank you for your articles. I’ve been dreaming of circumnavigation for years and am in the process of designing and building my own sailboat for the feat. I would love to build and sail a sailboat on which I could live almost anywhere in the world. I currently reside on the Gulf coast of Florida and am surrounded by beautiful warm waters that beckon me to explore them. Hopefully in the followings 5 years I will be sailing into the Caribbean in my self-built traveling home in the water. I wish to call the oceans home and soon the entire world. I plan to cross the Atlantic from the Caribbean on my first leg around the world. Would you recommend sailing throughout the Mediterranean? Any ideas on how’s to make money along the way?

I’ve worked all my life, struggling. Now 56y.o. staring at becoming a jobless wanderer in the next couple of months, maybe pick up a used boat. I am just really curious how some people have the time and place to design, build, and then sail around. Tell me your secrets…

Benjamin Lindner

Hello Shawn;

You have an error in your table above: 5 Knots = 120 NM BUT DOES NOT EQUAL 115 MILES.

Thank you Ben

Carlos Alberto Molinelli

But WHY is it a maximum speed for displacement boats in quiet waters, responding to this old formula? It is because the speed increases, the water displaced forms waves. At slow speed there are several along the hull. At fast speed there are only two: one at the bow and another an the stern. If the boat tries to go faster, the stern wave would go more farther but the hull would lose sustentation. It better explained with a picture. Look for boats going fast. You will see only two waves.

Robert Flores

Getting close to retirement and want to get a sailboat with some power. Thinking about sailing lakes and coastal. Looking at the macgregor 26M and seaward 26rk. What recommendations do you have ?? Or things to think about. I am one for safety. Best regards Robert

Ronald Ernst van Dijk

Thank you. Very well explained in clear language, including the usual conversions between knots, miles and kilometers. It helps understanding the physics of sailboats and what to expect in terms of speed. I have just completed building an 18 feet wooden gaff rigged yawl (design by François Vivier) for single handed coastal sailing in Malaysia, the country where I live. Your “rule of thumb” about HS = Lwl * 1.34 seems to work well, although I have to further try it out with different wind speeds and sailing on a reach or down wind.

Your website is an ad horror show to the point it is not usable any more. Ads do have their place and purpose, just like food needs salt. But in your case there is more salt then there is food. Moderation is key.

Ara Houston

Hello improvesailing.com owner, You always provide helpful information.

Leave a comment

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Average Speed of a Sailboat & Factors That Affect Speed

Written by J. Harvey / Fact checked by S. Numbers

Sailboats have been around for a long time, and even now, when motors are common on vessels, they are still used. But have you ever wondered about the performance and average speed of a sailboat?

A sailboat average speed ranges from 4 to 6 knots or 4.5 to 7 mph and tops out at 8mph . However, many factors affect these estimates, including the type of boat and its hull . Let’s take a closer look.

Table of Contents

Sail Boat Speed

Factors that affect speed, ways to improve sailboat speed, frequently asked questions.

Sailboats have an average speed range of 4 to 6 knots and a sailboat top speed of 7 knots; however, this is an average for all types, and the numbers can change a lot based on the boat model, its hull, along with other factors.

For example, racing sailboats go much faster, up to 20 knots with custom designs reaching up to 50 knots. The fastest sailboat speed on record is 65.45 knots.

Modern ships no longer use sails, but the average sailing ship speed in the 70s was around 4 to 6 knots. This range also applies to the trading galleon that drove much of the world’s commerce in the past.

Averages aside, the fastest sailing ship speed was recorded in 1854 at 22 knots or 41 kph.

• Depending on the sailboat’s dimension

The length of a sailboat directly affects its speed, and longer vessels tend to be faster than shorter ones. The reason is boats need to lift their hull and create speed by riding over the water. This is more easily achieved if the length of the wave is closer to the length of the craft.

Some designs make use of length to boost speeds. Though longer boats tend to be heavy and swift, that doesn’t mean lightweight crafts are slow.

On the contrary, they can be quite fast, but they are vulnerable to strong winds and unstable waters. Multi-hulls are ideal for lighter boats and will be discussed further below.

Here is a table that shows how average speeds differ as length increases. You can see that a 40 ft. sailboat is faster than any smaller vessel, and the fastest small sailboat can not outrun the bigger ones. The exception would be a racing craft.

• The shape of the boat hull

Hull shape greatly affects the speed and performance of watercraft, with a slim hull and wider transom striking the ideal balance. This shape allows the boat to be faster and more stable .

A hull with a high buttock angle is not able to resist waves and is therefore slower.

• How to measure sailboat speed

To calculate your speed in knots with a calculator, take your vessel’s LWL or length of the waterline from bow to stern in feet. Take the square root of this number and multiply it by 1.34, which is a given figure for the wave crest, related to the wake of your watercraft.

The product is the estimated average speed. In short:

√LWL x 1.34 = average sailboat or average yacht speed knots

Another straightforward method of determining your vessel’s speed is to sail between two points with a known distance in nautical miles. Divide the figure by your travel time to get your average speed in knots.

Conversion from knots to mph or km/h is also useful. One knot is equivalent to 1.15mph or 1.85 kph.

Aside from the boat’s dimensions and shape, hull type, waves, and wind also affect a vessel’s speed.

The two general hull types are the monohull and multihull.

The monohull, also known as the displacement hull, is the standard type used on most boats. These are designed to pierce through the water to reduce drag and can go even faster by lifting the bow.

The multihull is a boat with multiple hulls, as can be derived from the name, and the catamaran is a popular example with its twin hulls. Compared to monohulls of the same size, the average sailing speed of a catamaran and a tri-hull is 9 to 10 knots, which are around 25 to 30% faster compared to a monohull craft.

However, multi-hulls are sensitive to weight imbalances and are less capable of managing heavier loads.

• Water condition

In general, bigger waves tend to accompany higher speeds. That said, waves that are too tall can be dangerous, such as in the case of breaking waves.

Sailboats use a sail, and the wind directly affects their performance. However, the direction is another important factor, since sailing downwind gives a boost in speed, while going upwind will make it difficult to move faster. Being able to utilize the wind effectively can help boost your speed.

You can also take steps to go faster; some are simple to do, but others pose more difficulty.

The first is to ensure that your boat is in good condition, which is already a given. For a sailboat, however, the condition of the sail and mast is a unique and important factor. For instance, the mast should be free of cracks and its extrusions should be secured correctly.

Weight is another important consideration and needs to be managed properly. Aside from minding your cargo weight, it is also essential to balance this weight and distribute it properly.

Proper sailing is another critical point. To reach top speed sailboat needs an operator that employs the correct technique. This includes perfect steering, wind positioning, and sail control; these take time to learn but are essential to reach maximum speed.

Sailboat speed vs wind speed: can a sailboat sail faster than the wind?

Yes. There are two ways to achieve this, and both involve reducing or eliminating drag between the vessel and the water. One is by lifting the hull using the apparent wind on the sail; the other is by foiling, which brings the boat on top of the water.

How many miles can a sailboat travel in a day?

These vessels have an average sailing distance per day of 185 km, provided that travel is continuous and downwind. If under the power of an engine, the distance traveled increases up to 241 km.

How fast does a sailboat go? Now you know the average speed of a sailboat, along with a better understanding of what affects the numbers and how to improve them.

Sailing crafts are not capable of reaching the same speeds as motorized vessels; however, they offer a very different experience that many boaters find appealing.

How do you feel about sailboats after learning about their speed? Would you try one if given the opportunity? Tell us in the comments section below.

Remember to boat safely.

• The fastest speed of a speed boat.

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Discover the Speed of Sailboats: How Fast Does a Sail Boat Go?

Alex Morgan

Sail boats have long captivated people with their elegance and ability to harness the power of the wind. If you’ve ever wondered how fast a sail boat can go, this article will provide you with a comprehensive understanding. We will begin with an introduction to sail boats and how they work.

Sail boats are vessels that utilize the wind to propel themselves through the water. They consist of a hull, which is the body of the boat, and one or more sails, which capture the wind’s energy. When the wind fills the sails, it creates a force that propels the boat forward. The angle and shape of the sails can be adjusted to optimize the boat’s performance.

Several factors play a crucial role in determining the speed of a sail boat. The first and most obvious factor is the speed and direction of the wind. The stronger the wind, the faster the boat can potentially go. The sail area and design also affect speed, as larger, more aerodynamic sails generate more power. The design and weight of the boat’s hull impact its performance. Proper trim and sail control, along with favorable water conditions, can further enhance a sail boat’s speed.

To better understand sail boat speed, it is important to grasp the concept of knots. A knot is a unit of speed equivalent to one nautical mile per hour. The average speed of a sail boat can vary based on various factors, but it typically ranges from 4 to 8 knots.

Different types of sail boats have different typical speeds. Dinghy sail boats, which are small and agile, can reach speeds of 5 to 15 knots. Cruising sail boats, designed for leisurely journeys, have an average speed of 5 to 8 knots. On the other hand, racing sail boats, built for speed and competitiveness, can achieve impressive speeds of 12 to 20 knots or more.

If you are looking to increase the speed of your sail boat, there are several factors to consider. Sail trim, which involves adjusting the angle and tension of the sails, is crucial for optimizing performance. Proper weight distribution is also important to maintain balance and reduce drag. Mastering tacking and gybing techniques, which involve changing the boat’s direction relative to the wind, can help maximize speed. Upgrading sails to newer and more advanced designs can significantly enhance a sail boat’s speed.

By understanding the intricacies of sail boat speed and implementing strategies to optimize performance, you can fully appreciate the exhilarating experience of sailing. In the following sections, we will delve deeper into the topic, addressing frequently asked questions and providing valuable insights into the world of sail boat speed.

Key takeaway:

• A sailboat’s speed is influenced by various factors: Wind speed and direction, sail area and design, hull design and weight, trim and sail control, and water conditions all affect how fast a sailboat can go.
• The average speed of a sailboat is measured in knots, with 1 knot equaling 1 nautical mile per hour.
• The speed of different types of sailboats can vary: Dinghy sailboats, cruising sailboats, and racing sailboats all have different typical speeds based on their design and intended use.

What is a Sail Boat?

A sail boat is a watercraft propelled by sails, harnessing wind power. It consists of a hull , which is the body of the boat, and one or more masts with attached sails. The fabric sails are designed to catch the wind and convert its energy into forward motion.

Sail boats work based on the principle of aerodynamics. The shape and angle of the sails create lift when the wind blows against them, similar to an airplane wing. This lift, combined with the boat’s hull design, allows the sail boat to move forward through the water.

The speed of a sail boat can vary and depends on several factors. These factors include wind speed and direction, sail area and design, hull design and weight, trim and sail control, and water conditions. They can affect the efficiency and performance of the sail boat, determining its speed.

How Do Sail Boats Work?

Sail boats work by utilizing the power of the wind to propel themselves through the water. They achieve this through a combination of adjusting the position of the sails and utilizing lift and drag forces. Understanding how sail boats work is essential for safe and enjoyable sailing.

One of the key principles of sail boat operation is the use of sails. Sail boats have sails that capture the wind, similar to how an airplane wing works. The wind creates lift, which pushes the sail boat forward.

Another important component of sail boat operation is the rudder . Located at the stern of the boat, the rudder is a vertical fin that steers the boat by directing the flow of water. By adjusting the angle of the rudder, the sailor can control the boat’s direction.

The keel is another crucial aspect of sail boat operation. It extends beneath the boat into the water and provides stability. It also generates lift, which counteracts the force of the wind and prevents the boat from tipping over.

To change direction, sail boats perform maneuvers called tacking and gybing . Tacking involves turning the bow of the boat through the wind, while gybing involves turning the stern of the boat through the wind. These maneuvers allow the boat to navigate different angles relative to the wind direction.

To optimize the performance of a sail boat, it is important to learn how to trim the sails and make adjustments based on wind conditions. Practice and experience will enhance sailing skills and proficiency.

Factors Affecting the Speed of a Sail Boat

When it comes to the speed of a sailboat, numerous factors come into play. From wind speed and direction to sail area and design, hull design and weight, trim and sail control, as well as water conditions, each element can greatly impact how fast a sailboat can go. Let’s dive into these crucial factors that sailors should consider to harness the full potential of their sailboat and achieve optimal speed on the water.

Wind Speed and Direction

Wind speed and direction greatly impact a sailboat’s speed. A knowledgeable sailor can use the wind to their advantage and adjust their sailing techniques accordingly.

To understand the impact of wind speed and direction on a sailboat’s speed, refer to the following table:

When the wind blows directly from behind, it is called a “ downwind ” condition. Sailboats can achieve their maximum potential speed during this condition by adjusting their sails appropriately.

In contrast, when the wind comes directly from the front, known as a “ headwind ,” sailboats experience resistance and slower speeds. Sailors often need to tack or zigzag to make progress against the wind.

