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The one-design DN ice yacht is easy to transport, light, and relatively inexpensive. Carrying 60 sq ft/ 5.57 sq m of sail, it offers spirited performance and very competitive sailing. Ice yachters, from veterans to juniors, find the DN’s demands in competition a satisfying challenge. The DN has evolved into the world’s largest iceboat class with active sailors in 18 countries. A world championship regatta is held each year, alternating between North America and Europe. North American regions and European countries also host their own continental championships and regional events.

Why You Should Be Sailing a DN

“DN sailing has taken me around the world and introduced me to life-long friends – the very best people on the planet. If you make the effort to learn the sport, you can achieve results at any age, any gender, or any size. “

“I am fascinated by many things about ice sailing: the speed, the acceleration, the use of technology, and sports in nature with cold winter air. And of course, the large DN family with many friends is a reason to go ice sailing..”

“DN sailing has taught me everything – fast trajectories, apparent wind building, and much more. Sailing 5 times the wind speed has made me such a better sailor! And frankly, the spirit of the class, driven by passion, speed and friendship, is hard to beat. One of my favorite sailing boats, with absolutely no doubt ! It’s just like a drug, you become addicted at first sight!!”

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2024 DN Regatta Schedule

World Championship 50th Anniversary & European Championship Date: 3 – 10 February, 2024 Host Country: Europe, Lithuania Location: Lithuania or best ice in Europe. Email Contact: [email protected] Information: DN Europe idniyra.eu

North American Championship Date: 25 February – 2 March, 2024 Host Region: Eastern Lakes  Location:  Eastern Lakes or best ice in North America Email Contact: [email protected] Information:  DN North America idniyra.org

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Get a DN You’ve had a few rides and now you are hooked. Time to get your first boat. Ask your  friends for recommendations and start looking online. Used DNs are advertised on the following websites: DN Forum Four Lakes Ice Yacht Club Buy & Sell New England Ice Yacht Club Classifieds

New and used DNs are available from the following builders: Composite Concepts Moore Bro Co & CSI Composite Solutions Northwind Iceboats RKR Composites Williams Infusion

Become a Member By joining the IDNIYRA for a mere $25, you help the DN class to continue to thrive and promote the sport of ice yachting.  As a member, you will be part of a great, friendly and vibrant class.

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• European Championship TBD    idniyra.org
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Home - Blog - Ice Sailing 101: Mastering the Frozen Adventure in No Time

Ice Sailing 101: Mastering the Frozen Adventure in No Time

David Ciccarelli

January 26, 2024

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Ice sailing, or ice yachting, is an exciting winter sport that lets you experience the thrill of sailing while gliding across frozen landscapes. Wait, sailing on ice? That’s right! Imagine harnessing the power of the wind to glide across a frozen lake at high speeds, all while staying warm and cozy in your winter gear.

There are different types of iceboats you can try, ranging from small, one-person crafts to larger, crew-operated vessels. Some popular classes of iceboats you might come across include DN, Nite, Renegade, and Skeeter. Each class features unique designs and characteristics tailored to specific conditions.

When it comes to ice sailing hotspots, the Midwest is a notable region for this thrilling winter sport, especially around the states of Wisconsin (WI), Iowa (IA), Illinois (IL), and Indiana (IN). Among these places, Madison, WI holds a special place in ice sailing history, being home to the Four Lakes Ice Yacht Club , one of the most active ice boat clubs in North America with over 100 years of experience.

Here’s a quick rundown of what you can expect when ice sailing:

Wind: Just like traditional sailing, ice sailing relies on the power of the wind to move across the ice. A good breeze is essential to reach high speeds, but always make sure to monitor the weather conditions for safety .

Safety gear: Dress warmly and wear a helmet, goggles, gloves, and ice grips or cleats on your boots. Safety should always be your top priority on the ice.

Tactics: Much like soft-water sailing, ice sailing requires mastering certain skills such as tacking, jibing, and controlling the sail according to the wind direction.

Regattas: Ice sailing competitions, or regattas, are held during the winter season. These events test not only your sailing prowess, but also your ability to adapt to the unpredictable ice conditions.

So, grab your winter gear and let’s dive into the exhilarating world of ice sailing. In no time, you’ll be speeding across icy lakes and creating unforgettable memories. Who knows? You might even make some new frosty friends along the way!

Defining Ice Sailing: A Thrilling Blend of Speed and Skill

Have you ever wanted to experience the thrill of sailing, but with a cool twist? Well, ice sailing might just be the adventure for you! Just imagine yourself gripping the sails of an iceboat, letting the wind propel you across a frozen lake at exhilarating speeds. Ready to learn more?

Ice sailing, also known as ice yachting or ice boating , combines the elements of sail-powered watercraft with the dynamics of ice skating. At the core of an iceboat lies a single fore-and-aft spar, also known as the backbone, that provides support and stability. Attached to this backbone are thin blades, or runners, which glide effortlessly across the ice. It’s these blades that make it possible for iceboats to reach astonishing speeds while racing on frozen lakes.

Now, you might be wondering how to control such an adrenaline fueled vessel. Fear not, mastering the fundamentals of ice sailing is not as daunting as it may seem. Here are a few key aspects you’ll need to remember:

• Harness the wind: As with traditional sailing, using the wind to your advantage is crucial. Position your sail to catch the breeze, and you’ll be off in no time!
• Steer with your feet: Direct your iceboat using its steering runner, typically operated by foot pedals. It might feel a bit odd at first, but you’ll get the hang of it soon enough.

As with any sport, there are unique challenges to ice sailing. For example, the conditions on a frozen lake can vary greatly, with some areas having smoother ice and others being more uneven. It’s essential to keep an eye out for these variations and adjust your course accordingly.

One undeniable benefit of ice sailing is the sheer speed that you can achieve. In fact, iceboats can reach speeds up to four times faster than the wind speed thanks to their low-friction design. Conquering the ice at breakneck speeds while surrounded by serene winter landscapes is an experience like no other.

So why not give ice sailing a try? Not only will you develop a unique set of skills, but you’ll also make unforgettable memories on the frosty expanses of your favorite frozen lakes. Just remember to bundle up, stay safe, and embrace the thrill that comes with this exhilarating winter sport!

Brief History of Ice Sailing: From Ancient Origins to Modern Sport

Did you know that ice sailing has a long and fascinating history that dates all the way back to the 17th century? It began as a means of transport on the frozen Gulf of Riga and the canals of the Netherlands into the 18th century. Interestingly, the Dutch are considered the grandfathers of ice boating . They ingeniously attached a plank and runners to traditional sailboats to navigate their country’s frozen canals.

Iceboats started carrying cargo on Dutch canals during the 17th century. The basic design of an iceboat consists of a single fore-and-aft spar, also known as the backbone, which may be wide enough to have a cockpit. The iceboat sits on thin blades, called runners, which glide across the surface of the ice.

Over the centuries, ice sailing evolved from a practical means of transportation to a thrilling recreational activity and competitive sport. One of the major changes was the development of iceboats specifically designed for racing. These iceboats usually come equipped with three runners, making them faster and more agile on the ice.

Today, ice sailing is a popular winter sport in regions that have plenty of frozen lakes and waterways. Various clubs are dedicated to the sport, and they often meet monthly from October to May to build, sail, and race iceboats. They provide a friendly and informative environment for newcomers and seasoned ice sailors alike.

Understanding the Basics of Ice Sailing

So, you’ve heard about ice sailing and you’re curious about what it takes to glide along frozen lakes and rivers at exhilarating speeds. Look no further, as we’re here to give you the lowdown on this thrilling winter sport!

