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Registration is now open for the 8th Annual Camden Classics Cup presented by Lyman-Morse, taking place July 25 – 27, 2024.

Coming off a successful year that saw 86 yachts take the line, the Camden Classics Cup will once again provide regatta participants, their friends and families, and the local community with fantastic racing on the storied waters off Maine’s coast.

“Every year, this event gets better, from the caliber of the participants on the water to the events on shore,” says Holly Paterson, Camden Classics Cup event director. “Few sights are finer than seeing these boats sailing these beautiful waters and docked on the wharf. People come to this regatta as much for the beauty as the great racing.”

As always, the Camden Classics Cup will be run to the standard of excellence that participants have come to expect from an event of this caliber, with Peter Gerard, a US Sailing certified National Judge and Regional Race Officer, and accomplished sailor, returning as Principal Race Officer (PRO). “Peter was a great addition to last year’s event,” says Paterson. “We’re happy that he will be returning and bringing his high level of professionalism to the racecourse.”

“One thing we’re really excited about is the growth of the Camden Classics Cup Youth Regatta sponsored by Bank of America, now in its 7th year,” said Drew Lyman, President and CEO of presenting sponsor and regatta host Lyman-Morse. “The first year we had 45 youth sailors and we have grown to 86 youth sailors in 2023! While the big boats are beautiful, and watching them race is truly something to behold, to me, the Youth Regatta is a very important part of the event. We’re helping to grow the next generation of sailors. Seeing the skills and the positivity these kids bring to the water is more rewarding than any trophy.”

The event will feature boats sailing under the Classic Rating Formula (CRF) and the Performance Handicap Rating Fleet (PHRF), with more to be announced as the scratch sheet grows.

“Stephens Waring Design has been a proud partner of the Camden Classics Cup since its inception in 2016, and we’ve produced the only premier Big-Tent Regatta Event of its kind, combining all types of boats,” said Paul Waring of Stephens Waring Design, an Admiral Sponsor of the event and the sponsor of dockage at Lyman-Morse. “We have classics and custom yachts racing under CRF, production boats racing under PHRF, and small-boat daysailers and youth dinghies—we have a unique sailing competition with over 100 boats spanning 12 decades of design, all in one gorgeous venue.”

And while the action takes place on the water, the shoreside experience is equally rewarding, and The Wharf at Lyman-Morse, the Lyman-Morse’s newly renovated working-waterfront facilities, is an ideal destination for a summer weekend in Maine. “We’re so proud of the work we’ve done bringing life back to this side of Camden’s harbor,” says Mackenzie Lyman, Marketing Director for Lyman-Morse. “People can stay at The Crew Quarters, eat at Salt Wharf, enjoy a cocktail at Barren’s Distillery or a glass of wine at Paper Plane Cocktail Lounge, do some shopping at Motifs, or enjoy a morning cup of coffee at the Whistling Whale. It is truly a special destination.”

In addition to providing great sailing, as well as the chance to visit Camden, Paterson notes that the regatta is also giving back to a Maine institution. “We’re proud to once again support LifeFlight of Maine ( lifeflightmaine.org ), Maine’s only statewide critical-care medical service,” she said. “A portion of all entrance fees go to support their mission, which is so important to the local community.

Another feather in the cap for the Camden Classics Cup is their recent designation as a Platinum Level Clean Regatta by Sailors for the Sea. “The sailing and boating community is 12 million strong, and by running a Clean Regatta we can become a catalyst for engaging boaters to protect their waters,” Paterson says. “We’d like to give special thanks to Bank of America, The Saltwater Classroom, the crew on American Promise, and The Rozalia Project, for taking part in last year’s Coastal Clean-Up, which played a large role in the regatta being awarded the top level of Platinum this year!”

For registration and event information, please visit  www.camdenclassicscup.com .

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• Celebrating the Success of the 7th Annual Camden Classics Cup
• risingTAdmin
• August 17, 2023

August 8, 2023 (Camden, ME) - Penobscot Bay's harbors, rocky islands and picturesque mountains have long been renowned as an ideal backdrop for some of the best gatherings in the wooden-boat world. This year’s Camden Classics Cup (July 27-29) provided regatta participants, their friends and families, and the local community with fantastic racing that showcased the best of what these storied waters can deliver. While not all of the 86 classic and modern yachts that gathered on the waters of West Penobscot Bay sailed home with trophies, of course, it’s fair to say that everyone decamped with get-you-through-the-coming-winter memories of great racing, wonderful camaraderie, and welcoming onshore hospitality and entertainment. 

The breeze cooperated on Friday for a perfect day of racing; On Saturday it dropped to a wisp to make for a perfect day of swimming. Despite an abbreviated racing schedule, the owners and crews of the 86 classic and modern yachts -- as well as the 80 junior sailors in the Youth Regatta, and thousands of others who came out to spectate -- still enjoyed a memorable time at the 7th annual event on Penobscot Bay.