A true story that illustrates the importance of wind speed and direction involves a solo sailor named Paul Larsen . In 2012, he set the world sailing speed record on Vestas Sailrocket 2 , reaching a remarkable speed of 68 knots (78 miles per hour) in Namibia . Larsen’s achievement demonstrates how harnessing the power of the wind can propel a sailboat to incredible speeds.

Remember, mastering wind speed and direction is essential for any sailor looking to maximize their sailboat’s performance and have a safe and enjoyable voyage.

Sail Area and Design

The sail area and design of a sailboat are crucial for performance and speed. Sail area, which refers to the size and shape of the sails and is measured in square feet or square meters, is a key factor in determining the power and speed of a sailboat. A larger sail area allows the boat to catch more wind, resulting in increased power and speed. It is important to balance the sail area with the boat’s hull design and weight to ensure stability and control.

The design of the sails also plays a significant role in the performance of a sailboat. Factors such as shape, curvature, and material can greatly impact its efficiency. Modern sail designs utilize advanced fabrics and shaping techniques to harness the wind more effectively, generating increased lift and facilitating faster sailing.

Optimizing the efficiency and performance of the sails requires proper positioning and trim. Sail trim involves adjusting the angle and tension of the sails to capture the maximum amount of wind and translate it into forward motion.

When selecting a sailboat, it is important to consider the sail area and design that align with your sailing goals. For racing purposes, a sailboat with a larger sail area and a design focused on speed would be ideal. On the other hand, for cruising or recreational sailing, a sailboat with a balanced design that prioritizes stability and comfort may be more suitable.

Hull Design and Weight

Sailboat hull design and weight are crucial for speed and performance on the water. The shape and weight distribution directly affect how the boat moves. Here are key factors for hull design and weight:

1. Hull Design: A sleek and narrow hull minimizes resistance and maximizes speed. It allows the boat to cut through the water smoothly and reduces drag.

2. Weight Distribution: Proper balance and stability result from even weight distribution from bow to stern and side to side. This ensures the boat remains level and responsive to the wind.

3. Materials Used: The choice of materials affects speed. Lighter materials like fiberglass or carbon fiber reduce weight and increase speed. The hull’s strength and durability should not be compromised.

4. Ballast and Weight: Sailboats may have ballast at the bottom of the keel to stabilize and prevent capsizing. The size and placement of the ballast affect both stability and speed.

5. Hydrodynamics: The hull design should consider keel shape, hull angle, and water interaction. A well-designed hull minimizes water resistance and maximizes speed.

To achieve optimal performance on the water, consider hull design and weight when choosing a sailboat. The right shape, weight distribution, materials, and ballast greatly impact speed and overall sailing experience. So, evaluate these factors carefully when selecting a sailboat to maximize your enjoyment on the water.

In 2012, Paul Larsen set the world sailing speed record with the sailboat Vestas Sailrocket 2 , reaching a record-breaking speed of 68 knots (78 miles per hour). This achievement highlights the importance of hull design and weight in achieving high speeds on the water. With advancements in technology and a focus on hydrodynamics, sailboats continue to push the limits of speed and performance, making sailing an exhilarating sport.

Trim and Sail Control

Trim and sail control are crucial for optimizing a sailboat’s speed and maneuverability. The appropriate trimming of the sails enables the exploitation of the wind’s power and ensures maximum efficiency . Sail control entails the adjustment of the main sail, jib, and other sails to maintain balance and control. By skillfully manipulating the sails, sailors can achieve optimal lift and minimize drag, ultimately resulting in enhanced speed . Effective trim and sail control techniques depend on various factors such as wind conditions , boat type , and the sailor’s proficiency level .

Seasoned sailors possess the ability to make precise modifications to refine sail shape and improve performance. The utilization of telltales , which are thin ribbons affixed to the sails, aids in discerning wind flow and facilitates the necessary adjustments to trim and control. To optimize their sailboat’s speed and performance, sailors must continuously assess wind conditions and make ongoing alterations to trim and sail control. The mastery of trim and sail control techniques necessitates consistent practice and accumulated experience.

Water Conditions

When sailing, water conditions significantly impact a sailboat’s speed and performance. Important factors to consider include:

Wind strength: Strong winds increase speed, while light winds can slow the boat down.

Wave height and frequency: The size and frequency of waves affect stability and speed. Large waves can be challenging to navigate, causing the boat to slow.

Currents: Water currents can either boost or hinder speed. Favorable currents provide an extra push, while strong opposing currents slow the boat down.

Tide levels: Sailors need to consider tides when planning routes. High or low tides affect water depth and flow, potentially impacting speed and maneuverability.

Water temperature: Although it doesn’t directly affect speed, water temperature can influence wind patterns. Temperature differences between air and water can create varying wind conditions that may affect boat speed.

In a true story, experienced sailors faced challenging water conditions with strong winds and large waves during an ocean race. Despite these difficulties, they skillfully navigated their sailboat by adjusting sail trim and utilizing their knowledge of water currents. This highlighted the importance of understanding and adapting to water conditions for optimal sailboat performance.

Understanding Sail Boat Speed

When it comes to sail boat speed, several factors are important:

• Wind conditions: The speed of a sail boat depends on the strength and direction of the wind. Strong gusts can enable impressive speeds, while light or inconsistent winds will result in slower speeds.
• Sail size and design: The size and design of the sails play a crucial role in determining the sail boat’s speed. A larger sail area provides more power and can propel the boat faster, especially in optimal wind conditions.
• Hull type: The hull design and shape of a sail boat affect its speed and performance. Smooth-hulled sail boats with streamlined shapes are generally faster and more efficient in the water.
• Crew skill and experience: The crew’s ability to trim the sails, navigate, and make tactical decisions greatly impacts the boat’s speed. Skilled sailors can maximize the boat’s performance by effectively harnessing the wind to achieve higher speeds.

Suggestions to enhance sail boat speed:

• Regularly maintain and clean the sails and hull to reduce drag and optimize performance.
• Invest in high-quality sails and equipment specifically designed to enhance speed.
• Stay updated on weather forecasts and choose sailing routes with favorable wind conditions.
• Continually improve sailing techniques and knowledge through training and practice.

Understanding sail boat speed is essential for sail boat enthusiasts and sailors. By considering wind conditions, sail size and design, hull type, and crew skills, it is possible to optimize the speed and performance of a sail boat.

What is Knot?

The knot is a unit of speed used in navigation and aviation. It equals one nautical mile per hour. One nautical mile is about 1.15078 statute miles or 1.852 kilometers. Knots often measure the speed of sailboats, ships, and aircraft. For example, a sailboat traveling at 10 knots has a speed of roughly 11.5 miles per hour or 18.5 kilometers per hour.

Fun Fact: The term “ knot ” comes from measuring speed by throwing a log or buoy overboard and using a rope with knots at regular intervals to measure the distance traveled. The number of knots passing through a sailor’s hand within a specific time period indicates the vessel’s speed.

What is Knot ?

What is the Average Speed of a Sail Boat?

The average speed of a sail boat varies depending on several factors. Sail boat speeds are measured in knots , which is equivalent to one nautical mile per hour. A cruising sail boat typically travels at speeds ranging from 5 to 8 knots . Some cruising sail boats can reach speeds up to 12 knots in ideal conditions. Racing sail boats, designed for speed , can reach even higher speeds, averaging between 8 to 12 knots and sometimes exceeding 20 knots .

Several factors influence the speed of a sail boat. Wind speed and direction , sail area , and design , hull design and weight , and controls used to trim the sails all contribute to the boat’s speed. Water conditions such as currents and tides can also affect a sail boat’s speed.

It should be noted that these speeds are general estimates and can vary depending on the specific sail boat, weather conditions, and the skill of the sailors. Sailors can use tools like sailing distance calculators and GPS tracking devices to accurately measure their speed and distance covered.

Typical Speeds of Different Types of Sail Boats

Curious to know how fast sail boats can go? In this section, we’ll dive into the exciting world of sail boats and explore the typical speeds of different types. From nimble dinghy sail boats to elegant cruising sail boats and adrenaline-pumping racing sail boats , we’ll uncover the exhilarating speeds these vessels can reach. So, buckle up and get ready to ride the waves as we explore the thrilling realm of sail boat speeds.

Dinghy Sail Boats

Dinghy sail boats , also known as dinghies , are popular watercraft used for a variety of purposes such as recreational sailing, racing, and training. These small and lightweight vessels are designed to accommodate one or two people, and their maneuverability and responsiveness make them ideal for navigating in tight spaces. Due to their efficient design and compact size, dinghy sail boats are capable of achieving impressive speeds. In fact, they are frequently employed in Olympic sailing events , which serves as a testament to their versatility and exceptional performance capabilities.

Cruising Sail Boats

Cruising sail boats are specifically designed for leisurely sailing and comfortable living. These sail boats stand apart from racing or dinghy sail boats due to their larger size and abundance of amenities. With cabins, a galley, and sleeping quarters, cruising sail boats are perfect for longer trips and overnight stays. They prioritize comfort and stability, ensuring a smooth and enjoyable sailing experience. The spacious and accommodating hull design features a wider beam to enhance stability. Their heavier weight compared to racing sail boats aids in stability and reduces the impact of waves. Their smaller sail area makes them easier to handle for recreational sailors.

Cruising sail boats are versatile and able to handle various water conditions, including coastal cruising and offshore passages. Their maximum hull speed is determined by their length. Safety is paramount, and it is imperative to equip these sail boats with GPS tracking devices and life-saving equipment. When searching for a cruising sail boat, take into consideration factors such as size, layout, amenities, and the specific needs of your sailing adventures.

Racing Sail Boats

Racing sail boats are specifically designed for competitive sailing events. These boats are carefully crafted to be lightweight and possess a sleek hull design that minimizes drag in the water. What sets them apart from other sail boats is their larger sail area, allowing them to capitalize on more wind and ultimately achieve greater speeds. To fully optimize the performance of racing sail boats, skilled sailors play a critical role by promptly adjusting the sail trim to maximize speed. The distribution of weight is of utmost importance to maintain balance and stability, especially when cruising at high speeds.

In the realm of racing sail boats, tactics and strategy hold significant value as sailors must timely decide when to tack or gybe in order to maintain the most favorable wind angle. Upgrading the sails of a racing sail boat can substantially impact its speed and overall performance. By integrating cutting-edge materials into the sails, such as high-performance materials, it is possible to elevate the boat’s speed and performance significantly. In racing sail boats, it is common to utilize GPS tracking devices to accurately measure speed and distance throughout races.

Factors to Consider for Increasing Sail Boat Speed

When it comes to increasing the speed of a sailboat, there are some crucial factors to consider. We’ll dive into sail trim , weight distribution , tacking and gybing techniques, and upgrading sails . Unleash the power of the wind on the open water and discover how these elements can make all the difference in reaching new speeds. So, hop aboard and let’s explore the secrets to sailing faster than ever before!

Sail trim is crucial for maximizing a sailboat’s speed and performance. It involves adjusting the sails to utilize the wind power effectively. Consider these key points for sail trim:

• Balancing the sails: Properly balancing the sails is essential for optimal performance. This involves adjusting the angle and tension of the sails to ensure even wind filling.
• Main sail trim: The main sail is the largest and most important sail. The trimmer adjusts its position and shape by adjusting the main sheet, halyard tension, and boom vang.
• Jib/genoa trim: The jib or genoa plays a significant role in driving the boat forward. The trimmer adjusts the jib/genoa using the jib sheet to control the sail’s angle and tension.
• Twisting the sails: Properly twisting the sails helps maintain balance and efficiency. The trimmer adjusts the sail’s twist by controlling the tension in the leech (back edge) of the sail.
• Monitoring wind conditions: Constantly monitoring wind speed and direction is crucial for effective sail trim. Adjustments must be made to compensate for changes in wind strength and direction.

During a sailing race, a sailboat crew noticed their competitors consistently outperforming them. They realized their sail trim was not optimized. They experimented with different sail adjustments, focusing on balancing the sails and adjusting the twist. With improved sail trim, they caught up to their competitors and ultimately won the race. This experience highlights the importance of sail trim in achieving maximum speed and performance.

Weight Distribution

Weight distribution is essential for enhancing the velocity of a sailboat. Here are some crucial factors to take into account:

Balance: Maintaining proper weight distribution ensures the boat’s stability and facilitates efficient movement through the water.

Center of gravity: By keeping the weight centered and low, it prevents the sailboat from becoming top-heavy and enhances maneuverability.

Crew position: The positioning of the crew on the boat significantly impacts weight distribution. They should be strategically placed to achieve optimal performance and minimize drag.

Trimming sails: Skillfully adjusting the sails enables them to efficiently catch the wind and affects weight distribution. The crew should trim the sails according to the wind conditions to maximize speed.

Shifting weight: Depending on the situation, the crew may need to shift their weight from one side of the boat to the other in order to maintain balance and effectively utilize wind gusts.

Weight distribution is influenced by various factors, including the boat’s design, size, and intended use. Making adjustments based on these factors has a positive impact on the sailboat’s speed and overall performance.