First of all, let’s start with the most important piece of equipment, the ice boat. Unlike regular sailing boats, ice boats, or ice yachts, are uniquely designed to smoothly glide on ice by having specialized sails and runners. The sails capture the power of the wind, propelling the boat forward, while the runners – think of them as blades or skates – provide stability and control on the icy surface.

To master ice sailing, you need to have a good understanding of wind dynamics and how to properly orient your boat to capture enough wind to generate thrust. Are you familiar with sailing downwind and how letting out the mainsail can trap air, pushing you along with the wind? Perfect, because that principle is essential for ice sailing as well!

Ice sailing has roots in Europe, where it has been practiced for hundreds of years. However, the sport has found a home in the United States too, with enthusiasts flocking to areas like the Hudson River, Wisconsin, and Michigan . These regions boast fantastic ice sailing conditions and communities that are excited to welcome newcomers to the sport.

To give you an idea of the excitement in store, ice sailing can be much faster than traditional sailing. In fact, some ice boats can reach speeds of up to 100 mph! Hold on to your hats (and maybe a warm scarf), as that kind of speed will surely make your adrenaline spike.

Now, get out there, brave the cold, and try your hand at ice sailing! Who knows, you might just find your new favorite winter pastime.

Ice Yachts Explained: Design and Dynamics

Ice yachts, or iceboats, are sailing crafts specially designed to glide across frozen surfaces on metal runners. One of the essential elements in their design is the steerable runner, which helps you navigate on ice with ease.

The DN class ice yacht is one of the most popular designs around, known for its affordable price and accessibility. Crafted with a triangular sail and relatively lightweight materials, it’s perfect for the wider ice sailing community. While DN class caters to beginners and recreational sailors, there are other ice yachts like Nite and Skeeter classes that cater to more experienced and competitive sailors.

Safety is vital in ice sailing, which is why most ice yachts incorporate features to ensure a secure and enjoyable experience. Some of these features include:

• Runners : Metal runners allow for smooth movement, stability, and control on the ice.
• Steerable runner : This special runner enables you to easily change directions and maintain control while cruising at high speeds.
• Mast and sail : Ice yachts have a mast and sail designed to handle icy conditions, often with airfoil-shaped battens to optimize aerodynamics.

The Role of Weather in Ice Sailing: Wind, Ice Conditions, and Safety Considerations

First things first, wind is your best friend during ice sailing. Since iceboats can achieve speeds of up to five times that of the wind, it is essential to know the wind conditions before setting sail. Take note of the wind speed and direction, as these will significantly impact your ability to control your iceboat. Steering and maneuvering become more challenging as the wind picks up, demanding extra care and attention on your part.

Ice thickness and quality are vital factors in ice yachting. Thicker ice is generally more stable, but it’s important to ensure there are no thin patches or cracks. Before taking to the ice, make sure to scout the area and check for any potential hazards. Keep an eye out for visible cracks and ice anomalies, as these could pose a risk while you’re sailing.

Safety should always be a top priority when it comes to ice yachting. So, here are some pointers to ensure a safe experience:

• Monitor weather conditions: Stay updated with the latest weather forecasts and avoid ice sailing during storms or extreme conditions.
• Dress appropriately: Layer up, with a focus on insulation and waterproof gear to keep you warm and dry throughout the day.
• Carry safety equipment: Equip yourself with essential items like a helmet, ice picks, a life jacket, and a whistle.

Essential Equipment for Ice Sailing: From Sails to Safety Gear

Sails : The most critical piece of equipment for ice sailing is, of course, your sail. Like regular sailing, the power comes from the apparent wind. Choose a sail specifically designed for ice sailing, as they are made to handle the unique conditions and work efficiently with the ice boat.

Iceboat : Make sure to have an iceboat properly rigged with the suitable blade and suspension system for the frozen surface. Look for a boat designed for ice sailing, offering stability, speed, and easy maneuverability.

Ice Thickness : Before taking to the ice, always check its thickness. A minimum of four inches is considered safe for ice sailing. Keep in mind that ice thickness can vary significantly over short distances, so check multiple spots.

Safety Gear : Your personal safety is crucial while ice sailing. Here’s a list of some essential safety items:

• Life jacket : Even though you’re sailing on ice, it’s still crucial to wear a life jacket in case of sudden capsizing or accidents.
• Helmet : Protect your head from potential impacts by wearing a sturdy, specifically designed sailing helmet.
• Warm, waterproof clothing : Dress for the cold weather, preferably in layers. Waterproof, insulating, and breathable garments provide the best protection .
• Gloves and boots : Look for waterproof and insulated gloves and boots designed for ice sailing.

Emergency Survival Kit : It’s always best to be prepared for emergencies. Here are some items to include in your kit:

• First aid supplies
• Emergency flares
• Extra dry clothing
• Safety knife
• Hand warmers
• Food and water

Now that you’re equipped with the right gear and knowledge, you’re ready to tackle your ice sailing adventure. Remember to always prioritize safety and stay aware of changing conditions on the ice.

Mastering the Basics: Steering and Sail Management

Steering an ice yacht, like the popular DN Ice Yacht, might seem intimidating at first, but fear not! The key to steering is understanding the wind and how it affects the sails. When sailing upwind, position your sails at an angle that captures the most power, while also keeping your boat slightly angled into the wind. Mastering tacking techniques will allow you to change direction with ease and maintain maximum efficiency.

Now, let’s talk about sail management. The sail plays a crucial role in powering your ice yacht, so pay attention to the following pointers:

• Downwind : When sailing downwind, loosen your sails to allow them to catch as much wind as possible. Remember, the goal is to be propelled by the wind pushing the sails.
• Upwind : In contrast, when sailing upwind, tighten your sails so that they’re at the optimal angle to harness the wind’s energy, propelling the yacht forward.

To ensure a great ice sailing experience, don’t forget to consider the following factors:

• Weather conditions : Icy surfaces work best for ice sailing, so make sure to check the weather forecast before heading out.
• Safety : Equip yourself with proper safety gear like helmets, life vests, and ropes. These can be lifesavers in tricky situations.
• Regattas : As you advance your skills, consider participating in regattas. They can be a competitive and refreshing way to put your expertise to the test.

Advanced Techniques: Maximizing Speed and Handling Challenging Conditions

Ice sailing, or iceboating, is an exhilarating winter sport that combines speed, precision, and passion. If you have some experience and want to up your game, here are a few advanced techniques to maximize speed and handle challenging conditions.

Tiller control : Your tiller is the key to steering and maintaining balance on your iceboat. Keep a gentle grip on it and make subtle adjustments to steer accurately. Remember, your iceboat can react fast to any changes, so avoid abrupt movements with the tiller.

Sail trim : Getting your jib and mainsail trim right can make all the difference in speed. In lighter winds, focus on promoting smooth airflow, while in stronger winds, prioritize a balanced setup for best VMG (Velocity Made Good). Keep experimenting to find the right trim that suits both the conditions and your iceboat’s handling .

Handling gusts : When gusts hit, be prepared to lean back and use your body weight to counteract the sudden increase in force. This will maintain balance and maximize speed. When the gusts subside, make sure to readjust your position.

Navigating Different Ice and Wind Conditions

Imagine yourself as a member of the Hudson River Ice Yacht Club or the Four Lakes Ice Yacht Club. You’re excited to participate in an ice sailing adventure with your fellow crew members. But before you hop into the cockpit, let’s talk about navigating different ice and wind conditions to ensure a fun and safe experience for everyone on board.

First and foremost, you should know your vessel’s capabilities. If it’s ice classed, that means it’s designed to withstand the pressures and challenges of icy waters. However, it’s essential to be cautious, as even ice classed vessels can encounter damage.