Thank you to everyone who came out to race, to watch, to support, and to sponsor the event. We're already looking forward to next year -- mark your calendars for July 25-27, 2024.

See below for winners, a charity raffle, and more.

Classics 1:

 1st:  MERMAID

2nd: ARRLUUK

3rd:  NORA

Classics 2 Concordia:  

1st:   SNOW FALCON

2nd:  PHALAROPE

3rd:  OTTER

Schooner & Gaff

1st:  SPIRIT

 2nd:  LIONS WHELP

Vintage:     

1st:  BIJOU II

2nd:  BLACK WATCH

3rd:   GLEAM

Modern Tradition:

1st:  VERISSIMO

 2nd:  ZEMPHIRA

3rd:  ANNA

PHRF Spinnaker:

 1st:  UBUNTU

 2nd: TAMARACK

 3rd:  MISCHIEF

PHRF Cruising:

1st:  MOONDANCE

2nd:  TANGO

3rd:  PETRONELLA

Day Sailer 1 : 

1st:   FROLIC

2nd:   ELLEN

 3rd:   PONYO

Day Sailer 2:  

1st:  INDIGO

2nd:  RASPUTIN

3rd:  IDA ROSE

PERPETUAL AWARDS:

Camden Classics Cup:   BIJOU II

Lyman-Morse Trophy:   VERISSIMO

Stephens-Waring Spirit of Tradition Trophy:  VERISSIMO

Yacht Club Challenge Trophy:  New York Yacht Club

Thanks to our Diamond and Gold Partners

Interested in becoming a partner of the cyoa join as a partner online or contact us at info @ classicyachts.org for details..

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Camden Classics Cup results

The 2023 Camden Classics Cup (July 27-29) provided regatta participants, friends and families, and the community with fantastic racing that showcased the best of what Penobscot Bay can deliver, said Lyman-Morse Boatbuilders, organizers of the seventh annual event.

The breeze cooperated on Friday for a perfect day of racing; On Saturday it dropped to a wisp to make for a perfect day of swimming. Despite an abbreviated racing schedule, the owners and crews of the 86 classic and modern yachts -- as well as the 80 junior sailors in the Youth Regatta, and thousands of others who came out to spectate -- still enjoyed a memorable time at the 7th annual event on Penobscot Bay.

Classics 1:

 1st:  MERMAID

2nd: ARRLUUK

Classics 2 Concordia:  

1st:   SNOW FALCON

2nd:  PHALAROPE

3rd:  OTTER

Schooner & Gaff

1st:  SPIRIT

 2nd:  LIONS WHELP

Vintage:    

1st:  BIJOU II

2nd:  BLACK WATCH

3rd:   GLEAM

Modern Tradition:

1st:  VERISSIMO

 2nd:  ZEMPHIRA

PHRF Spinnaker:

 1st:  UBUNTU

 2nd: TAMARACK

 3rd:  MISCHIEF

PHRF Cruising:

1st:  MOONDANCE

2nd:  TANGO

3rd:  PETRONELLA

Day Sailer 1: 

1st:   FROLIC

2nd:   ELLEN

 3rd:   PONYO

Day Sailer 2:  

1st:  INDIGO

2nd:  RASPUTIN

3rd:  IDA ROSE

PERPETUAL AWARDS:

Camden Classics Cup:  BIJOU II

Lyman-Morse Trophy:  VERISSIMO

Stephens-Waring Spirit of Tradition Trophy: VERISSIMO

Yacht Club Challenge Trophy: New York Yacht Club

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Wooden boats thrive in the Camden Classic Cup

The 2022 Camden Classic Cup on July 28-30 was a reminder of why Maine is one of the most celebrated sailing coastlines in the world. During two days of racing, 92 boats, including some of the region’s most beautiful historic sailing yachts, navigated Western Penobscot Bay under sunny skies and mostly westerly 15-knot winds for the 6th successful iteration of this classic yacht regatta.

“Yesterday was the kind of day that sailors live for, the chance to sail yachts of this caliber on Penobscot Bay in a good breeze mints the kind of memories that last long after the racing sails are flaked,” said Holly Paterson, event director of the race in a press release.  

After a day that started with the Parade of Sail through Camden’s Inner Harbor, the crew of Leaf , a Luders 24 out of Bokeelia, Florida, happily hoisted their winner’s trophy before heading off to the afterparty.  

“It’s hard to not say the party after the whole thing is done is the best part,” said Scott Layton, broker at boatbuilder Lyman-Morse, which hosted the race for the sixth year in a row and had two boats on the scratch sheet.  

Along with an ideal race course and the excellent parties, the Camden Classic is gaining in popularity for the onshore events that surround the race.