Did you know? Correct weight distribution not only increases a sailboat’s speed but also enhances its stability and reduces the risk of capsizing.

Tacking and Gybing Techniques

Tacking and gybing are essential sailing skills. Here is a list of steps for performing tacking and gybing :

Release the working sheet.

Initiate the turn by pushing or pulling the tiller or wheel away from the desired direction.

Cross the bow of the boat through the wind.

Switch the working sheet to the opposite side and trim it in.

Initiate the turn by pulling or pushing the tiller or wheel towards the desired direction.

Allow the boom to swing across the boat as the wind direction changes.

These techniques require practice and coordination with the crew. Anticipate and communicate the maneuvers to ensure everyone’s safety. Always be aware of other boats and obstacles when tacking and gybing .

During a regatta , our team was neck and neck with another boat. To overtake them, our skipper executed a perfect gybe, while the crew swiftly switched the sheets and trimmed them in. Our boat accelerated suddenly, leaving our competitors behind. We won the race due to our skillful tacking and gybing techniques and teamwork .

Upgrading Sails

When it comes to upgrading sails, it is important to assess the condition and performance of your current sails. Look out for any signs of wear and tear, such as fraying or stretching, as these issues can affect the efficiency of your sails. It is a good idea to consult with a sailmaker who can evaluate your boat and provide recommendations on suitable upgrades. Factors such as size, type, goals, and budget will be taken into consideration.

When choosing new sails, consider the sail material that best suits your sailing conditions and preferences. Options like Dacron , laminate , or carbon fiber offer different benefits. If you are looking for enhanced speed and responsiveness, high-tech sails like laminate or carbon fiber could be a great choice. Upgrading to sails with better aerodynamic design and shape, such as flat-cut or radial-cut sails, can significantly improve performance and reduce drag.

Another aspect to consider is the size of your current sails. Resizing them appropriately can optimize their performance. Explore the option of adding adjustable sail controls, like cunningham , outhaul , and boom vang . These controls allow for easy adjustments while sailing, helping to optimize sail shape and performance.

To ensure the longevity of your sails, it is crucial to maintain them regularly. This includes proper cleaning, storage, inspections, and repairs when necessary. By taking care of your sails, you can extend their lifespan and continue enjoying a great sailing experience. Upgrading your sails can have a significant impact on the speed and overall performance of your sailboat.

Some Facts About How Fast Does A Sail Boat Go:

• ✅ The fastest recorded sailboat speed is 68 knots (approximately 78 miles per hour). (Source: Our Team)
• ✅ Monohull sailboats typically travel between six and eight knots. (Source: Our Team)
• ✅ Catamarans and trimarans can reach speeds of nine to ten knots. (Source: Our Team)
• ✅ The average speed of a sailboat depends on factors such as size, hull shape, currents, wind, and body of water. (Source: Our Team)
• ✅ The average cruising speed for sailboats between 30 and 50 feet is around 5.4 to 6.9 knots. (Source: Our Team)

Frequently Asked Questions

1. what is the average speed of a monohull sailboat.

The average speed of a monohull sailboat typically ranges between six and eight knots.

2. Who holds the record for the fastest sailboat speed?

The world record for the fastest recorded sailboat speed is held by Paul Larsen and his Vestas Sailrocket 2, reaching a speed of 68 knots in 2012.

3. What factors affect the speed of a sailboat?

The speed of a sailboat is influenced by various factors such as hull shape, size, wind conditions, currents, and the body of water it is traversing.

4. How can I calculate the speed of my sailboat?

To calculate your sailboat’s speed, multiply the average cruising speed in knots by the time traveled in hours. For example, an average speed of 6 knots would mean covering about 144 nautical miles in a 24-hour period.

5. Where can I find sailboats for sale?

There is a wide selection of sailboats for sale in Florida, which can be viewed online or in a monthly publication available at marinas throughout the state.

6. How does hull length affect sailboat speed?

A longer sailboat can create longer waves and move faster, while a shorter sailboat may experience reduced speeds due to its hull length.

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction

Sailing is not just a means of transportation; it’s a thrilling and exhilarating experience that connects us with nature and the vastness of the open water. Sailboats come in various sizes and designs, each with its own unique capabilities. Understanding the average speed and top speed of sailboats is essential for sailors and enthusiasts alike.

2. Understanding Sailboat Speed

The speed of a sailboat is determined by multiple factors, including wind conditions, sail area, hull design, and overall weight. Unlike powerboats, sailboats rely on the wind to generate propulsion, making their speed more dependent on natural elements.

3. Factors Affecting Sailboat Speed

3.1 wind conditions.

The strength and direction of the wind play a significant role in determining a sailboat’s speed. Sailors often check weather forecasts to assess wind patterns and plan their journeys accordingly. Wind speed is measured in knots, with one knot equaling one nautical mile per hour.

3.2 Sail Area and Design

The size and design of the sails affect how much wind they can capture and convert into forward motion. Larger sail areas generally provide more power, but they can also be harder to handle in strong winds. Modern sail designs, such as the use of aerodynamic shapes and advanced materials, have improved sail efficiency and performance.

3.3 Hull Design and Length

The shape and length of a sailboat’s hull also impact its speed. Longer hulls tend to have higher top speeds and better stability, but they may sacrifice maneuverability in tight spaces. Hull designs that reduce drag, such as fin keels or bulb keels, can enhance a sailboat’s speed by minimizing resistance in the water.

3.4 Weight and Displacement

The weight and displacement of a sailboat affect its speed and maneuverability. Lighter boats generally have higher acceleration and are more responsive to wind changes. On the other hand, heavier boats may have better stability in rough conditions but can be slower to accelerate.

4. Types of Sailboats and Their Speed Ranges

Sailboats come in various types, each with its own speed characteristics. Here are some common types and their average speed ranges:

4.1 Dinghies and Small Sailboats

Dinghies and small sailboats are lightweight and highly maneuverable. They can achieve speeds ranging from 4 to 8 knots, making them popular choices for recreational sailing and racing.

4.2 Cruising Sailboats

Cruising sailboats are designed for comfort and long-distance voyages. They typically have average speeds of 5 to 9 knots, allowing sailors to enjoy a leisurely journey while exploring different destinations.

4.3 Racing Sailboats

Racing sailboats are built for speed and performance. These boats can reach average speeds of 7 to 12 knots and sometimes even higher in optimal wind conditions. Racing sailors constantly push the limits of their boats to gain a competitive edge.

Also Read: How Much Speed Loss Would Justify Docking?

5. Techniques to Optimize Sailboat Speed

To maximize the speed of a sailboat, sailors employ various techniques and strategies. Here are a few tips to optimize sailboat speed:

• Trim the sails: Adjust the sails’ angle and tension to capture the maximum amount of wind energy.
• Use proper sail combinations: Selecting the right combination of sails for the wind conditions can improve speed and efficiency.
• Maintain a clean hull: Regularly cleaning the hull and removing any marine growth helps reduce drag and increase speed.
• Optimize weight distribution: Properly distributing weight on the sailboat ensures stability and improves performance.

6. Safety Considerations While Sailing at High Speeds

Sailing at high speeds can be exhilarating, but it also comes with risks. Here are some safety considerations to keep in mind when pushing the limits of sailboat speed:

• Wear appropriate safety gear: Always wear a life jacket and other safety equipment while sailing.
• Be aware of changing weather conditions: Sudden changes in wind or weather can affect a sailboat’s stability and speed.
• Stay vigilant and maintain control: Maintain a constant watch on the surroundings and adjust sail settings as needed.
• Follow navigational rules: Adhere to local boating regulations and give way to other vessels when necessary.

7. Notable Speed Records in Sailboating

Over the years, sailors and adventurers have pushed the boundaries of sailboat speed, setting impressive records. Here are a few notable speed records in sailboating:

• The “Hydroptère” holds the world record for the highest speed achieved by a sailboat, reaching over 50 knots.
• The “Vestas Sailrocket 2” achieved an average speed of 65.45 knots, setting the world record for the fastest nautical mile.
• The “Sailrocket 3” holds the outright world speed sailing record, reaching a peak speed of 75.69 knots.

These remarkable achievements demonstrate the incredible speed potential of sailboats in the right conditions.

8. Table of Different Sailboat Types and Their Average Speed Ranges

Please note that these average speed ranges are approximate and can vary based on several factors including wind conditions, sail area, and boat design.

9. Conclusion

Sailboats offer a unique way to explore the seas while harnessing the power of the wind. Understanding the average speed of a sailboat and the factors that influence it can help sailors make informed decisions and optimize their sailing experience. Remember to prioritize safety while enjoying the thrill of sailing at high speeds. So, hoist the sails, catch the wind, and embark on an unforgettable voyage!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1: can a sailboat go faster than the wind.

Yes, under certain conditions, a sailboat can go faster than the wind. By using techniques like apparent wind and sailing at the optimal angle, sailboats can achieve speeds greater than the wind speed.

Q2: What is the top speed of a sailboat?

The top speed of a sailboat depends on various factors such as its design, size, and wind conditions. Some racing sailboats have been known to reach speeds of 20 knots or more, while high-performance sailing vessels have achieved speeds well over 50 knots.

Q3: Do sailboats have engines?

Most sailboats are equipped with auxiliary engines for maneuvering in harbors, calms, or emergencies. However, the primary mode of propulsion for a sailboat is the wind.

Q4: Can you sail against the wind?

Sailing against the windis possible through a technique called tacking or zigzagging. By angling the sails and changing the direction of the boat’s course, sailboats can make progress against the wind, although at a slower speed compared to sailing with the wind.

Q5: Are sailboats safe?

Sailboats can be safe when proper precautions are taken. It’s essential to have a good understanding of sailing techniques, weather conditions, and safety protocols. Adhering to safety guidelines, wearing appropriate gear, and maintaining a vigilant attitude can help ensure a safe and enjoyable sailing experience.

In conclusion , the average speed of a sailboat varies depending on numerous factors, including wind conditions, sail area, hull design, and weight. Sailboats offer a unique and exhilarating way to navigate the waters, relying on the power of the wind for propulsion. By understanding the factors that affect sailboat speed and employing optimization techniques, sailors can make the most of their sailing adventures. Remember to prioritize safety and adhere to navigational rules while enjoying the thrill of sailing. So, set your sails and embark on a journey that combines the serenity of the seas with the excitement of sailing!

Steven T. Anderson

Steven Taylor Anderson is an experienced sailor and author who writes for sailingbetter.com. He has been sailing for over 20 years across the USA and has taken several courses to improve his skills. He has also navigated throughout the world on various boats and yachts. His passion for sailing and knowledge of the sport shines through in his writing, making him a respected authority on the subject.

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Average Boat Speeds: Sailboat, Pontoon, & Cruiser

If you’re thinking about getting a boat and have a need for speed, this post is for you! What’s the average speed of a boat? Listed below are the average and top speeds for three of the most common boat types: sailboat, cruiser, and pontoon.

The fastest boat speed recorded was 317.6 mph (511 km/h). A jet engine (rather than a propeller) was utilized to power a speedboat in 1978.

Cigarette boats, often known as rum-runners, were motorboats designed for quick travel in the past. The slender-shaped boats could reach speeds of 90 mph in flat and calm waters.

This isn’t your typical boat speed. Rum-runners were given an extra speed boost to help them evade everyone while carrying out their smuggling operations.

Read on to know the average boat speeds, including the top boat speeds of sailboats, cruisers, and pontoons.

Need for Speed

A speedy boat ride is the best way to get your adrenaline pumping. If you’re going to use a boat for water activities that need speed, you’ll need to know how fast it can go. Water skiing, tubing, long-distance travel, or simply taking your friends or family on a thrilling fast ride are all activities that require speed.

Boats that pull water skiers go at speeds ranging from 10 to 35 miles per hour. For beginner water skiers, a boat speed of 10 mph is recommended. Experienced water skiers participating in water events, such as jumps or slaloms, should use a higher speed of 35 miles per hour.

Because of the varying speeds, we can see that average boat speeds are determined by the action. If you wish to cruise around calm waters, a boat with a top speed of 15 mph is ideal.

The idea is to find a balance between fuel economy and speed. In general, a faster boat consumes more fuel than a slower one. So, if you’re looking to buy a fast boat, keep that in mind.

Factors Affecting Boat Speed

The most important determinants of boat speed are the hull type and length. When less of a boat’s body is submerged in water, it is more likely to move faster. A speedier boat is one that is longer.

I’ll go through three of the most important factors that influence boat speed, and they are:

Length of Boat

Wind speed & direction.

Hull speed is influenced by the length of the boat. A faster boat is one that is longer. For boats, this is a rule of thumb.

The following are the maximum hull speeds for various boat lengths:

A sailboat with a monohull or displacement hull will be able to go at standard speeds of 4.5mph to 7mph or 4-6 knots. Using a planing hull, however, will allow it to cruise at incredible speeds of 35 to 58mph (30-50 knots) or 55-92kmh. Racing sailboats’ planing hulls are a major factor in their remarkable speeds.