When it comes to ice conditions, always be vigilant for any changes that could impact your sailing. Navigating in ice-covered waters can cause delays, so make sure you have sufficient supplies, such as fresh water and fuel. Remember to keep moving, even if it’s at a slow pace. Work with the ice movement and weaknesses, rather than against them, to avoid unnecessary damage to your vessel.

Now let’s look at wind conditions. Superstructure icing can be a dangerous phenomenon that occurs when ice forms on your yacht’s structure, making it challenging to sail. Keep an eye on the temperature and wind force:

While sailing in these conditions, be mindful of your speed; excessive speed is a leading cause of ice damage. Get familiar with your vessel’s maneuvering characteristics and adjust your speed accordingly. At the same time, enjoy the camaraderie with your fellow crew members and the thrill of ice sailing.

Top Destinations for Ice Sailing Around the World

Ice sailing is an exhilarating sport that allows you to glide across frozen water at incredible speeds. With the right conditions and locations, you can have a thrilling experience on the ice. Here are some top destinations for ice sailing around the world.

Maine, USA : Maine is a fantastic destination for ice sailing enthusiasts. The long, cold winters provide ample opportunities for sailing on frozen lakes and ponds. Popular locations include Moosehead Lake, Sebago Lake , and Damariscotta Lake. Keep an eye out for local ice sailing events, like the International DN Ice Yacht Racing Association World Championship.

Sweden: Sweden is home to the International DN, one of the most popular ice sailing yachts in the world. The Swedish lakes and canals freeze during the winter, creating ideal conditions for ice sailing. Head to Lake Mälaren, Lake Vättern, or Lake Hjälmaren for some great ice sailing adventures.

Germany: Germany offers excellent ice sailing opportunities, with many lakes and canals freezing over during the winter months. Popular destinations include Lake Constance and Lake Müritz. Be prepared for a mix of calm and challenging sailings, as frozen canals can create narrow courses that require skillful maneuvering.

Canada: The entire country is known for its cold winters, which means plenty of ice sailing opportunities. You can find numerous frozen lakes and rivers to explore in provinces like Ontario , Quebec, and Manitoba. Keep an eye out for events organized by the International DN ice sailing communities in these regions.

Understanding Ice Quality and Safety: Thickness and Surface Conditions

Ice sailing can be a thrilling experience, but before you set your ice boat on a frozen lake, it’s essential to understand the ice quality and safety. The ice thickness and surface conditions are vital factors in ensuring your adventure is both enjoyable and secure.

Ice Thickness

Eager to try ice boating in the USA? First things first! Check the ice thickness. The thicker the ice, the safer it is for supporting the weight of an ice boat. Here’s a quick reference guide:

• 4 inches : Minimum ice thickness recommended for ice fishing or small group activities
• 5 inches : Suitable for snowmobiles and small ATVs
• 8-12 inches : Can support most small-to-medium-sized cars
• 12-15 inches : Recommended minimum for light trucks and iceboats

Remember, these numbers are for clear, blue/black ice, which is the strongest type. Slush ice has only half the strength, and river ice is approximately 15% weaker.

Ice Quality

Besides thickness, the ice quality plays a significant role in safety. Clear blue/black ice forms from the top down and is the most reliable type of ice. Now, let’s break it down into different types of ice you might encounter:

• Clear Ice : Also known as black or blue ice, it forms from top-down and is the strongest type
• White/Opaque Ice : Formed by wet snow freezing on the ice surface, it’s not as strong as clear ice
• Slush Ice : This indicates that ice is starting to melt, resulting in a significantly weaker structure

Surface Conditions

Before setting sail, inspect the ice surface for cracks, pressure ridges, and areas where water may seep through. You should also look for any signs of recent temperature changes or warm weather, which could compromise the ice’s integrity.

Famous Ice Sailing Races and Events

The Four Lakes Ice Yacht Club hosts a variety of prestigious races in Madison, Wisconsin. As one of the most active ice boat clubs in North America, they’ve been building and sailing ice boats for over a century. Joining this club will immerse you in a world of knowledge about different ice boat types, racing strategies , and more.

Now, feast your eyes on the following must-know events:

• The DN World Championship : This premier event is held annually and offers a fantastic opportunity for racing enthusiasts. Top sailors, including the likes of Tomas Lindgren, Oskar Svensson, and James “T” Thieler, attend this championship to showcase their skills.
• Green Lake Ice Yacht Club : Venturing into the Midwest, it’s impossible not to mention the prestigious Green Lake club in Wisconsin, which also hosts its fair share of ice sailing events. Harry Melges, a world-record holder, and ice sailor extraordinaire is a notable member of this club.

Fitness and Training: Physical Preparation for Ice Sailing

To best enjoy recreational ice sailing, you’ll want to build a solid aerobic base. Activities like running, cycling, and rowing are excellent ways to increase your cardiovascular endurance. If you’re able to, try incorporating land sailing into your routine – it’s not only a fun alternative, but it also helps build relevant skills for ice sailing.

Now that your heart and lungs are pumping, let’s not forget about strength training. Ice sailing demands both upper body and lower body power. Here are a few exercises to include in your workout plan:

• Upper body: Chin-ups, lat pulls, and inverted rows.
• Lower body: Single-leg squats, leg extensions, and leg curls.
• Core: Planks, sit-ups, and leg lifts.

Remember, a well-balanced exercise plan should not cause muscle imbalances. Mix these exercises up, and you’ll be well on your way to becoming fit for ice sailing.

Lastly, don’t underestimate the importance of agility and balance training. Ice sailing can be pretty fast-paced, so being nimble is crucial. Adding exercises like single-leg balance drills and lateral hops to your routine will give you that extra edge on the ice. And hey, why not throw in some yoga for good measure?

Before hitting the ice, make sure to properly inspect and prepare your ice sailboat. Inquiring about rigging services like Sailcrafters Loft and Rigging can be an easy way to ensure your equipment is ready for the adventure.

Now that you know how to physically prepare yourself for ice sailing, it’s time for you to slide into this exhilarating sport. So, bundle up and have a blast out there!

Mental Preparation: Strategy and Focus in a High-Speed Environment

Ice sailing is not just a test of physical skill, but also demands strong mental abilities. To excel in this high-speed sport, you need to be well-prepared mentally. You can do this by following some key guidelines .

Firstly, always stay calm and focused, no matter how fast the conditions are. In areas like the Netherlands and Lake Winnebago, where ice sailing is popular, blustery winds and freezing temperatures can be intense. Don’t let the cold and speed overwhelm you; instead, take deep breaths, and maintain your composure.

To stay sharp on the ice, it’s crucial to have a plan before setting sail. Keep these points in mind when strategizing:

• Safety precautions: Be aware of possible hazards on the ice, such as open water or other sportsmen.
• Wind conditions: Understand how the wind will impact your course and adjust accordingly.
• Strengths and weaknesses: Know what aspects of your technique need improvement, and focus on honing those skills.

While creating your plan, consider using these mental skills training techniques:

• Visualization: Picture yourself successfully completing your race or run on the ice.
• Positive self-talk: Encourage yourself with motivating statements like, “I’m ready” or “I can do this.”
• Set small goals: Break your race into smaller sections, focusing on one at a time.

So, lace up your ice sailing boots with a cool head, and maintain focus on your strategy to conquer the high-speed environment!

Essential Safety Practices and Emergency Procedures

So, you want to hit the frozen water and enjoy the thrill of ice sailing, but you also want to ensure your safety and be prepared for any emergency ? You’ve come to the right place! Let’s dive into essential safety practices and emergency procedures that will help you navigate your iceboat confidently.