“Any event the town organizes is great, they make people want to spend a lot more time in town and it makes everything much more happening and fun,” said Paula Palakawong, owner of Long Grain, a renowned Camden restaurant and one of the race organizer’s recommended dining spots.

The regatta began as a celebration of classic yachts, and also as a fundraiser for LifeFlight of Maine, a medical service. Sponsors of the race have raised more than $75,000.  

“We’re proud to partner through this Regatta and pleased that funding will benefit LifeFlight of Maine, and their highly-specialized first responders who bring critical care to Mainers, allowing us to safely enjoy events like this,” said Leah Nickerson of Bangor Savings Bank, which sponsored the Parade of Sail.  

That thread of community spirit is central to the whole event:

“We are the hosts of the Camden Classic Cup, but it is very much a collaborative process from the community, sponsors, volunteers and many partners in the industry to organize and put on this event,” Layton said.  

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2023 Camden Classics Cup: Excitement building for return of Maine's premier regatta

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Registration is Open For the 2023 Camden Classics Cup

Registration is now open for the 2023 Camden Classics Cup presented by Lyman-Morse. Coming off a successful year that saw 92 boats on the starting line , the event is poised to once again bring some of the world’s most stunning yachts to this renowned stretch of the Maine coast for a weekend of true Corinthian racing.  

“ We’re looking forward to another fantastic event—the caliber of racing and the pedigree of the boats on the starting line is unmatched on the New England racing circuit, ” says Holly Paterson, Camden Classics Cup event director. “ This regatta is a celebration of vintage and classic yachts and the community that surrounds them. I am continuously impressed by the passion of these sailors and the pride they take in their stewardship of these boats .” 

The event will adhere to the standard of excellence that participants have come to expect, and feature plenty of action on and off the water. “ We’re looking forward to the return of the Youth Regatta, which saw 60 junior sailors from more than 8 clubs racing Optis and 420s last year, and of course, the always-popular Parade of Sail. ” Paterson said. “ Additionally, this year we’re excited to welcome Peter Gerard as our new Principal Race Officer (PRO). Peter is an invaluable addition to our on-the-water regatta team. ” Gerard is a US Sailing certified National Judge and Regional Race Officer, an accomplished sailor, and active PRO.  

Once again, the event will feature boats sailing under several different ratings, including the Classic Rating Formula (CRF), the performance handicap rating fleet (PHRF), and the Day Racer Divisions (which will race under a variety of handicaps), with more to be announced as the scratch sheet grows. One important note, classes for the Classic yachts will also classify them for the COYA series.   

Last year’s event was timed with the opening of Lyman-Morse’s new 40,000 square-foot waterfront facility. The 2023 event will return to this stellar yard that lines the historic working Camden waterfront and includes the Salt Wharf Restaurant, Barron’s Distillery, retail space, as well as guest accommodations at Lyman-Morse Crew Quarters overlooking the harbor. In addition to providing great sailing across a variety of designs and decades, as well as the chance to visit Camden, Paterson noted that the regatta is also giving back to the local communities. “ A portion of all entrance fees go to LifeFlight of Maine (lifeflightmaine.org), Maine’s only statewide critical-care medical service ,” she said. 

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Summer Regattas

And of all sailboat races, classic regattas – featuring vintage, wooden and Spirit of Tradition sailboats – are some of the most exciting to watch.

Not only are the classically styled yachts some of the most beautiful boats in the world, the racing is inspiring, conjuring up the spirit of yachting lore. In other words, attendees get treated to the best in summertime entertainment. The races are a thrill to watch, and the dockside social soirees, awards ceremonies and parties enable attendees to chat with New England’s finest yachtsmen. For yachters, there isn’t a better way to spend a summer weekend in New England.

Which sailing regattas should you attend? Worldwide Boat has the insider’s scoop on some of New England’s most prestigious summer sailboat races. Try to make it to a few – and of course, a sailboat charter for race day offers the best seat to take in all the thrilling action.

Classic Regattas to Catch every Summer

1. Vineyard Cup – Martha’s Vineyard, MA – (July)

Held in Martha’s Vineyard, this regatta features more than 100 participating yachts, and a full slate of races over three days. The event – which was launched in 2006 – is sponsored by Sail MV, and it’s quickly become one of New England’s premier regattas. Not only is the racing spectacular, attendees can enjoy a wide range of onshore events. Although this isn’t strictly a classic regatta – there many different classes of boats and races courses – the Vineyard Cup is a must-see for classic yacht enthusiasts.

2. Castine to Camden Yacht Race – Castine, ME – (August)

The Castine Classic Yacht Race – part of three days of regattas in the 2018 Wooden Boat Series – takes place in Maine’s stunning Penobscot Bay, an inlet in the Gulf of Maine. Specked with islands more than 200 miles and spectacular harbors, the bay offers the best in Maine yachting. The Castine to Camden race puts yachters on a 20-mile course across the Bay, from Castine to Camden. Castine Yacht Club, the race’s sponsor, opens the regatta to classic and Spirit of Tradition monohulls over 28’.