Another important aspect that affects your average boat speed is the wind speed and direction. Of course, this is pretty important for sailboats. If you wish to sail across the ocean in a sailboat, you must consider these factors. When sailing, you also want a favorable current and to be downwind as much as possible.

Sailboat, Cruiser, & Pontoon Average and Top Boat Speeds

Sailboat average boat speed.

Harnessing the wind is a crucial ability for moving a sailboat quickly. The average cruising speed of a sailboat is between 8 and 12 miles per hour. Sailboats, on the other hand, can reach higher speeds, such as the world record speed of almost 75 mph set in 2012.

What was the top speed of early sailboats? Ships sailing in the 15th century, such as Columbus’ ship, had an average cruising speed of 4 knots and a top speed of 8 knots, according to records. When converted to miles, that sailing pace would be between 4 and 9 miles per hour.

Take a look at this 2012 sailboat speed record:

Pontoon Boat Average Boat Speed

A pontoon boat is capable of reaching very high speeds, making it more than simply a leisurely cruise on a lake.

A pontoon may reach speeds of more than 30 mph under the right conditions. If a pontoon has a larger engine and the conditions are ideal, it can even reach 35 mph.

A pontoon with a 90 horsepower motor, for example, can easily reach speeds of more than 30 mph. When a 60 horsepower engine is combined with a 20-foot pontoon, the maximum speed is around 15 miles per hour.

Placing a 90HP engine on a pontoon, on the other hand, can propel it to a top speed of roughly 25mph, even when loaded with a few passengers.

Here’s an example of a pontoon boat traveling much faster than usual:

Cruiser Average Boat Speed

The top boat for families in the U.S. is a cruiser-style motorboat with a reasonable price range.

A cruiser’s slowest cruising speed is roughly 16 mph. Cruisers, on the other hand, are notable for their fuel efficiency. A cruiser can travel more than 800 miles without refueling when cruising at modest speeds.

A sport fisher is a form of cruiser that is faster. It has been known to reach high speeds of over 50 miles per hour and a comfortable cruising speed of around 30 miles per hour.

When taking a trip that may take several days, a larger motorboat is the best option. Larger cruisers can comfortably go at speeds of around 30 miles per hour.

Standard Boat Speeds: Fuel Use

Traveling quickly on a motorboat is usually exciting and enjoyable. However, the cost of fuel can burn a hole in your wallet.

For example, a 24-foot speedboat cruising at 7 mph will consume around 3 gallons of fuel every hour. A cruising speed of 15 miles per hour will now consume 7 gallons per hour.

When you increase the speed to 30 mph, the fuel consumption rises to 11 gallons per hour! Even so, 24-foot motorboats may reach speeds of more than 45 miles per hour.

There are fuel-efficient powerboat models that addressed the issue of motorboat fuel consumption. Even when traveling at leisurely speeds, these types of motorboats save fuel.

Laws  for Boat Speed

When driving on the road, you are aware of the allowable speed limit. Usually, the speed limit is posted on the side of the road. Boat speed regulation, on the other hand, is more difficult to define.

Boat speed limitations are not posted on beaches or along waterfronts. The reason is that several factors can affect the speed limit. The type of boat, the time, the waterway type, and other factors all have an effect.

Sailing in open water, such as an ocean, a large lake, or sea, with a clear view ahead of you, allows you to accelerate your boat. When traveling near a bay, shore, or river, however, you must travel at a slower speed.

But the “No Wake Zone” sign is the one to look out for. This sign is commonly found along the docks , near the shore, canals, and marinas. A boat should slowly move if it sees this sign. A swell can endanger swimmers, boaters, wildlife, and other boaters.

A wake can be seen if the speed is greater than 5 mph. This means that in “No Wake Zone” areas, you must be extra cautious with your speed.

This is a sensible guideline that ensures the safety of everyone on the water.

Conclusion – What Are the Average Boat Speeds? [Sailboat, Pontoon, Cruiser]

A sailboat’s, pontoon’s, and cruiser’s average boat speed are as follows:

Boats of different types travel at varying speeds. Current and wind conditions, for example, can have an impact on speed. The speed of a boat is also affected by its length. Larger boats also travel at a faster speed.

When it comes to long travels, the average speed of the boat is the first thing that boaters want to know. The major factors that impact a boat’s speed are its purpose and size. Larger and bulkier ships move more slowly than racing sailboats with sleek designs.

As previously mentioned, the longer the boat’s length, the faster it goes. Other important boat speed factors include the wind and the hull type. With that said, have fun speeding about on the water, but always remember to keep safety in mind.

• Post category: Maintenance and Boating
• Post author: Cameron Miller

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What is the Average Speed of a Sailboat? ANSWERED: Measurement, Hulls & Speed Factors

Sailboats are not the best choice of transportation when speed is an essential factor. The average speed of the typical monohull sailboat is between six and ten knots. Of course, many factors affect this speed, and some boats are designed to be faster than others. And of course, there are always exceptions to the rule, and some of today’s fastest racing sailboats can fly along at speeds over 50 knots!

Table of Contents

Measuring boat speed – what’s a knot, types of boat hulls, how do you calculate displacement hull speed, factors affecting the speed of a sailboat, ways to design a faster sailboat, knots and nautical miles.

The speed of boats and ships is measured in knots or “nautical miles per hour.” This is slightly different than the standard MPH you may use in your car. For example, a nautical mile (nm) equals 6,076 feet, whereas a statute mile is equal to 5,280 feet. So one nautical mile is equivalent to 1.15 statute miles. 

Why do boats use nautical miles? The nautical mile is born from the lines of latitude (also called parallels) drawn across the globe by map makers. Each degree of latitude is the same distance from the next one. Each degree contains 60 minutes, and each minute is exactly equal to one nautical mile.

VMG vs. SOG

Finally, it’s also important to realize that there are many ways to measure the velocity of a boat through the water. The simplest method is to use what is commonly called a knot log. In the old days, this was a calibrated string that trailed behind the boat. It was marked by (you guessed it) knots in the string. You let out the string, and the faster the boat was traveling, the more knots passed over the side. So, by counting the knots over a specific time, say ten seconds, you could estimate boat speed through the water. 

Today, boats don’t typically carry knot logs. Instead, the modern equivalent is an electrical instrument with a spinning water wheel mounted in the hull. The tiny wheel spins faster as the boat travels faster and it sends the boat’s speed to the instruments. 

GPS also provides speed information by telling the captain their SOG (speed over the ground) and VMG (velocity made good). Speed over ground is usually about the same as the boat speed measured by the water wheel – except that SOG is measured across the earth’s surface. So if the boat is being affected by a 2-knot current in the opposite direction, the boat speed may indicate 6 knots while the SOG will show 4 knots. 

SOG is the most important speed for calculating trips because it is the actual speed you’re moving to get to Point B. Another way to describe this is VMG (velocity made good). This is the amount of your total speed that is getting you to your next waypoint or destination. If you’re tacking into the wind and not headed directly towards the finish line, your VMG will be significantly less than your SOG. 

There are three main types of boat hull – displacement, semi-displacement, and planing. 

Displacement

Displacement hulled vessels sit down low in the water. This is the classic ship—it just pushes the water out of the way to get where it’s going.

Displacement hulled vessels are limited in the speed at which they can travel. The faster they travel, the larger the bow wave they push up in front of them. The water is pushed up at the bow and then again at the stern. The difference between the bow and the stern waves creates a suction that only increases as power increases. That means that it’s very hard under most circumstances to go any faster.

This concept is known as the hull speed of a vessel—it’s a speed limit that the vessel cannot exceed. The only want to make a boat go faster is to increase the distance between the bow wave and the stern wave—another way of saying that the only want to build a faster boat is to build a longer boat. 

Nearly all monohull sailboats have displacement hulls. A displacement hulled vessel may not move very fast, but it is very efficient and takes very little power for its given weight. 

Semi-Displacement

If a boat is designed to do it, it can be pushed fast enough to sit up on top of its bow wave. It’s still sitting low in the water, but it can surf that wave just a little and break the stern wave’s suction. This takes an awful lot of power—more than most sailboats can muster—but it is commonly used in large trawlers and powerboats.

Finally, if a boat has a sleek, flat-bottomed hull and enough power, it can blast over the top of the bow wave and ride on top of the water. This is what go-fast boats and many fishing boats do, along with high-powered dinghies and ski boats. 

It takes an enormous amount of power to get a boat on plane, and the amount of power goes up as the vessel’s weight goes up.

The formula for figuring out the hull speed of a displacement hull in knots is 1.34 times the square root of the vessel’s waterline length in feet – or HS=1.34*√LWL.

If math isn’t your thing, here’s an online calculator . If you crunch some numbers, here are some examples you might come up with. 

• 20 feet LWL, 6.9 knots
• 30 feet LWL, 8.4 knots
• 40 feet LWL, 9.8 knots
• 50 feet LWL, 10.9 knots
• 60 feet LWL, 11.9 knots

It is important to remember that the length at the waterline (LWL) is typically less than the length overall (LOA). Therefore, if a vessel has long overhangs, waterline length is reduced. 

For the typical monohull sailboat, the hull speed represents the upper end of its performance. But there are plenty of other factors, and getting up to the speed happens much faster for some vessels than it does for others.

Amount of Wind

If a sailboat is trying to sail, but there is no wind—there’s very little chance of it getting to its hull speed. So one of the most significant factors affecting how quick a sailboat is is how well it sails in “light airs.” 

Most cruising sailboats can’t get up to their hull speed until the wind is at a steady 12 to 15 knots. As a general rule of thumb, most of these boats move at roughly half the true wind speed. So a wind of 15 knots moves a boat at about 7.5 knots, and if the wind is only 7 knots, it can typically only make 3.5 knots.

Point of Sail

Even then, they can only do it at certain points of sail. Most boats’ fastest point of sail is when the wind is “on the beam” or coming from the side. This is the most efficient aerodynamically for the sails to work. Sailing dead downwind is one of the least efficient.

Type of Sail Being Flown

Sailing in light winds requires light wind sails. These are typically larger than the boat’s regular cruising sails and made from lighter, more efficient fabric. 

Most people are familiar with the spinnaker used for downwind sailing. These large and colorful sails are built out of lightweight material so that a light wind can fill them easily. They can be huge, enough to move a heavy boat in light winds. There are also Code Zeros and gennakers, each of which is a different type of light air sail designed to help boats go faster on calm days.

These sails don’t make the boat go faster, per se. Because they’re built light, you can’t safely fly them with an apparent wind speed over about 15 knots. So what they do is allow a boat to sail when there isn’t enough wind for their regular sails to work.

Amount of Drag

Skin-friction drag comes from the water flowing over the hull. If the bottom of a boat is allowed to become fouled with barnacles and marine growth, it will create more drag. That means that it will be slower than a boat with a perfectly smooth bottom. 

There are also other sources of drag to think about. For example, many sailors replace their standard propellers with feathering or folding ones, which produce less drag while sailing.

Rough seas are a fast boat’s worst enemy. The action of pounding through lump seas causes the boat’s speed to stop and start, and as a result, it will have difficulty maintaining a fast speed. In these cases, the average speed is used for planning purposes because the speed climbing “uphill” will be slow while the speed surfing down waves will be ridiculously fast. 

We already know that one way to go faster is to buy a longer boat. So how else can the speed of a boat be made faster? Here are three ways.

Modern Hull Designs

Old-school designs typically had larger underwater profiles like full-keel designs. Compared to modern race-inspired boats, which feature spade rudders and deep fin keels, the shape of these boats creates much more drag. The result is that modern designs sail faster in light winds. 

Another factor that affects the speed of a boat is the shape of the hull itself, not just the keel. The deeper a hull is, the harder it is to get it to push over the bow wave, even a little bit. As a result, a flat and shallow bottomed sailboat can surf down waves and skip over its bow wave, given enough wind. 

It’s this simple design philosophy that has so affected cruising sailboat design over the last few decades. As a result, most cruising boats have become mirrors of racing boats from years past—round, flat bottoms and fin keels. 

Most cruising multihulls are displacement hulls like monohull sailboats, yet they can often sail much faster than their hull speeds. Why? They take advantage of a tiny loophole in the rules.

Multihulls use very narrow hulls, which can often cruise at speeds much faster than your standard displacement hull. For example, a catamaran can usually sail 20 or 30 percent faster than a monohull of the same size. 

Catamarans and trimarans also go fast by being lightweight. It takes less power to move a lighter object, so they can move much faster in light winds by keeping these boats light. In addition, multihulls do not require lead or iron ballast for stability as monohulls do. 

If built for performance, their structures and hulls are commonly made from high-tech materials like carbon fiber. Where monohull cruisers load their boats down with gear and supplies, multihull owners are typically much more careful about the weight they carry on board if they want to maintain their speed advantage.

Foiling Sailboats

The latest trend in the world of sailboat racing is the foil. These boats, both monohulls and multihulls, use underwater wings called hydrofoils to raise the hulls completely out of the water. Once “flying” on the foil, they are no longer bound by standard boating physics. 