First and foremost, respect the lake. Keep in mind that sailing the entire lake shore to shore in all directions is almost impossible. Open water, thin ice, expansion cracks, and ice heaves can all be potential hazards. To stay safe, always check the ice conditions before you set sail.

When it comes to tacking and jibing, maintaining control is the name of the game. Watch your sail, steer smoothly, and pay attention to your surroundings. Remember, iceboats normally travel upwind, so be prepared for sudden gusts.

A table of essential safety gear on your iceboat can go a long way. Here’s a list of must-haves:

When it comes to achieving maximum speed while ice sailing, keep an eye on your competitors, and make sure you have excellent visibility to avoid accidents. Keep your distance from other boats and watch out for potential obstacles on the ice.

In case of emergencies, you should always know where the through-hulls are and check them regularly. Make sure to have at least two big manual pumps (ideally diaphragm-type) on board that can be easily moved. Additionally, keep emergency repair materials handy (e.g., pre-drilled plywood, epoxy, plugs, etc.).

By following these safety practices and being prepared for emergencies, you can ensure that your ice sailing adventure is both exciting and safe. Now go ahead and enjoy the icy thrill of ice sailing!

Courses and Learning Resources for Beginners

So, you want to try ice sailing? Great choice! It’s an exciting and fast-paced sport that you’ll surely enjoy. But first, let’s get you prepared with some beginner courses and resources to ensure you have a smooth and safe experience.

NauticEd offers a comprehensive selection of sailing courses for both beginners and experienced sailors, which you can apply to ice sailing as well. You’ll learn the ropes, essential safety skills, and practical sailing techniques. Some other resources to look into are ASA 101 and RYA Day Skipper Theory which also provide great foundational knowledge.

To make your ice sailing experience even better, consider joining a local ice boating club. Not only will you meet others who are passionate about the sport, but you’ll also gain access to valuable resources, workshops, and instructors, like the Nite Class. Plus, nothing beats hands-on experience and learning directly from seasoned ice sailors!

As you dive into ice sailing, be aware of some crucial components, such as the Parking Brake which ensures your ice boat remains stationary when not in use. This will prevent any unintentional drifting and possible damage. And let’s not forget about the Runner Plank, an essential component that connects the runners and helps distribute your weight evenly on the ice. Without a well-made runner plank, your ice sailing adventure might not end so well.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the maximum speed of an ice boat.

Ice boats are known for their incredible speeds. In fact, they can reach astonishing velocities of over 140 miles per hour! This makes ice sailing an adrenaline-filled adventure on the frozen surface.

Which type of ice boats are most popular?

There are several types of ice boats, but when it comes to popularity, the DN class iceboat holds the crown. With its compact size and incredible maneuverability, this particular class has become the go-to choice for many ice sailors worldwide.

What are some ice sailing safety tips?

Safety is crucial when ice sailing. Here are a few tips to keep in mind:

• Always verify ice thickness and conditions before sailing.
• Dress appropriately for the weather, wearing layers and waterproof clothing to protect against cold and wet conditions.
• Make sure your ice boat is in good condition, with all safety gear (helmets, goggles, life vests) in place.
• Understand wind conditions and be aware of potential hazards like pressure ridges and open water.
• Familiarize yourself with right-of-way rules and navigation protocols to avoid collisions.
• Consider taking ice sailing lessons or joining a club to gain essential skills and experience from knowledgeable sailors.

administrator

David Ciccarelli, is the Founder and CEO of Lake. He is based in Toronto, Canada, and is an expert in management, business administration, strategy, product development, and customer experience. His educational achievements include the Owner President Management Program at Harvard Business School (2019-2022) and the QuantumShift Program at Ivey Business School in 2017, aimed at CEOs of growing businesses.

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One-Design Class Profile: DN Iceboat

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Boat of the Week: Inside a 165-Foot Ice-Class Explorer Yacht That Can Go Anywhere in the World

"i-nova," one of the first authentic expedition yachts, was built to see the world. now she's looking for an owner ready to make that happen., julia zaltzman, julia zaltzman's most recent stories.

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To paraphrase the late Ella Fitzgerald, “It isn’t where you’ve been; it’s where you’re going that counts.” And when it comes to I-Nova , the 165-foot explorer yacht built for “uncompromising adventure,” that place is anywhere in the world. Now, it needs to find that place—or many places.

Built in 2013, the first of the Cosmo Explorer series was an owner’s labor of love who planned to see the remote corners of the world. Unfortunately, that never happened. Now up for sale, the yacht is searching for an owner who will make most use of her expedition hull.

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I-Nova ‘s build team had a stellar international cast: A “Made in Italy” interior and exterior by Italian designer Cristiano Gatto. A Dutch collaboration between Vripack and Van Oossanen for the go-anywhere hull. The owner, planning to do an expedition series called the Cosmo Explorer, had the yacht built at Greek shipyard Megatechnica. Experts in the construction of commercial vessels, Megatechnica cut no corners during the five-year build process.

“The owner wanted to show what you could do outside of the Northern European shipyards,” Alex Banning, director at SuperYachtsMonaco, told Robb Report . “It was a project of his own doing, using best-in-class suppliers and builders.”

I-Nova showed her expedition-yacht pedigree on a trip to Greenland.  SuperYachtsMonaco

The result is an ice-class vessel equipped with some serious go-anywhere capabilities. Her vertical bow is hydrodynamically optimized to make her an efficient and long-range cruiser. The hull is reinforced with extra-thick steel plates specifically for polar expeditions. The propeller, sea chest, rudder, steering gear and seawater cooling systems meet ABS DO ice class requirements. And at 165 feet in length, though arguably compact for an explorer, her huge interior volume and shallow draft give her great versatility.

“When the first ideas and concepts emerged in 2009, I-Nova was right on the leading edge of the expedition sector of the market,” says Banning. “The owner wanted to keep it compact and practical, built like a hammer with as much of a silk glove as you can add, with all of those explorer capabilities.”

Included in that concept is what Banning refers to as the “opinion-dividing” rear deck built specifically to store a Fabio Buzzi 34 tender. The semi-enclosed rigid-hulled inflatable is a lasting testament to Buzzi, the owner’s friend, boat builder and racer who died last year in a speedboat crash. The Buzzi tender isn’t included in the sale, but it exemplifies the type of serious vessel that can be accommodated aboard  I-Nova , along with a 5-ton crane with a 30-foot outreach, a second tender and a full range of water toys. Only serious explorers would have space for that many tenders and toys.

The “Made in Italy” interior by Cristiano Gatto is modern, light and airy, a nice contrast to the buttoned-down exterior.  SuperYachtsMonaco

“Some people think the Buzzi takes up too much space, but the owner thinks, ‘I’ve built a deck to carry my boat wherever’,” says Banning. “He likes driving it into all the tiny bays and swimming, diving and snorkeling from it. That’s what you can do with a boat deck like that.”

The owner’s original intention was to build an expedition series under the Cosmo Explorer brand. The concept would offer unrestricted cruising on vessels ranging from 148 to 210 feet.

A beach club and dedicated dive room are located on the lower deck. A large terrace for evening drinks is found on the bridge deck. The observation deck offers panoramic views, as well as a covered exterior gym and spa pool. But the wow factor is reserved for the award-winning interior, which includes an extensive use of 50,000-year-old Kauri wood and a split-level master suite that can be used as an observation lounge, homeschooling room or even a cinema.

“Gatto took the lead on the project alongside the owner, which is why the interior and exterior gel so well, and the interior has a quirky yet hugely flexible layout,” says Banning.