For example, in the 2020 America’s Cup yacht races, foiling monohulls were used. The AC75 Class race boats are 75 feet long and able to reach speeds of over 50 knots. These new technologies make it possible to sail at up to three times the true wind speed. 

Matt has been boating around Florida for over 25 years in everything from small powerboats to large cruising catamarans. He currently lives aboard a 38-foot Cabo Rico sailboat with his wife Lucy and adventure dog Chelsea. Together, they cruise between winters in The Bahamas and summers in the Chesapeake Bay.

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Average Speed of a Sailboat (How Fast Can a Sailboat Go?)

Written by Anthony Roberts / Fact checked by Jonathan Larson

You might have seen how sailing yachts seem to outpace motorized boats in a regatta, prompting you to ask about the average speed of a sailboat. Although the record holder (the Vestas Sailrocket 2) can blitz to 65.5 knots, the run-off-the-mill sailing vessel can only reach four to six knots.

Several factors influence sailboat speeds, and we will examine each in this article. Please keep reading, so you will not miss the invaluable information you will get from this post.

Table of Contents

1. Hull shape

2. sailboat length, 1. alternative measurement, 2. converting knots to kph or mph, 1. hull type, tips to improve speed, frequently asked questions, how fast can a sailing vessel go.

Regatta-competing racing sailboats can reach a top speed of about 20 knots, while custom-built high speed racing yachts can log 50 knots. As mentioned, the Vestas Sailrocket 2 blitzes the waters at a dizzying 65.5 knots (75.38 miles per hour or 121.31 kilometers per hour).

On the other hand, the average sailboat in lakes and other bodies of water can only top the speed charts at seven knots (8.06 MPH or 12.97 KPH), averaging about four to six knots (4.6 to 6.9 MPH or 7.4 to 11.1 KPH).

An 1800s or 1970s sailing ship (i.e., galleon or clipper) has about the same speed as the average modern sailboat. However, it is worth noting that the Sovereign of the Seas logged the highest velocity for a sail-powered ship at 22 knots (25.32 MPH or 40.75 KPH) in 1854.

Meanwhile, the fastest sailing dinghy is the International Moth, blasting the waters at 35.9 knots (41.3 MPH or 66.5 KPH).

So, why the variance?

Two intrinsic (within the boat itself) factors impact the speed of sailboat units. These include hull shape and vessel length.

Racing sailboats are faster than cruising yachts because of their unique hull shape differences.

A sailboat built for speed has a super-slim hull and straight buttock lines. The aft section forms a straight line between the slightly wide transom and the hull’s lowest point.

Meanwhile, sluggish sailboats have a “fat tub” hull shape, a narrow stern, and a curvy hull.

There is a scientific explanation about the impact of sailboat size (or length) on its speed. Sailing vessels create a wave pattern as they move along the water, one at the front and another at the back.

A water wave sufficient to help the boat move occurs if the sailboat’s length is similar to the length of the wave. This phenomenon “lifts” the vessel’s bow, increasing its speed while reducing water resistance.

Hence, a longer sailboat will have a greater cruising speed than short vessels because they can create longer waves.

We prepared the following table to illustrate how vessel length impacts sailboat speed. Hence, a 40 ft. sailboat will always be speedier than shorter sailing vessels (<40 feet).

How to Calculate the Speed

You can use an online sailboat speed calculator, input the required variables, and the system will automatically run the equation. Alternatively, you can determine your sailboat’s average speed by following this simple formula.

Average yacht speed knots = (√(LWL))x 1.34

In which “LWL” is your sailboat’s length at the waterline

Suppose you have a 36-foot sailboat that measures 26 feet at the waterline. The square root of 26 is 5.099. Multiplying this number by 1.34 will result in 6.832 or 6.8 knots.

How about a 59-foot sailing vessel with a waterline length of 47 feet? The square root of 47 is 6.86. We will get 9.19 knots after multiplying 6.86 by 1.34.

Please note that this sailboat speed is the average, provided you have clear skies, calm seas, and an ideal sailboat setup.

For example, suppose we achieved 6.8 knots with 15-knot winds and a sail setup of 50- to 120-degree true wind angle. We can expect our sailboat example to be slower if we do not achieve these conditions.

You can also determine your sailboat’s speed by sailing from one point to another. However, you might have to ascertain the distance between these two locations beforehand, and it should be in nautical miles (NM).

Why nautical miles? We are measuring sailboat speeds in knots. One knot is equivalent to one NM per hour. It is worth noting that one NM is 1.15 land-based miles, to put it in perspective.

Take the known distance between the two locations (in nautical miles) and divide the number by the time it took you to complete the journey.

For example, suppose you sailed from Buffalo, New York to Detroit, Michigan, with a distance of 186.99 nautical miles, and it took you 23 hours to complete the journey. In that case, 186.99 divided by 23 hours is 8.13 knots.

You can also take your average sailing distance per day to gain a more comprehensive understanding of your sailboat’s speed. For example, a sailboat with a 6-knot average speed can cover 144 nautical miles in 24 hours (6 x 24 = 144).

Something might be amiss if your boat sailed for 24 hours and covered less than 144 nautical miles. You might have more favorable sailing conditions if you traveled the distance in less than 24 hours.

Sailors use “knots” as the unit of measure for vessel speed. Unfortunately, ordinary mortals are unfamiliar with this metric. They are more in tune with “miles per hour” (MPH) or “kilometers per hour” (km/h or KPH).

We mentioned that a nautical mile is slightly longer than a land-measured mile (1.15 statute miles). We also know that 1 NM per hour is 1 knot. Hence, we can multiply the “knot” value by 1.15 to determine your sailboat’s speed in MPH (miles per hour).

A mile is also longer than a kilometer (1 mile = 1.60934 kilometers). Thus, we can assume our KPH values will be higher than knots and MPH. We can multiply “knots” by 1.852 to get the value in KPH.

For example, a top speed sailboat blitzing at 50 knots has a maximum velocity of 57.5 MPH (50 knots x 1.15) or 92.6 KPH (50 knots x 1.852).

On the other hand, a 6.5-knot sailboat can only muster 7.475 MPH or 12.038 KPH.

Factors Affecting Sailboat Speed

Although we already discussed hull shape and vessel length’s influence on sailboat speed, three other factors can impact watercraft velocity.

Sailboats with at least two hulls (catamarans) are 25 to 30 percent faster than monohulls, given equal lengths.

Hence, if a single-hulled sailboat can go six knots, we can expect a catamaran to have an average speed of 7.5 to 7.8 knots (8.625 to 8.97 MPH or 13.89 to 14.45 KPH). This sailboat hull can match a racing monohull sailboat’s velocity with better comfort.

Add another hull to the catamaran (a trimaran), and you can outpace a racing monohull by doubling its velocity.

Although some sailboats have engines, most rely on wind power for propulsion. Hence, stronger winds can make a sailboat go faster by pushing against the sail. Unfortunately, wind direction can also influence vessel speed. You can go fast if the wind blows in your heading.

You might be inclined to believe that calm waters can make your sailboat go faster. Unfortunately, serene waters often mean gentle winds. And if there is not much wind to push the sail, you cannot expect your vessel to go faster.

Current, wind, and wave or sea condition is the most important factor in determining a safe vessel speed. If the water is rough, it is safer to reduce speed because bad weather can impair visibility and make it challenging to maneuver the vessel.

Here are some tips to improve sailboat speed.

• Ensure the sailboat’s proper operating condition, especially the mast, sail, and extrusions. Check the hull and foils.
• Be mindful of the sailboat’s maximum weight capacity, ensuring you do not exceed the rating. Moreover, the correct weight distribution can help you pilot the sailboat faster.
• You might want to brush up on your sailing competencies, including sail control, steering, sail angling, genoa and jib control, kite curling, efficient pumping, and wind positioning.
• Check your sailboat’s settings, including the shroud tension, mast rake, jib car position, mast step position, keel position, and vang tension.

Sailboat speed vs wind speed: which’s faster?

A vessel sailing faster than the wind is possible with a superiorly designed and streamlined hull and the correct sail angle. Otherwise, the sailboat will only be as fast as the wind speed on the sail.

It is also worth mentioning that sailboats with multiple hulls or a planing hull can be faster than wind speeds.

How fast can a sailboat go under power?

A sailboat under power can move on the water at an average velocity of four to five knots (nautical miles per hour) or 5 MPH (8 KPH). This is not very fast but not slow either.

Are catamarans or monohulls faster?

Multihulls (i.e., catamarans and trimarans) are faster than monohulls, averaging about nine to ten knots (10.35 to 11.5 MPH or 16.69 to 18.52 KPH). On the other hand, monohulls only average six to eight knots (6.9 to 9.2 MPH or 11.11 to 14.82 KPH).

The average speed of a sailboat varies across sailing vessel types, sailboat lengths, hull shapes, and hull types. Wind and waves can also influence sailboat velocity.

Given ideal weather conditions, the average sailing vessel can cruise at four to six knots. Custom-built, high-performance racing yachts can blitz the waters at up to 65 knots. Twin-hulled sailboats are 25 to 30 percent faster than their single-hull counterparts, while triple-hulls are super-quick.

Of course, everything depends on wave and wind conditions.\

Read more : The fastest speed of a boat.

Ten years of enjoying countless trips on boats never made me love them any less! So I am here to put all those experiences into good use for other boaters who want to have a safe and fun trip with their friends and families.

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Average Boat Speeds: Pontoon, Cruiser and Sail Speed Examples

How fast do boats go on average?

Is a fast boat the exception or the rule for average boat speeds? 

What horsepower can you realistically expect from the average boat purchase?

Well, these questions can be answered in lots of different ways.

The fastest boat speed record ever was 317.6 MPH. It   was achieved by a man named Ken War who was using a speedboat he named the  Spirit of Australia . To be fair, though, when that boat made its water speed record run back in 1978, it was powered not by a propeller but by a jet engine. Most boats don't go quite that fast (and we're thankful for that). 

Motorboats designed primarily for speed - known as rum-runners in decades past and often called cigarette boats (due to their slender shape) or simply go-fast boats today - can achieve speeds up to 90 MPH with relative ease over calm flat waters.

Even that's quite a bit faster than the average boat speed, and unless you're considering a career in smuggling  (which we don't recommend, by the way), it's probably quite a bit faster than you need to travel over the water.

So, let's talk about average recreational boat speed statistics that are a bit more practical.

Why Boat Speed Matters

Going fast in a boat can be lots of fun.

The enjoyment that comes from speed is a huge plus for adrenaline-seeking boaters. That's one reason why knowing how fast a boat goes is important.

It's also important to consider boat speed when you're getting a boat for water activities. Think about the types of activities for which your ideal boat will be used. You should even consider whether you live in, or want to enjoy your boat in,  high-altitude areas .

Even then, desired speeds can vary. The best speed for a towing activity such as  water skiing  can vary from 10 MPH to 35 MPH. Lower speeds are better for younger skiers and certain trick-skiing activities, and the higher speeds are for more experienced water skiers completing slaloms or jumps. 

As you can see, some action-loving boaters might need a craft with plenty of potential for speed to soar over those saltwater waves .

The fisherman who likes to slowly troll through calm waters or toss out a line and  an anchor, on the other hand, might do well enough with a boat that only cruises along at a top speed of 15 MPH.

If you use your boat for long trips, then balancing speed and fuel efficiency is important.

How you're going to be using your boat should inform the ideal average and top speed ratings of the boat you ultimately buy.

Don't just go looking for a super fast boat that you might not ever really take advantage of. What a waste that would be!

Average Pontoon Boat Speeds

The trusty, stable pontoon boat can travel a good deal faster than many people think.

Pontoon boat speeds  can surpass 30 MPH  under the right conditions. A few pontoon boats can even reach the 35 MPH mark thanks to larger engines and great conditions.

The G3 Suncatcher pontoon boat , with a 90 HP motor, can easily go more than 30 MPH .

A 20-foot Bass Buggy with a 60 HP engine, on the other hand, will only go around 15 MPH .

A middle-of-the-road option in terms of average pontoon boat speed is the 21-foot Triton pontoon boat  and its 90 HP engine. This boat's combination of speed and strength gives it a top boat speed of around 25 MPH even   when you have a few friends aboard weighing it down.

Average Cruiser Speeds

For cruiser-style motorboats that are in the price range of many American families, let's discuss a few options that give a good sense of average powerboat speed.

The Marlow-Pilot 32 has a relatively slow top cruising speed of 16 MPH , but its range at moderate speeds is the more remarkable thing about the vessel. It can travel more than 800 miles without re-fueling.

If you want a motorboat with a bit more speed, such as what a sport fisherman might need, consider the stats of the Pursuit SC 365i Sport Yacht . It can come close to 50 MPH at top speed and cruise comfortably in the 30 MPH range.

Finally, if you're wondering how fast larger motorboats go, the 40-foot Carver C40 Command Bridge cruises along at 30 MPH with ease and is suitable for use during multi-day trips.