Powered by twin MTU 16V 2000 M70 engines I-Nova offers low engine noise, low vibration and bags of autonomy. As Banning says, “she’s got great DNA.”

The yacht is for sale through SuperYachtsMonaco for $23.5 million. Check out its smart design below.

SuperYachtsMonaco

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ISA Regatta

Fastest sail powered boats on the planet, international skeeter association regatta.

The International Skeeter Association (ISA) was organized in the late 1930s and the first ISA regatta was sailed in 1940. Skeeters were developed on Geneva Lake in Wisconsin. They are piloted by a single skipper and steer from the front of the boat as opposed to the original iceboats which were crewed by two or more and steered from the rear.

The Skeeter is the “Formula One” of ice yachting, a wide open development class where state-of-the-art sailing is seen annually. The only restriction on the Skeeter builder is a 75 square foot sail maximum sail area. While the basic configuration for successful E Skeeters has long been established, significant design improvements have been developed within the Four Lakes fleet. Taller rigs and rear seat Skeeters designed and built by 4LIYC members Bill Mattison and Paul Krueger have brought world championship titles to Madison skippers. In 1989, New Jersey’s Dan Clapp took the ice boating world by storm with his first front-seater and dominated the ISA regatta during the 1990s. Skeeter builders are adept with high tech materials like carbon fiber, and Kevlar. The super powerful Skeeters are the fastest boats on the ice. Sufficiently committed skippers find the greatest challenge in these boats, where design, building, and maintenance skills share equal roles with sailing ability

Photo: Shane Lewis – Silverfoxviz – See all Northwest photos here

I NTERNATIONAL SKEETER ASSOCIATION REGATTA The ISA Race Committee has postponed the 2024 Regatta to December 2024. We will be looking for perfect early season ice like we had at Battle Lake Minnesota in 2018. Steve Schalk Secretary/Treasurer International Skeeter Association

WISCONSIN STERN STEERERS ASSOCIATION

The Wisconsin Stern Steering Association regatta has been postponed to December, 2024. Unfortunately this was a short season chasing thin ice. Being optimists, iceboaters always look forward to next season. Andy Gratton WSSA Secretary/Treasurer

Regatta Watch: 2024 ISA Postponed to March 8 – 10

by Deb Whitehorse | Feb 25, 2024 | Home Page , ISA , Regattas , Renegade

NIYA B Skeeter First Place – Jim McDonagh – Photo: Kevin Barta

The 2024 International Skeeter Association Regatta is postponed until March 8 – 10. Hoping for a cool down after next weekend’s forecasted warm temperatures. Next update, Sunday, March 3, 2024.

Feb 18, 2024 Regatta Watch: NIYA, ISA & Renegade Championship Called ON for Feb 23-25

by Deb Whitehorse | Feb 18, 2024 | Home Page , ISA , NIYA , Regattas , Renegade

NORTHWEST The Northwestern Ice Yachting Association Race Committee has called the 2024 regatta on for a yet to be determined Minnesota location north and west of St. Cloud. The dates are February 23rd-25th. The lakes are still to be final checked for surface and launch conditions. There are potential lakes in the Alexandria area, where lodging may be an issue, and lakes further north. The final call will be made as soon as possible, but Wednesday February 21st by noon at the latest. ISA The International Skeeter Association Race Committee has made the same call on for February 23rd-25th. In the event the Northwest is held the ISA will defer and postpone. Steve Schalk Secretary/Treasurer NIYA & ISA

A Big Thanks to NIYA & ISA Ice Checkers

by Deb Whitehorse | Feb 15, 2024 | 2023-2024 , Home Page , ISA , NIYA , Renegade

The Race Committees for the Northwest and ISA regattas, would like to acknowledge all the efforts of our ice checkers who have been scouting and sailing potential regatta sites. Pat Heppert and Chris Wiberg spent an entire weekend driving the width of Minnesota setting up their boats and test sailing multiple lakes. Terry Reynolds and Mike Peters sailed Little Bay De Noc, and Jim McDonagh drove up to Lake Osakis on Wednesday at dawn sailed his DN all over the lake, then drove back in a whiteout. We all owe them a big thank you for the huge efforts made to find a place for us to have an event. Many thanks to you guys. Steve Schalk Secretary/Treasurer NIYA & ISA

Feb 14, 2024 Regatta Watch: Postponement for ISA & NIYA

by Deb Whitehorse | Feb 14, 2024 | Home Page , ISA , NIYA , Regattas , Renegade

NORTHWEST The Northwestern Ice Yachting Association Race Committee has postponed the 2024 Regatta to February 23rd, 24th, and 25th. A combination of incoming snow, snowy travel, 5.5 rated surface with high winds forecast led to the postponement. ISA The International Skeeter Association Race Committee has postponed one week to February 23rd-25th. If the Northwest is held that weekend the ISA will defer. Steve Schalk Secretary/Treasurer NIYA & ISA

Regatta Watch: NIYA Or ISA Called ON for Feb 16-18 in MN or WI

by Deb Whitehorse | Feb 11, 2024 | Home Page , ISA , NIYA , Regattas , Renegade

NORTHWEST : The 2024 Northwestern Regatta is on for Lake Osakis Minnesota for February 16th, 17th and 18th. The final call with details on the launch site located off Lake street in downtown Osakis will be made on Wednesday by noon. INTERNATIONAL SKEETER ASSOCIATION & RENEGADE CHAMPIONSHIP The 2024 ISA Regatta and Renegade Championship is also called on for a location to be determined in Minnesota or Wisconsin. If the Northwest is confirmed on Wednesday, the ISA will defer and postpone. NEXT UPDATE: Wednesday, February 14 by 12 PM CT. Steve Schalk Secretary/Treasurer NIYA and ISA

Regatta Watch: ISA & Northwest Postponed

by Deb Whitehorse | Feb 4, 2024 | Home Page , ISA , NIYA , Regattas

Rob Evans sails his A Class Skeeter on Lake Monona, January 15, 2022. Photo: Joe Berger

NORTHWEST: The NIYA is postponed one week to February 16th, 17th, and 18th 2024. Colder weather returning The week of the 12th should provide one or more viable locations. Steve Schalk Secretary/Treasurer Northwestern Ice Yachting Association ISA: The ISA Regatta is postponed to February 16th, 17th, and 18th, 2024. Colder temperatures the week of February 12th will allow for multiple locations to become available. Steve Schalk Secretary/Treasurer International Skeeter Association

Regatta Watch: 2024 ISA & NIYA Postponed to Feb 9-11

by Deb Whitehorse | Jan 31, 2024 | Home Page , ISA , NIYA , Regattas , Renegade

Greg McCormick

The Northwest and International Skeeter Association & Renegade Championship Race Committees have postponed for one week to February 9th, 10th, and 11th, 2024. Both Committees determined that the high temperatures, sun, and lack of overnight freezing will make the ice too soft for acceptable regatta conditions. The presence of plenty of ice that should stay in place until colder weather arrives gives us a good chance coming later in February. Steve Schalk NIYA & ISA Secretary/Treasurer

Waconia PUFFER

by Deb Whitehorse | Jan 29, 2024 | Home Page , ISA

Link to Video Speaking of Lake Waconia, here’s Jim McDonagh’s video from Sunday, January 28, 2024 on Lake Waconia in Minnesota sailing the B Skeeter PUFFER.