Average Sailboat Speeds

Most people use sailboats because they savor the practice of harnessing the wind, not because they expect to go all that fast.

The average cruising sailboat, such as a celebrated Island Packet 420 , will sail along at an average speed of between 8  and 12 MPH  under most decent circumstances.

The world speed record of a sailboat is a bit faster than that, at just over 75 MPH . That breakneck speed was achieved by the  Vestas Sailrocket 2   in 2012.

And just for your interest, have you ever wondered how fast Columbus's ships sailed ? Experts agree that ships of the late 15th century likely cruised along at just under 4 knots and a likely top speed of 8 knots. That's an average boat speed of somewhere between 4 and  9 MPH . 

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Average Boat Speed and Fuel Consumption

Going fast in a motorboat is lots of fun but it can also be very expensive.

To help get a picture of the direct relationship of average boat speed to fuel used, let's select the Formula 240 Bowrider motorboat as our example. This affordable and capable 24-foot speedboat is a common favorite for American families.

At a steady cruising speed of 7 MPH, the 240 Bowrider consumes about 3 gallons of fuel per hour. At twice that speed, around 15 MPH, it consumes over twice the amount of fuel, burning up around 7 gallons per hour.

Double that speed again and the boat consumes 11 gallons of fuel at around 30 MPH. The Bowrider can go well over 45 MPH.

Many powerboats offer relative fuel efficiency at their mid-range speeds, so puttering along at only a few miles per hour isn't necessary for fuel savings. You can cruise at an enjoyable clip and still conserve fuel.

Laws About Boat Speed

It's generally rather easy to figure out the speed limit when you're driving on a road. All you have to do is look for the posted speed limit sign. Knowing boat speed regulations laws is a bit trickier.

The limits aren't always posted and can change based on a myriad of factors, including the type of waterway, time of day (or night), type of boat and more.

And what's more, a boat speed limit is rarely a specific numerical figure.

Once you're out on the open water of a sea, ocean or large lake, it's safe to assume you can take your boat up to its top speed provided you can see the way ahead of you is safe and clear.

Closer to shore - on a river, in the bay or in other such areas - you have to be a bit more cautious.

Generally, you must watch out for "no wake zones," which are enforced in many places, including near docks and marinas, in canals and near the shore in many cases.

To remain in compliance with a No Wake Zone rule, a boat must travel slow enough that it doesn't produce a swell large enough to threaten others in the area (including other boaters, swimmers, animals and so forth).

Most motorboats produce a noticeable wake at speeds greater than 5 MPH. Yes, navigating the way through a no wake zone can be an exercise in patience. But the rules regarding boat speed were designed to help keep all people out on the water safe, from the family enjoying a trip in their pleasure yacht to the fisherman casting a line off of his sit-on-top kayak.

Keep these considerations in mind when you're choosing your boat and taking it out for a spin to test its full speed.

• choosing a selection results in a full page refresh

Hull Speed Calculator

Table of contents

Welcome to the hull speed calculator . If you've ever seen a boat go so fast that its nose started rising, then you've seen the concept of hull speed in action. In this article, we'll explain what hull speed is and what it means for a ship's design. Later, we'll show you how to calculate hull speed with the hull speed formula, so that you can work out how to calculate hull speed for your own boat.

What is hull speed?

Hull speed is the speed at which a vessel with a displacement hull must travel for its waterline to be equal to its bow wave's wavelength. A displacement hull travels through water, instead of on top of it as a planing hull (like a kiteboard ) would, thereby displacing water with its buoyancy as it sails. The pressure that this displacement exerts on the water creates a wave; this wave is known as the vessel's bow wave . A slow-moving boat's bow wave might make small waves, but, as the boat sails faster, the bow wave's wavelength λ \lambda λ grows. When the wavelength meets the waterline length (that's also when the bow wave's first and second crests are at opposite tips of the waterline), the boat is said to be traveling at hull speed. Take a look at the picture below to see what we mean:

Why does hull speed matter?

Although it's not perfect, hull speed remains a useful concept that can help us answer questions about how fast a sailboat can go, and the optimal amount of thrust you need to keep a boat moving forward.

A boat's hull speed limits how fast it can travel efficiently. When traveling at hull speed, the boat's bow wave and stern wave have synchronized and constructive interference occurs, which allows the boat to move very efficiently. However, at speeds greater than hull speed, a vessel's nose automatically starts rising as the vessel tries to climb its bow wave. This process is called planing , and it wastes lots of energy. Trying to move faster than the hull speed will therefore require more and more thrust (whether that comes from sails, rowing, or engines) in exchange for smaller and smaller gains in speed as more energy is wasted angling the boat upwards. Hull speed can therefore be said to impose a flat limit on how fast a sailboat can go.

Shortcomings of hull speed

Although the physics behind hull speed is sound, it is heavily dependent on the hull's shape. Long and thin hulls with piercing designs can easily break their hull speed without planing. Such hulls are found on:

• Catamarans; and
• Competitive kayaks.

A hull's design can enable it to circumvent the workings of hull speed. It is for this reason that hull speed is not used in present-day ship design; naval institutions nowadays favor more modern measurements of speed-to-length ratio, such as the Froude number .

How to calculate hull speed

The formula for hull speed only needs the length of the vessel's waterline in feet, denoted as L waterline L_\text{waterline} L waterline ​ . With this length, the vessel's hull speed in knots can be calculated with

If you want to instead work out exactly how long your new boat's waterline must be for it to have a certain hull speed, you can invert the formula to obtain

How to use the hull speed calculator

The hull speed calculator is just as easy to use as the formula.

Enter your vessel's waterline length into the first field. This is the length of your boat's hull at the height of the waterline. Your vessel's hull speed will then be calculated and presented in the second field.

You can also use the hull speed calculator backward to work out how long a vessel's waterline must be if you know its hull speed.

You can freely change the units of your measurements without interfering with the hull speed formula.

How can I increase my boat's hull speed without changing its hull?

Load your boat heavier! If you think about a normal displacement hull, it's usually narrower near the bottom than at the deck. So pushing it down with some weight will lengthen the boat's waterline, and so its hull speed is increased. Of course, heavier boats are harder to move, so while your loaded boat now has a higher hull speed, you would need more power to move it.

Waterline length

The length of the ship at its waterline.

The speed at which the ship's waterline length equals its bow wave's wavelength.

Better Sailing

How Fast is a Laser Sailboat? Laser Sailboat Top Speed

A single-handed racing dinghy; it’s the Laser. The Laser dinghy’s most appealing feature is that it is protected by rigorous one-design class rules, which means that no changes to the boat are permitted unless it’s specified in the rules. As a result, whether a boat is brand new or ten years old, all Laser boats are nearly identical, allowing the sailor to win the race rather than the boat. The Laser is a difficult boat that rewards athleticism, sophisticated steering and trimming methods, and tactical mastery. Note that it’s a singlehanded Olympic class boat that is sailed at the club, national, and international levels by both men and women. It is the world’s most popular adult and junior racing sailboat, with over 200,000 boats in 140 nations. So, in this article, I will give information about the Laser boats as well as the speeds they can attain. So, keep reading!

The Laser Formula

The Laser Formula combines a single hull with three rigs: standard, radial, and 4.7. Young sailors who start out in the 4.7 can progress in rig size as they improve physically and tactically. They also don’t have to buy a new boat every few years. Because of the one-design protection, the Laser will never be obsolete. And, this explains why Lasers generally have high resale prices.

The Laser Formula also refers to the choice of rigs for different weights of people. It’s basically like having three boats in one. The Laser can be sailed easily in all wind conditions by modifying only the sail and lower mast. And it provides exhilarating yet controlled sailing for any sailor weighing as little as 35 kg.

So, the Laser Formula is a three-rigged sailboat that has been adopted by a number of sailing schools as a simple and cost-effective solution to keep sailing in all winds and reduce “downtime.” The Laser 4.7 has a 35 percent reduced sail area than the Laser Standard and a short pre-bent lower mast to maintain a balanced helm. It’s perfect for those learning to sail or those graduating from the Optimist class.

The next step up is the Laser Radial. It has a lower mast that is more flexible and slightly shorter, as well as a sail area that is 18% smaller than the Laser Standard. National and international regattas, as well as World Open and Youth Championships, attract as many countries and competitors as the Laser Standard Rig. The Laser Radial has large popularity among lighter weight sailors, as well as children, women, and masters racing.

Many countries now offer a comprehensive Laser Radial Youth program. The majority of national yachting authorities responded that the Laser Radial was their favorite youth boat in a study done by the International Sailing Federation. In moderate winds, any weight can sail the Laser Standard, but as the wind increases, it is better suited to heavier sailor weights. Apart from the significant second-hand market for Lasers with the Laser Standard rig, the lower mast and sails for Laser Radial and Laser 4.7 as a separate package from the hull have an even stronger second-hand market. Finally, a strong class association that actively promotes and advances Laser sailing around the world allows for mass manufacture of the Laser, lowering the cost of the boats and spares.

A Comparison of the Rigs

The Laser sailboat offers a variety of rig sizes, with the goal of making the boat sailable by a wide range of sailors and sailor weights. This happens by swapping out the lower mast section and leaving all other components the same. There are three different rig sizes now available. These are the ‘Standard,’ ‘Radial,’ and ‘4.7.’ Below is a graphic that compares the three rigs, and we’ll go through each one in detail in the next part.

Laser Standard

This is the most popular Laser rig size, as well as the one that came standard on the boat when it was built. It has a sail area of 7.06 square meters (about 76 square feet). The Laser Class approved a new ‘Standard’ sail in 2018, known as the ‘MKII’ or ‘Mark 2’ to differentiate it from the previous version. The difference is in the panels, among other things. Horizontal cut panels were used on the original ‘Standard’ sail. Note that radial cut panels are featured on the new MKII sail. Note that there is no size difference between these two variants. Moreover, all-new Laser Standard sails are now available in this upgraded version.

Keep in mind that when you look at the panels you can identify if you have a ‘Standard’ sail. It’s most likely a conventional sail if they’re horizontal. Then, you can measure the luff or the front edge of the sail along the mast sleeve. From the peak of the sail to the bottom, this measurement should be around 5130 mm or 200 inches. Note that the ‘Standard’ lower mast portion should be 2865 mm (113 inches) in length. In comparison to the two smaller mast portions, it is a rather sturdy mast section.

The Laser 4.7 (also known as the ILCA 5) is the smallest of the three Laser sails. It was firstly used for young sailors. The 4.7 lower mast part is one-of-a-kind because it features a pre-bend near the boom fitting. This makes depowering the sail considerably easier. This is the smallest Laser sail size, and if you have an ancient one, it’s unlikely it’s a 4.7 sail. The 4.7 sail has cross-cut panels, similar to the traditional ‘Standard’ sail. Many 4.7 sails also include a 4.7 logo on the material.

You can also measure the luff which is the front edge of the sail along the mast sleeve. From the peak of the sail to the bottom, this measurement should be around 4080 mm or 160 inches. Note that the lower mast part of the ‘4.7 features a pre-bend and should measure around 1810 mm (71 inches). The bend is the most obvious feature that distinguishes it from the others.

Laser Radial

The Laser ‘Radial’ sail, formerly known as the ‘M’ rig, is smaller than the ‘Standard’ sail, measuring 5.76 square meters (62 square feet). It was the only Laser sail at the time to include radial cut panels, which made de-powering the sail easier in strong gusts. Both the Standard and Radial sails have the radial cut design, as mentioned above for the ‘Standard’ rig. The blue panels at the tack and clew of the sail are another telltale sign of a Radial sail size.

Looking at the panels is the first and most obvious way to identify if you have a ‘Radial’ sail. It’s most likely a radial sail if they’re radial, as in radiating out from the center. From the peak of the sail to the bottom, this measurement should be around 4560 mm or 180 inches. Note that the lowest mast part of the ‘Radial’ should be 2262 mm (89 inches) in length. It’s also a little smaller than the usual portion in diameter.

Laser Sailing

Sailing on a laser differs significantly from sailing on other boats. There is no motor, paddle, or oars on a laser dinghy. To move your boat across the water, you must master the technique of harnessing the wind. It could be a calm breeze one day, making sailing a peaceful contact with nature. And then a violent gust the next, putting your talent in syncing your movements with the boat, the wind, and the water to the test.

The Laser dinghy is used in laser sailing, which is a popular water sport. Despite the boat’s simple design, Laser sailors and racers encounter a unique set of hurdles that necessitate specific physical abilities. Laser sailing requires a high level of fitness in order for a sailor to be able to handle the trekking and body-twisting skills that are required in sailing, particularly when sailing upwind.

Keep in mind that Laser radial sailing is often reserved for sailors of a lighter weight. The Laser Radial, as opposed to the Laser Standard, has a smaller sail and is chosen by many female laser sailors. The International Class Association, like the Laser Standard, has stringent supervision over the design. The size of the sail as well as the lower half of the mast are the only differences.