Regatta Watch: Northwest AND ISA Called ON for Feb 2-4 on Lake Waconia, MN

by Deb Whitehorse | Jan 28, 2024 | 2023-2024 , Home Page , ISA , NIYA , Regattas , Renegade

Ken Whitehorse / Photo: Dave Delap

A Regatta Watch two-for-one tonight:

The  Northwest Ice Yachting Association Regatta is called on for Lake Waconia, Minnesota for February 2nd, 3rd and 4th, 2024. The final call will be made by noon on Wednesday January 31st.   The International Skeeter Association and Renegade Championship are also called on for the same location and date. If the Northwest is called on Wednesday, the ISA & Renegade Championship will be postponed. If the Northwest postpones on Wednesday, the ISA Race Committee will determine if the ISA & Renegade Championship can proceed or be postponed. That decision will be announced at noon on Wednesday January 31st as well.   Steve Schalk Secretary/Treasurer NIYA & ISA

Capturing Skeeter Chill – Photos of the Week

by Deb Whitehorse | Jan 25, 2024 | 2023-2024 , Home Page , ISA

Ken Whitehorse in WARRIOR Photo: @aspiring_astro_boy on Instagram

On Sunday, January 21st, Dave Delap skillfully captured the action of our day of club racing on Lake Monona. Follow @aspiring_astro_boy on Instagram. Many thanks to Dave for sharing. Scores from Sunday’s racing have been updated .

Regatta Watch: 2024 ISA & Renegade Championship is POSTPONED

by Deb Whitehorse | Jan 24, 2024 | Home Page , ISA , Regattas , Renegade

The 2024 International Skeeter Association and Renegade Championship have been postponed until February 2, 3, 4 because of foggy conditions and  a poor wind forecast in the Madison area. Next update is Sunday evening, January 28, 2024. John Dennis ISA Regatta Chair

Regatta Watch: ISA & Renegade Championship Called ON for Jan 26 – 28 on Lake Monona

by Deb Whitehorse | Jan 21, 2024 | Home Page , ISA , Regattas , Renegade

Steve Schalk sailing a B Skeeter on Lake Kegonsa at the 2023 ISA. Photo: Will Johnston

The International Skeeter Association regatta and Renegade Championship have been called on for January 26, 27, 28 on Lake Monona in Madison, WI. Final confirmation will be posted by noon on Wednesday, January 24. The Four Lakes Ice Yacht Club held racing on Lake Monona today in all fleets. There is 8″ of ice.  Next update: Wednesday, January 24. John Dennis ISA Regatta Chai r

Ken Whitehorse Nominated for 4LIYC Honor Roll

by Deb Whitehorse | Jan 18, 2024 | 2023-2024 , Home Page , ISA

Photo: Sean R. Heavy

Ken Whitehorse Archives 4LIYC Honor Roll Ken Whitehorse has been nominated for induction in to the Four Lakes Ice Yacht Club Honor Roll by Greg McCormick and Daniel Hearn. Congratulations, Ken, and thank you for contributing so much of your time and effort to this club and the sport of iceboating. The club will vote on the recent Bylaw proposal and Ken’s induction into the Honor Roll at our February 15, 2024 business meeting.

Never in the history of competitive iceboating has the name of a boat more clearly reflected the heart and character of its skipper. This is especially true in the case of Kenny Whitehorse, sailing his A skeeter WARRIOR. Kenny’s tenacious and competitive spirit was never more evident than when he won the 1977 Northwest regatta, claiming victory in an epic battle over the Skeeter Iceboat Club’s Sparky Lundberg. Kenny won the regatta on the last leg of the final race, with the lead changing right up to the finish. Those in attendance witnessed one of the sport’s most epic battles. Kenny’s cousin, Greg Whitehorse, reflected on his many years of racing Ken and stated, “I could never manage to beat him in the close ones.” Kenny’s indomitable spirit could also be observed off the ice, squaring up with Buddy himself in one of Fontana’s favorite haunts: “Chucks.” Details can get lost over time, but one thing is perfectly clear: somebuddy poked the bear. Remarkably, Kenny’s most lasting contributions to the sport may not be on the ice but in the countless hours of painting, welding, building, tuning, and repairing club equipment and competitors’ boats. Ken has fixed or repaired four-wheelers for both the Four Lakes Ice Yacht Club and the DN Western Regional Association. Without skilled sailors like Kenny lending their time and talent, safe and competitive racing would not happen. Ken Whitehorse has competed and won against the legends of the sport, including Mattison, Melges, and Kruger. One of those legends is Kenny’s trailer and shop partner, Paul Kruger. Their teamwork has enabled them to sail recreationally and competitively into their 7th and 8th decades—a remarkable achievement. Ken has proven to be a fierce competitor and loyal friend and truly deserves to be inducted into the Four Lakes Ice Yacht Club’s Honor Roll. Submitted by Greg McCormick and Daniel Hearn

Regatta Watch: 2024 ISA & Renegade Championship Postponed to January 26 – 28, 2024

by Deb Whitehorse | Jan 14, 2024 | Home Page , ISA , Regattas , Renegade

Photo: Will Johnston

The 2024 International Skeeter Association Regatta and Renegade Championship has been postponed until January 26 – 28. We are waiting for recently frozen ice to build. Next weekend’s extremely cold forecasted temperatures are also a factor in postponement. Next update is on Sunday, January 21, 2024. John Dennis, ISA Regatta Chair

ISA Internet Era Archives

2023 Lake Kegonsa, Madison, WI

2022 Lake Monona, Madison, WI

2021 No Regatta

2020 No Regatta

2019 Lake Pepin, Lake City, Minnesota

2018 Battle Lake, Minnesota

2017 Battle Lake, Minnesota

2016 Green Bay, WI

2015 Little Bay de Noc, Gladstone, MI

2014 No Regatta

2013 Lake Kegonsa

2012 No Regatta

2011 No Regatta

2010 No Regatta

2009 No Regatta

2008 Geneva Lake

2007 No Regatta

2006 Mallet’s Bay, VT

2005 Geneva Lake

2004 Lake Champlain, VT

2003 Lake Champlain, VT

1975 Saratoga

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New England Ice Yacht Association

• Officers / Et alii
• NEIYA History

Getting Started

• NEIYA Events
• New England’s
• Doc Fellows
• Winni Hard Way
• Eastern’s
• Ice Classifieds
• Black Ice Newsletters
• Member login

What Is An Ice Boat? An ice boat is basically a hull attached to a perpendicular cross piece called a runner plank. Three skates, or runners, are attached to the boat, one on each end of the plank and one at the forward end of the hull. Add a mast and sail and it’s an iceboat! Ice boats are strictly wind powered and need relatively snow-free ice to sail. They are fast and FUN!

How Do I Get Involved? We recommend that the novice purchase an inexpensive DN class ice boat (watch the Ice Classifieds section of this website as well as other iceboating sites) as it is a relatively easy boat to transport and sail. Sail or race with the club for a season or two until you feel comfortable with ice boating.

Join the NEIYA and sail or race with the club- this is a good idea as sailing with other people is safer than sailing alone, a great way to learn, and way more fun!

Every iceboater should have at least one copy of “THINK ICE!” by Lloyd Roberts and Warner St. Clair.

This is THE definitive book on DN building, tuning, racing and sailing.  Mainly about DN iceboats but relevant to any type of craft.  Safety, clothing, how to load the car, it’s all in here!   Updated with instructive commentary by many  top-flight iceboat sailors.  Order at  http://iceboat.me/think-ice/

After a year or two in the DN , evaluate your options. You may want to stay in the DN, or move to another fleet. By this time, club members can help you make a decision about whether to build or buy your next boat.

Various American, Canadian, and European ice boat clubs will have a few different classes than what we sail here in New England. Explore what your area has to offer by seeking out a local ice yacht club. See the Four Lakes Ice Yacht Club site at http://www.iceboat.org/faqiceboat.html for a great breakdown of several classes and much more information on how to get involved.