Different Wind Conditions and Laser Sailing

It’s all about getting your head out of the boat in light winds because even a small increase in wind speed results in a significant difference in boat speed. To maintain maximum water-line length, sailors place themselves well forward in the boat. In other words, their bodyweight must be just behind the centerboard. Not only is this faster, but it also gives the rudder a better feel with the bow in. In addition, it avoids the urge to produce too much leeward heel, which many people do only to obtain a greater rudder feel.

In medium winds, you just focus on the power. Meaning that you need to modify the sail controls to stay fully powered but not overpowering. This is especially crucial if you see a gradual increase or drop in wind speed during the race or course. So, it’s important that you hike “straight out.” To get the proper fore and aft trim with the waves, active body movement, or “kinetics,” is essential. Remember that if you spend most of your time leaning forward, you will most likely set too far back, and vice versa. You should spend approximately the same time for forwarding and backward body movements.

In strong winds, it’s natural to want to use as much power as possible, but this isn’t the same as making maximum upwind progress. Holding on to too much sheet will actually reduce your velocity, whereas loosening the sheet will not only maintain the boat flat. It will also assist it to accelerate in the wind rather than just heeling over and slide sideways. You may feel as if you’re pointing at the boat to leeward if you bear away somewhat. But in really strong gusts, you’re probably retaining your height better. The Laser will slip less sideways if it maintains its pace. As a result, sailing “fast and low” is frequently effective here. The most important suggestion is to maintain a steady heel angle. If the boat “staggers” upwind, it is not only slow, but it also means you are putting in the extra effort.

>>Also Read: How To Sail Single Handed

How Fast Do Laser Sailboats Go?

The fastest recorded speed for a laser sailboat is 18.6 knots. The fastest recorded speed was at 18.6 knots in 2017 in the United Kingdom. The previous record was set in Honolulu in 2009, when the Laser reached a speed of 16.8 knots. Mark Denzer of Honolulu, Hawaii, has held the official Laser sailboat speed record of 16.8 knots since January 16, 2009. High wind warnings, civil defense alerts, state government closures, and gusts up to 60 knots made for a great day for Laser sailing on this record-breaking day. However, the wind never went beyond 30 knots during the record-breaking attempt.

In gusts of approximately 15 mph, you can typically get the full-rig to plane (reaching) if you’re lightweight. Even at lesser wind speeds, it’s possible. However, by today’s standards, the Laser is hardly a fast boat; a Hobie 16 would be faster. And GPS-recorded speeds can sometimes be inaccurate. Without going into the technical gritty of how a GPS device measures velocity, it’s important to distinguish between instantaneous speed (for example, down a wave) and speed maintained over some specific distance. As a side note, ‘official’ speed records are set over a 500-meter course. Keep in mind that the upper wind strengths for a Laser are in the 30-40 mph range.

Using a GPS, you can record some incredible speeds. These speeds, of course, do not stay long because they are caused by position variations in the GPS system. That’s why GPS’s average speed over time is so important. As a result, it is dependent on how this speed was measured, under what conditions, and for how long.

In a medium breeze upwind, most laser sailors will attain a hull speed of just under 5 knots, which is why you’ll often see the crew condensed at the windward mark in a specific range of wind. When the breeze is steady, with minimal shifts and a consistent velocity, the leaders in the crew have a lot less to work with. And, the sailors further down the crew have fewer external inputs, so they make fewer mistakes. You can see how, once everyone hits maximum hull speed, most boats sit at the same speed upwind with little opportunity to break through that barrier.

In lighter winds, more skilled sailors will make better use of the available wind energy. And, as a result, maintain higher average speeds around the course than sailors further down the crew who move around too much. They also have a sail set up in a less-than-optimal shape and steer in such a way that energy isn’t converted into forward drive as efficiently.

In severe winds, on the other hand, expert sailors can now sail upwind at hull speed almost constantly. However, there’s the exception of brief times when tacking or navigating through a tough area of water. And they will occasionally exceed it through steering technique and very powerful hiking, allowing the boat to surf or semi-plane for short periods of time. But, further down the fleet, this additional wind, and wave energy becomes a hindrance. So, the boat and sailor will begin to fight it as they deal with increased weather helm. The water will constantly come over the bow, gusts will knock you sideways instead of straight ahead, and so on.

>>Also Read: Best Pocket Cruisers Under 20 Feet

Laser Sailing Upwind

Balance is the key to sailing upwind. The more balanced your boat is, the faster it will travel. You have three tools to regulate the boat speed, just as the pro sailors. The first step is to trim your sail. It is critical that your sail is properly set up. When your sail is properly set, the Laser’s balance should be great. Bear in mind that sailing is a very dynamic sport in which conditions can change rapidly. Meaning that the balance in your boat will change every time the wind strength or direction changes. So, the balance in the Laser will get disturbed every time you hit a tiny or larger wave. And, in order to maintain balance, you have to counteract the boat’s movements.

Your rudder is the second thing you’ll need to keep your Laser balanced while sailing. The rudder can be used to offset disruptive conditions like wind and water. So, you can use the rudder to change course when the wind direction changes slightly. Like this, the pressure in the sail remains constant and your boat remains balanced. You may also use the rudder to balance the boat when it hits a wave. Your bodyweight is the third and last option for balancing the boat. When the boat’s nose starts to rise due to a wave, you have to proceed forward. But, move back as soon as the wave passes and the boat wants to continue down again. This minimizes the disturbance in your Laser and maximizes the boat’s balance. The faster you go, the better balanced your Laser is.

Offshore, the wind can be quite shifty depending on the course’s proximity to the coast. This is sometimes exceedingly close due to stadium racing so that the audience can watch from the shore. This involves taking advantage (and tacking) on every shift in classes like the Laser, which tacks quickly. The angle at which you sail to the windward mark varies a lot. Keep in mind that this will necessitate quick sailing.

Onshore there may be huge waves, as well as a more steady wind, depending on the strength of the wind and the depth of the sea. At this point, we’re focusing on tack minimization since the wind is more likely to be stable, and it takes longer to get up to full speed. In other words, the potential tack loss is much higher. To ensure you can exit with maximum speed, you must choose where to tack extremely carefully. This applies both in terms of the shift and layline, and especially where you tack on the wave.

Laser Sailboat Top Speed – The Bottom Line

So, it is possible for a Laser to hit 20 knots for limited periods of time. These can be when going down the face of a wave. Who among us hasn’t sailed down a wave in 20+ mph only to have the boom swing into the centreline with an unloaded sail? Much more than 20 knots, though, is quite rare, as as you reach higher winds, such as around 30 knots. This is because the sail will stay out and always have some load on it, even on a huge offshore wave.

When sailing upwind, the best Laser sailors in the world all have the same goal in mind. They have, however, mastered the art of perfecting this technique. They are quite proactive in addressing all of the minor variables. As a result, their modifications are smaller, the balance is improved, and the boat moves faster. You may, however, learn to sail the laser as balanced as the experienced guys do so.

In general, I’ve found that the sustained boat speed is usually around 1/2 the wind speed, up to about 10-12 knots. In 15 knots of wind, the Laser will do 7-8 knots, and in 20 knots, it will do 10 knots. Around 6-7 knots boat speed, it appears to come up onto a plane. As it approaches 10 knots, steering becomes more challenging in order to keep the sail full and pulling. It also prevents being hit by a wave that knocks the boat speed down much or causes you to lose excellent sail trim.

Note that any “lash” (free movement) between the tiller and the rudder creates a serious challenge in trying to preserve accurate control of heading. So, trim and consistent power, and the boat direction becomes increasingly responsive to waves and harder to control. As the Laser approaches 12-13 knots through the water, it gets increasingly difficult to maintain the pace for an extended period of time.

Overall, a Laser will cruise at close to hull speed upwind as soon as the wind picks up enough to get the boat moving. Also, in planing conditions, 10+ knots beam reaching and close to that speed downwind regularly occur around a course. I hope this article gave you the answers and necessary information you wanted to learn.

I wish you all safe, pleasant & fast sailing!

Peter is the editor of Better Sailing. He has sailed for countless hours and has maintained his own boats and sailboats for years. After years of trial and error, he decided to start this website to share the knowledge.

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Climate change and boat strikes are killing right whales. Stricter speed limits could help them

• Emily Jones, Grist

This story was originally published by Grist . Sign up for Grist’s weekly newsletter here .

Amid a difficult year for North Atlantic right whales, a proposed rule to help protect them is one step closer to reality.

Earlier this month, a proposal to expand speed limits for boats — one of the leading causes of death for the endangered whales — took a key step forward: It’s now under review by the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the last stage of federal review.

Fewer than 360 of the whales remain; only about 70 of them are females of reproductive age. Every individual whale is considered vital to the species’ survival, but since 2017 right whales have been experiencing what scientists call an “unusual mortality event,” during which 39 whales have died.

Human actions — including climate change — are killing them.

When the cause of a right whale’s death can be determined, it is most often a strike by a boat or entanglement in fishing gear. Three young whales have been found dead this year, two of them with wounds from boat strikes and the third entangled in gear. One of the whales killed by a boat was a calf just a few months old.

Climate change, meanwhile, has disrupted their food supply , driving down right whale birth rates and pushing them into territories without rules in place to protect them.

“Our impacts are so great right now that the risk of extinction is very real,” said Jessica Redfern, associate vice president of ocean conservation at the New England Aquarium. “To be able to save the species, we have to stop our direct human-caused impacts on the population.”

This is not the first time humans have driven North Atlantic right whales to the brink of extinction .

Their name comes from whaling: They were known as the “right” whale to hunt because they spend time relatively close to coastlines, often swimming slowly and near the surface, and they float when dead. They also yielded large amounts of the oil and baleen whalers were after. So humans hunted them to near extinction until it was banned in 1935.

Many of those same characteristics are what make right whales so vulnerable to human-caused dangers today. Because they’re often near the surface in the same waters frequented by fishing boats, harbor pilots, and shipping vessels headed into port, it’s easy for boats to collide with them.

“They’ve been called an urban whale,” said Redfern. “They swim in waters that humans are using; they have high overlap with humans.”

To reduce the risk of vessel strikes, ships over 65 feet long have to slow down during set times of year when the whales are likely to be around. In the southeastern U.S., the speed limits are in force during the winter when the whales are calving; off the New England coast, the restrictions are in place in the spring and summer when they’re feeding. Regulators can also declare voluntary speed restrictions in localized spots if whales are seen, known as dynamic management areas.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA, in 2022 proposed expanding those restrictions in three ways.

First, the new rule would cover larger geographical areas. The protection zones would extend down the coast from Massachusetts to Florida at various times of year, instead of only applying in certain distinct areas.

Second, the change would apply the speed limits to smaller craft like fishing boats, rather than only ships over 65 feet.

Third, the new rule would make the speed restrictions — the temporary speed limits where whales have been spotted — in dynamic management areas mandatory.

Since NOAA published and gathered feedback on the proposed rule in 2022, whale advocates have been clamoring for the agency to implement it. Those calls have increased in recent months as dead right whales have washed up on beaches.

“There have been three deaths, and that has been really devastating this year, and two of them are related to vessel strikes,” said Redfern. “It’s just highlighted that absolute urgency, the necessity of getting this rule out.”

A leading boating industry group is speaking out against the expanded speed restrictions, arguing they could hurt small businesses in the recreational boating industry.

“We are extremely disappointed and alarmed to see this economically catastrophic and deeply flawed rule proceed to these final stages,” said Frank Hugelmeyer, president and CEO of the National Marine Manufacturers Association, in a statement. “The proposed rule is based on incorrect assumptions and questionable data, and fails to distinguish between large, ocean-crossing vessels and small recreational boats.”

Right whale scientists have documented in recent years that small, recreational boats can injure and kill right whales. At least four of the lethal vessel strikes since the current restrictions began in 2008 have involved boats smaller than 65 feet and thus not subject to that speed limit, according to Redfern.

NOAA estimated that, based on the size and placement of the propeller wounds, the boat that killed the months-old calf this year was between 35 and 57 feet in length — too small to fall under the existing speed restrictions, but subject to the new rule if it were to be implemented.

In his statement, Hugelmeyer also pointed to new marine technologies aimed at detecting right whales in the water to reduce vessel strikes without expanding the speed rules.

Scientists like Redfern remain skeptical, though.

The tech “offers a lot of promise,” she said, but the speed limits are proven.

“It’s really important, I think, that we rigorously evaluate the technology that’s proposed to make sure that it is going to achieve the same type of risk reduction that we see with the slowdowns in expanded areas,” she said.

Many groups, meanwhile, have raised concerns that offshore wind turbines could harm whales. There is no evidence of that, according to NOAA.

This article originally appeared in Grist ,  a nonprofit, independent media organization dedicated to telling stories of climate solutions and a just future. Learn more at Grist.org

More from WBUR

How Fast Do Catamarans Go?

Last Updated by

Daniel Wade

August 30, 2022

‍ Catamarans are known for their speed, and some vessels are fast enough to break world sailing speed records.