Feel free to contact “T” Thieler at [email protected] or anyone else on our contact page for more information, advice and contacts- he will be happy to help you get started!

Look forward to helping out- Think ICE!!

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Understanding Design of Ice Class Ships

As we all are aware, a special type of ships is used for icy water regions. A general name, which is commonly used for such ships is “Icebreakers”.

However, not all ice-plying vessels are icebreakers , some are termed as ‘ice-class’ or ‘polar-class’ vessels .

Let’s have a brief insight into the technicalities of this type of vessels and also delve into their subtle differences and similarities.

Icebreakers Vs. Ice Class Ships

Icebreakers are special-purpose vessels designated for breaking ice floes, sheets, and piles in cold climates where the water is mainly icy.

They may be suited explicitly for icebreaking operations or for other special purposes.

On the other hand, ice-class ships are usually general-purpose design ships with an additional level of strengthening and arrangements for navigation and sustenance in ice.

The rules and guidelines incorporated for the construction and construed for classification are known as the “Ice Class” Rules.

Related Read:  5 Important Points for Ice Navigation of Ships

But before delving deeper into the technical and construction aspects of these ships, let us briefly have an insight into the ice environment and the physics of the behaviour of ice with such vessels.

Environment and Climate Change – An Important Factor For Ice Classed Ships

Though during wintry months, many of the sea routes in the temperate and frigid zones get laden with ice cover, a lion’ share of ice cover is concentrated in the polar regions, i.e. the Arctic and the Antarctic.

As per a recent study data, the ice cover extents of the Arctic and Antarctic are 5.1*10 6 km 2  and 18.2 km 2 respectively. Due to Global Warming and climate change , this ice cover extents are gradually dwindling.

Apart from the ubiquitous problems of flooding, loss of vegetation or drastic climate change, this issue poses other problems as well. The broken ice floats farther as icebergs, sheets or floes and has a crucial effect on the navigational traffic of related seas. Worth mentioning, accidents as well due to collision damage with icebergs or icecaps. Remember Titanic ?

Related Read:  10 Ships Sunk By Accident with Iceberg

Thus, the implications of icing have an indispensable presence in the guidelines and regulations of designated vessels for such areas. But first, let us have a brief and simple discussion related to ship-ice interaction.

Ice, as we know can be of various types such as floes, sheets, bergs or brash ice. Moreover, they differ in their physics, behaviour, strength, and stability. This consequently can have a varied impact on their interaction with vessels and other structures.

Types of Ice

To sum up, broadly there can be the following types of ice commonly found in the sea:

Other types do exist, but these are mainly considered in the interest of ice-plying vessels and are related to these principal types only in some way or the other.

Pack ice is large chunks of floating ice triggered from larger ice forms or masses covering a large section of water.

Frazil ice is like ice flakes or needles suspended in water. They have an insignificant effect on vessels but may be considered for resistance and abrasive effects onto the hull.

Brash ice is in the form of loosened fragments, basically, like a wreckage of bigger forms of floating ice lesser than 3 metres thick and 2-metre diameter.

Floes are basically flat pieces of ice sheets spread over a vast expanse with small variations in thickness. They too are larger break-offs from pack ice.

Cake ice , as depicted from the name are circular pieces of ice with a certain thickness welling up from the mean sea level.

Fast ice is harder forms of ice, which generally remain attached to the shore or ice wall. They are often dictated by surrounding sea level and may replenish themselves over years.

The age of ice is a foremost factor. Here too, they may be classified into  following main kinds of heads:

• New ice and young ice
• First-year ice

New ice is formed as a result of the recent freezing of seawater. They have less thickness (up to 10 cm) and do not pose hazardous ice loads on ships. But they are never to be neglected in ice-class designs. They include frazil ice, brash ice or cakes.

Young ice is slightly harder and thicker (10 cm-30 cm). If they survive up to one year, they may thicken into First Year Ice .

If a pack of ice survives multiple melting seasons, they may accrue into a harder form. This is the multi-year ice. Another factor is the size of ice. The expanse of an ice cover varies from sporadic free-floating pieces to large packs and ridges.

Ridges are said to be the thickest sea ice features and account for half of the total ice volume. They are mount-like features formed as a result of continued stress, convergence and collision between two successive ice covers.

Found gradually on the sea ice boundaries, they consist of layers of ice rubble and floes piled up above and below the waterline. The part below the waterline is generally larger in size as compared to the part above.

Nonetheless, all forms of ice pose threat in varying degrees to vessels plying on icy waters and needs to be taken care of.  So, in the design regulations of these vessels, several factors are taken into consideration, such as:

• The expanse of ice cover
• Level ice thickness
• Sea and air temperatures
• Age of ice cover, as described above

Related Read: How the Ice Melting in the Arctic has Affected the Shipping Industry?

Ship Design For Ice 

When we consider ships plying in icy waters, we consider various implications of the weather conditions persisting in that region. This may be divided as:

• The structural consideration, which is the foremost aspect as it involves designing and strengthening of the hull for negotiating with ice en route
• Machinery, systems, and equipment, which must operate in sub-zero temperatures
• Freezing of deck and superstructure
• Visibility issues

Related Read:  What to Do When the Ship is Moving towards Sub Zero Temperature Area?

Prior to speculating these aspects, let us first look into the fundamentals of ice loads.

What are ice loads on ships?

Like traditional hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads, the ice too poses high modulus of forces onto the hull as obvious. Moreover, ice being in a solid-state and having varied sizes and features can cause damage to the hull if unattended. So, vessels plying in icy regions have different build specifications taken into account.

Now, think of this? When a ship encounters ice, any or a combination of the following may occur:

• The vessel may ram or stave through the ice
• The vessel may drift the ice sidewards if given suffice space and low interaction forces
• The vessel may climb the ice and press it downwards by the virtue of its weight
• The vessel may shear through the ice, breaking it into smaller fragments henceforth.

Related Read: What To Do When A Ship Is “Beset”?

As the age, formation, and size of ice in a particular geographic region are multi-variant, the vessel must be structurally and functionally capable of withstanding all plausible types of ice conditions. Apart from the main hull, the propeller and rudder along with appendages (if any) must be capable of enduring ice interactions without compromising the required design performance of the vessel.

Continuing our discussion with icing loads, we can look into 3 crucial aspects of ice loads. They are:

• Physically encountered ice conditions
• Statistics of ice loads
• Mechanics of ice loads

While the encountered ice conditions deal with the physical properties, distributions, occurrences, and variations of ice, the statistics include dealing with statistical data of climates and icing.

Mechanics is the end result of these as they directly dictate the extent of design philosophies incorporated into a vessel enduring such conditions.

Now, when we contemplate about vessels plying in ice, the most crucial thing that logically comes to the mind is the need for strengthening. This is obviously true.

Classification regulations for strength are incorporated in all sorts of such vessels in varying degrees. From the design point of view, some other alterations are also made depending on the type of vessel and its utility.

In the next article, we will continue our discussion with these aspects as well as ideas on classification for ice.

You might also like to read:

Design And Construction Of Ice Class Ships – Part 2

Design And Construction Of Ice Class Ships – Part -1 

Disclaimer:  The authors’ views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of Marine Insight. Data and charts, if used, in the article have been sourced from available information and have not been authenticated by any statutory authority. The author and Marine Insight do not claim it to be accurate nor accept any responsibility for the same. The views constitute only the opinions and do not constitute any guidelines or recommendation on any course of action to be followed by the reader.

The article or images cannot be reproduced, copied, shared or used in any form without the permission of the author and Marine Insight.

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Subhodeep is a Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering graduate. Interested in the intricacies of marine structures and goal-based design aspects, he is dedicated to sharing and propagation of common technical knowledge within this sector, which, at this very moment, requires a turnabout to flourish back to its old glory.

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Ice Class Explorer

Ice Class Explorer is a custom sailing yacht due to launch in 2017 by AvA Yachts in Antalya , Turkey.

The company AvA Yachts was established officially in 2005 as a naval architecture and engineering company by a group of naval architects who are experienced today more than 25 years in the yacht design and engineering field.

Ice Class Explorer measures 27.20 metres in length and has a beam of 7.20 feet.

Ice Class Explorer has a steel hull with a GRP / wood superstructure.

Her exterior design, naval architecture and interior design is by AvA Yachts.

Performance and Capabilities

Ice Class Explorer has a fuel capacity of 30,000 litres, and a water capacity of 8,200 litres.

Accommodation

Ice Class Explorer accommodates up to 10 guests in 5 cabins. She also houses room for up to 4 crew members.

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Three Russian Ballistic Missile Submarines Just Surfaced Through The Arctic Ice Together

The unprecedented exercise served as a bold statement of Russia’s presence and capabilities in the increasingly tense Arctic region.

FranticGoat

Three Russian ballistic missile submarines surfaced next to each other from beneath the ice near the North Pole as part of a recent major Arctic exercise. The head of the country's Navy said that event was a first for his service. It also underscores the growing geopolitical competition in this highly strategic region .

On March 26, 2021, the Russian Ministry of Defense released details , as well as imagery, about the submarine activity that has been a part of the Umka-2021 drills. So far, the Kremlin has not officially confirmed what submarines are taking part in the exercise, which began on March 20, and has also seen an unspecified nuclear submarine fire a torpedo underneath the Arctic ice.

However, official video footage, seen in full later in this story, shows what appears to be at least two sails belonging to Delta IV class submarines, also known as Project 667BDRM Delfins . It's possible that the third boat could be either a member of the Borei class , or the lone Borei-A class submarine presently in service, the Knyaz Vladimir . The Borei and Borei-A designs are Russia's most advanced ballistic missile submarines. Both of these types can be loaded with up to 16 RSM-56 Bulava submarine-launched ballistic missiles, each one of which can be armed with between 6 and 10 Multiple Independent Reentry Vehicles (MIRV), depending on the type of nuclear warhead. The Delta IVs can be armed with up to 16 R-29RMU Sineva submarine-launched ballistic missiles, themselves capable of each carrying either 4 or 10 MIRVs, again depending on the warhead type.

A pair of MiG-31 Foxhound interceptors , supported by an Il-78 aerial refueling tanker, also flew over the North Pole and troops have been conducting maneuvers on the ground in extreme cold weather conditions as part of Umka-2021. Average temperatures in the exercise area, at present, are ranging between -13 and -22 degrees Fahrenheit, with winds gusting up to just over 70 miles per hour, according to state-run media outlet TASS . 

"As part of the Arctic expedition, three nuclear-powered submarines surfaced from under the ice in a limited space with a radius of 300 meters [approximately 984 feet] for the first time in the history of the Russian Navy," Admiral Nikolai Yevmenov, Command-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, reported to President Vladimir Putin on March 26. "For the first time, a set of combat training, scientific research, and practical diverse measures is underway under the single design and plan in subpolar regions."

Russian Geographical Society has also been involved in Umka-2021, which has been taking place primarily in and around Alexandra Land Island in the Franz Josef Land archipelago, a group of Russian islands in the Arctic Ocean.

It is known that Russian ballistic missile submarines conduct deterrent patrols under the protection of the Arctic ice , where is especially difficult to track their movements. They do, of course, still have to move out from under the ice to unleash their deadly payloads.

It is also hardly the first time a submarine has pushed its way up through that ice as part of an exercise. The U.S. Navy notably conducts Ice Exercises (ICEX) each year in which submarines surface from under the ice , though not with ballistic missile boats. 

However, this particular drill is, nevertheless, a significant show of force and general demonstration of the Russian Navy's strategic capabilities.

Beyond that, submarine operations around the world typically occur with a certain degree of secrecy, and boats sailing on the surface outside of very mundane activities, such as returning to their homeport, often carry a message. For instance, the appearance of Omsk , an Oscar II class guided-missile submarine, also known as a Project 949A, on the surface in the Bering Sea off Alaska in August 2020 sent alarm bells ringing and prompted an unusual public statement from U.S. Northern Command (NORTHCOM) that it was monitoring the situation. That notably followed the equally rare decision on the U.S. Navy's part to publicize a visit to Norway by the highly-advanced and extremely secretive submarine USS Seawolf earlier that month. Seawolf and her two sister ships, including the larger and uniquely configured spy submarine USS Jimmy Carter , are all known themselves to be particularly capable when it comes to cruising quietly under the Arctic ice.

In December 2020, the Navy also made a very public display of sending the USS Georgia sailing on the surface through the Strait of Hormuz and into the Persian Gulf a moment of particularly heightens tensions with Iran. Georgia is one of four Ohio class ballistic missile submarines converted into guided-missile submarines. They also received significant intelligence-gathering and command and control capabilities, something you can read about more in this past feature and that has made them some of the most in-demand boats in the Navy today.

In the same way, it was taken as a message from the United States to China when three of the four Ohio guided-missile boats surfaced at virtually the same time , though at different locations in the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean, in 2010. That followed Chinese tests that sent missiles flying into the East China Sea.

With regards to Umka-2021, all of this is magnified by the ever-increasing strategic significance of the Arctic and growing geopolitical competition there, as a result. Much of this has been driven by the emergence of new economic opportunities as global climate change has caused ice in the region to recede. This has made the prospect of sending commercial shipping via the Northern Sea Route more viable and offers the possibility of greater access to untapped natural resources, including oil and natural gas. 

Just this week, Russia's state nuclear agency Rosatom has been promoting the Northern Sea Route as an alternative to traditional routes in light of the very serious situation in the Suez Canal. The container ship Ever Given , the world's largest, has been preventing any maritime movement through that strategic chokepoint since it ran around on March 23. Rosatom is notably responsible for operating Russia's unique fleet of nuclear-powered icebreakers, which includes the Arktika , the largest ship of this type with any kind of propulsion in the world.

With all this in mind, it's interesting to remember that Russian Tu-142 Bear long-range maritime patrol planes  buzzed a temporary camp established on an ice floe in international waters off Alaska as part of a U.S. Navy-led ICEX around this time last year. The Seawolf -class USS Connecticut and the Los Angeles class attack submarine USS Toledo both took part in that training event, which included surfacing through the ice in close proximity to each other.

The Umka-2021 drills come as Russia and the United States, among others , are working to expand their abilities to project military power into the Arctic. Russia has been working particularly hard to build new facilities and expand existing ones , especially air bases, in the region. The U.S. military, in cooperation with Canada, just recently demonstrated its ability to conduct more routine combat aviation operations out of the strategic Thule Air Base in Greenland, as well.

“We’re in competition … and to be competitive with Russia and China, specifically in the Arctic, you have to be on the field," U.S. Air Force General Glen VanHerck, who presently serves as both head of NORTHCOM and the U.S.-Canadian North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), told members of Congress just last week. "And, so it's crucial that we do that and we continue producing capabilities that will allow us to be in the Arctic.”

The Russian Navy sending three ballistic missile submarines punching through the Arctic ice together in a row near the North Pole provides a very clear look at this competition and more such displays are likely to come as the geopolitical friction in the region continues to increase. 

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