Catamarans can go between 15 and 30 knots, with the fastest achieving speeds well in excess of 60 knots. Sailing catamarans are sometimes twice as fast as monohulls and cut through the water with greater efficiency.

In this article, we’ll cover how fast catamarans can go based on factors such as size, sail area, and design category. Additionally, we’ll compare catamaran speeds to monohulls and trimarans and cover the reasons why multi-hull sailboats blow monohulls out of the water.

We sourced the information used in this article from sailing guides and hull speed calculations. Additionally, we sourced information directly from the manufacturers of common catamarans.

Table of contents

‍ Catamaran Speed by Type

Catamaran design can be split into different categories. After all, different vessels are designed for different tasks, as speed isn’t always the most important design consideration.

The fastest type of catamaran is the ultralight racing catamaran. These vessels have extremely narrow hulls and a remarkable planing ability. They’re designed to pierce waves and often achieve speeds in excess of 45 knots or greater, depending on conditions.

The second fastest catamaran variety is the sport catamaran. Sport catamarans often include a fairly good level of creature comforts in the cabin. They’re technically hybrid designs, because they are envisioned as a combination between a racer and a cruiser. Sport catamarans can achieve 30 knots or greater.

Cruising catamarans are designed primarily for safety and comfort. They’re often used for long offshore passages, where speed is important, but comfort is king. Despite their accommodations, cruising catamarans can still achieve a respectable 15 to 20 knots of speed—sometimes 50% faster than similarly-equipped monohulls.

Why are Catamarans So Fast?

Catamarans are remarkable vessels that can achieve amazing speeds. As a result of their unconventional design, typical calculations for hull speed (such as those used for monohulls) don’t always apply.

But what makes catamarans so much faster than equivalent monohulls? The first and most obvious speedy design element are the hulls themselves.

Catamarans don’t have a deep keel or a centerboard. This is because the second hull acts as a stabilizing device, and it helps the vessel track straight. The lack of a keel reduces weight (and equally important). It also reduces drag.

Additionally, catamarans behave in strange ways while underway. The hulls have a tendency to rise out of the water further the faster they go. This further reduces drag and makes it easier for the vessel’s speed to climb once it starts to move.

One additional characteristic is how the vessel’s sails point relative to the wind. Catamarans keep their sails perpendicular to the wind, which allows them to harness energy more efficiently. This is because, at a perpendicular angle, less wind energy is lost by spillage over the edge of the sails.

Are Catamarans Faster than Monohulls?

Yes, catamarans are typically faster than monohulls. They’re also a lot more stable, as their spaced-out hulls provide better motion comfort in rough seas. Catamaran hulls are narrower than monohulls, which also reduces drag and increases speed.

Catamaran vs. Monohull Speeds

We know that catamarans are faster than monohulls in most situations. But how much faster are they? Here’s a table of hull speeds for monohulls, which is a useful reference when comparing speed. Hull speed isn’t the absolute fastest that a boat can go, but it’s a good practical estimate for understanding the hydrodynamic limitations of single-hull designs.

Hull speed calculations for catamarans are more complicated. This is because catamarans have a greater length-to-beam ratio. And due to their narrow hulls and open center, they aren’t affected by the same hydrodynamic drag forces that monohulls are limited by.

For example, a 55-foot monohull sailboat with a waterline length has a hull speed of 9.4 knots or 10.9 mph. Its actual speed could exceed that in the right conditions, but rarely by more than a few knots.

Compare that to an efficient 51-foot catamaran, which can easily achieve speeds in excess of 20 knots in reasonable winds. That’s more than double the hull speed of a monohull with a similar waterline length and proves that catamarans operate under a completely different set of rules.

Wave Piercing

One aspect of catamaran design that makes them superior speeders is their ability to pierce waves. Specially designed catamarans have minimal buoyancy at the bow, which allows them to slice through waves instead of going over them.

This increases the speed at which catamarans can cover the distance. Think about it—a boat going over a wave has to use more energy to reach the same destination, as the height of the wave almost makes the distance further.

It’s like walking over a hill or on flat ground—you’ll take more steps walking up and down the hill than in a straight flat line. Wave piercing catamarans enjoy better stability, and they ‘take the flat road’ to a greater extent than monohulls.

Do Catamarans Plane?

Planing is when a boat’s hull rises out of the water due to hydrodynamic lift. This increases speed and efficiency, as there’s less drag but sufficient contact for stability. It also reduces rolling, as the bow only contacts the taller portions of the waves.

Catamarans have planing characteristics, but they generally don’t plane as dramatically as powerboats. This is still worth noting, as catamarans are specifically designed to use the phenomenon of hydrodynamic lift to gain speed and efficiency.

You’ll visibly notice a catamaran’s hull rising out of the water as it increases in speed. Compare that to a displacement monohull design (such as a classical cruising sailboat with a deep keel), which won’t rise out of the water in any significant way.

Are Catamarans Faster than Trimarans?

A trimaran is a catamaran with an additional hull in the center. Trimarans are usually less common than catamarans, but they have some of the same design benefits as other multi-hull sailboats.

At first glance, it would seem logical that trimarans are slower than catamarans. After all, they have an extra hull in the center, which likely increases weight and drag. However, there are more important factors at play here.

Trimarans are almost universally faster than catamarans. This has to do with weight distribution. Trimarans center their weight over the middle hull, using the outer hulls primarily for stability. This allows them to reap the benefits of a catamaran while increasing the efficiency of the wind power it captures.

Fastest Catamarans

Catamarans are popular for racing. There are several world records held by catamarans and numerous production boats with especially impressive speed-to-size ratios. Here are a few of the fastest racing and production catamarans ever built.

Fastest Sailboat Ever—Vestas Sailrocket 2

The Vestas Sailrocket is a specialized racing boat designed only for speed. This incredible vessel is actually the fastest sailboat ever built—and no wonder it’s a catamaran. A monohull simply can’t achieve record-breaking speeds when put head-to-head with a lightweight multi-hull.

The vessel, which earned the world sailboat speed record in 2012, has a modest 150 to 235 square feet of sail. Nonetheless, it managed to achieve a remarkable top speed of 65.45 knots in only 25 knots of wind. That’s about 72 miles per hour—in a sailboat.

Soon, a team of Swiss engineers will release their own version designed to beat the 65-knot speed record. Their vessel, which is a hydrofoil, will attempt to hit an incredible target speed of about 80 knots.

Outremer Catamarans

But what about production catamarans? How do they stack up, and how fast can they go? French boat builder Outremer Catamarans builds some of the fastest production catamarans ever built. These are not specialty racing boats—in fact, they’re average-sized cruising catamarans.

Let’s use the larger Outremer 51 as an example. This high-end cruising cat is known for its almost outrageous speed capabilities. In ideal conditions, owners of the Outremer 51 have reported speeds exceeding 20 knots for extended periods.

That’s a production catamaran with speeds that rival 20th-century warships. With such a fast boat, the world’s oceans start to appear a lot smaller. Plus, the genius design of the Outremer 51 allows it to be crewed by just two people.

But how do Outremer catamarans achieve such high speeds? The secret is in precise engineering and hull design, along with a sail plan that’s perfectly catered to the vessel. The hulls are sleek and narrow and designed to cut through the water with minimal drag.

From the bow, the Outremer 51 hulls look paper-thin. They increase in width gradually, which eliminates areas of sudden drag. These narrow hulls evenly distribute the vessel’s 21,825-lb displacement. Its low-buoyancy bows reduce drag and blast through waves instead of riding over them.

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I've personally had thousands of questions about sailing and sailboats over the years. As I learn and experience sailing, and the community, I share the answers that work and make sense to me, here on Life of Sailing.

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Tesla Cybertruck

Tesla cybertruck resale market loses all momentum.

Tesla Cybertrucks were getting more than twice their value on the resale market just a few weeks ago, but the electric pickup truck has now lost all its momentum in terms of resale value.

The automaker has taken actions to try to limit the Cybertruck resale market .

Tesla added a “no resell” clause for early VIN Cybertrucks, threatening to sue for $50,000 (or more) and added that it may not sell the sellers any future vehicles.

As far as we know, the company hasn’t sued anyone yet, but we recently learned that Tesla did blacklist some people who sold or tried to sell their early Cybertrucks.

We thought that these actions would limit the availability of Cybertrucks for sale and boost pricing.

Sure enough, we noted that an early Cybertruck sold for $244,000 last month, but prices are now dropping like a rock.

Resellers are having issues turning them for a profit now.

John Clay Wolfe, president of GIVE ME THE VIN, a large car wholesaler and one of the main people behind Cybertruck resales, says that the market is dropping for the Cybertruck.

Wolfe says that his companies sold two Cybertrucks for $195,500 and $189,000 two weeks ago. 

Last week, he sold one for $175,000 and earlier this week, he sold one for $171,000.

Wolfe commented:

“So for anyone paying attention, the market continues to go down on the Cybertruck.”

Hilariously, a reseller recently posted a video of Ji’Ayir Brown, safety for the San Francisco 49ers, coming to buy one for sale for $230,000.

The reseller came down to $220,000, but Brown’s business insider shut that idea down real quick:

@georgejsaliba Ji’Ayir Brown – San Francisco 49ers Safety comes to see our cybertruck! #cybertruck #49ers #nfl #football #tesla ♬ original sound – George Saliba

A Cybertruck currently offered at an auction on Cars and Bids is also stuck at $155,000 for a while now:

With still just over 20 hours to bid, it might still go up, but it’s going to be harder with recent prices.

Electrek’s Take

Top comment by lee.

At least you know it's never been owned by a farmer and done any hard work.

It sounds like a few people managed to make a decent payday flipping the Cybertruck, but it didn’t last long.

At those prices, it is becoming harder after taxes and middlemen, which are often required at those prices.

It’s not too surprising, considering Cybertruck will not be a collector’s item. Currently, Tesla plans to produce 250,000 Cybertrucks per year, so it will eventually become a somewhat common vehicle.

There are still a lot of reservation holders, although for lower-priced trims, and it is very novel at the moment, so it makes sense that some people would be willing to pay a premium to get it sooner, but it looks like that pool of people is already getting exhausted.

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See the damage from Karen Huger’s DUI crash

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Karen Huger’s high-speed DUI crash caused extensive damage to the side of a road in Potomac Tuesday night.

Images obtained by TMZ show the exact location where Huger, 60, swerved off the road and totaled her luxury 2017 Maserati.

She struck a median and a crosswalk sign at an intersection before colliding with a tree, leaving tire marks on the grass.

The photos also seemed to indicate that her car took a chunk of bark from the tree during the crash.

The “Real Housewives of Potomac” star was charged with driving under the influence, Page Six previously confirmed.

The Bravolebrity is also facing a driving while impaired by alcohol charge, both of which will require court appearances.

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Huger’s rap sheet also features six traffic violations related to negligent and reckless driving, speeding, driving with a suspended registration and failure to notify the Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration of her change of address.

Fines for the aforementioned charges range from $50 to $510.

TMZ reported  that the reality star was coming home from dinner with a friend where they were discussing “serious topics” prior to the crash.

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She was allegedly in tears while driving and reportedly claimed her emotions were running high when another vehicle headed toward her, which caused her to swerve off the road and lose control of the car.

A spokesperson for the Montgomery County Police Department in Maryland told the outlet that the entrepreneur was driving in an “aggressive manner” before totaling the luxe Italian vehicle.

Huger was arrested after she refused to take a breathalyzer test, Radar reported .

She was taken into police custody and slapped with a DUI before being released to her husband, Raymond Huger.

Huger has appeared on “RHOP” since its first season in 2016.

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Victorian ferry rescues children from boat after fears of fire off Queenscliff

Victorian school students have been rescued from a boat in Port Phillip this morning after its engine started smoking.

Police said 22 passengers, including school students, were in the boat off Queenscliff when a suspected engine bay fire broke out about 8:30am.

A ferry and a Parks Victoria vessel quickly responded a short time later and all passengers were safely evacuated onto the ferry.

Nobody was injured, a police spokesperson said.

A spokesperson from the school, Hamilton and Alexandra College, said a group of year eight and nine students were attending a two-day outdoor education camp in Queenscliff when the incident occurred.

"This morning, 20 students and two staff members were on board a snorkelling boat when the engine stopped working and a small amount of smoke was detected," the spokesperson said.

"As a precautionary measure, action was taken immediately to have all passengers calmly evacuated onto the Queenscliff-Sorrento Ferry."

The owner of the boat escorting the students, James Murphy, said the evacuation of was a standard procedure following a "very minor incident".

"Shortly after departure the skipper noticed a little bit of smoke coming from the engine room, he's then reverted back to our safety management system procedures," Mr Murphy told ABC.

"Part of those procedures is to ensure everybody on board are safe, so [the skipper] has called the local vessel … and they've collected the passengers while he ascertained what the challenge was.

"He was able to get the boat started again, no challenge, and driven it back to the harbour so we're treating it as a very minor incident."

Police said the exact circumstances surrounding the fire were still being investigated, but it was not being treated as suspicious.

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