3. Camden Classic Yacht Regatta – Camden, ME – (August)

For more than 30 years, classic yachts have gathered at the Camden Yacht Club for the annual Camden Classic Regatta. Featuring a challenging 15+ mile course, the yacht runs from Camden to Brooklin, ME. This, along with the Castine and Eggemoggin races, make up a wonderful three days of classic yacht racing on Penobscot Bay.

4. Corinthian Classic Yacht Regatta – Marblehead, MA – (August)

Corinthian is a name synonymous with New England sailing. For more than 125 years, the Corinthian Yacht Club has called Marblehead, MA home, and in that time, they’ve produced numerous racing champions including several America’s Cup defenders. The Corinthian Classic Yacht Regatta was started nearly 40 years ago, and it’s become of the largest celebrates of “classic yachts and characters.” Just as speculator as the racing, though, is the onshore atmosphere, another compelling reason to go.

5. Nantucket Race Week – Nantucket, MA – (August)

Nantucket Race Week runs for nine days in mid-August, and features races in numerous classes. Yet, one of the week’s most exciting races is the Nantucket Regatta (held on August 18). The race was first run in 1930, but recently underwent restructuring in 2016. Open to 24+ foot classic wooden yachts, the regatta is part of the North American Panerai Classic Yachts Challenge Series. And it’s certainly one race you will want to catch during the week.

6. Opera House Cup – Nantucket, MA – (August)

The Opera House Cup is the oldest classic sailboat race on the East Coast, having started more than 40 years ago in 1973. A joy to watch, the Opera House Cup draws a fleet up roughly 100 vintage yachts – offering a unique look at many different styles of classic boats.

7. Herreshoff Classic Yacht Regatta – Bristol, RI – (August)

The Herreschoff Regatta – held each year in Bristol, RI – was named after the Herreschoff Manufacturing Company, a storied yacht builder that produced several America’s Cup defenders. In fact, many classic yachts feature Herreschoff designs. The classic regatta – part of the Panerai Series – takes place in the picturesque Narragansett Bay on Friday, with its sister race the Newport Classic taking place on Saturday. Throughout the weekend, attendees are welcomed to cocktail hours, expos and plenty to see and do.

8. Newport Classic Yacht Regatta – Newport, RI – (August)

Newport is a classic New England yachting town – one of the largest yacht charter ports in New England. And with its long history in sailing, it makes sense Newport is one to one of the East Coast’s most exciting classic regattas. Since 1980, the Newport Classic race has taken place in the southern reaches of Narragansett Bay. Part of the Narragansett Bay Classic Yacht Rendezvous – along with the Herrschoff – the race starts from Bristol to Newport, followed by racing near Newport.

9. Indian Harbor Yacht Club Classic Yacht Regatta – Greenwich, CT – (September)

A recent addition to the classic regatta summer series, the Indian Harbor Classic Regatta takes place on Long Island Sound. The regatta’s sponsor – Greenwich, CT’s Indian Harbor Yacht Club – opens the race to classic and Spirit of Tradition yachts, and hosts awards dinners, cocktail hours and parties throughout the weekend.

Charter a Sailing Yacht for Regatta Season

A classic sailboat regatta is a summertime tradition in New England. And there’s no better way to experience the action, than aboard a luxury charter yacht. Follow the action live and have a home base to host guests aboard in the evening.

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Boysterous Cup Results  (.pdf, 74.821 KiB)

Academy Frostbite Series 2022 Results  (.pdf, 15.56 KiB)

17 - 19 Sep 2021 - Summer Series 4 - Land Union September Regatta & HP30 Nationals

10 - 12 sep 2021 - hamble classics, 28 - 30 aug 2021 - august charity cup, 24 - 25 jul 2021 - pre-cowes week regatta / central solent xod champs, 17 - 25 jul 2021 - central cans series - live results, 10 - 11 jul 2021 - summer series 3 - salcombe gin july regatta, 24 - 26 jun 2021 - the landsail tyres j-cup, 12 - 13 jun 2021 - summer series 2 - june regatta, 5 - 6 jun 2021 - women’s open keelboat championship, 29 - 30 may 2021 - x-yachts solent cup, 8 - 9 may 2021 - summer series 1 - may regatta, 17 - 28 jan 2021 rsrnyc esailing winter series - rya winter club championships 2021.

Cumulative Results

Central Cans Series Results (change tabs for different events)

Cumulative Results – Live

WOKC Live Results

BKL Women’s Championship Live Results

Family Class Race 1 Results  (.pdf, 178.17 KiB)

Family Class Race 2 Results  (.pdf, 127.68 KiB)

Family Class Race 3 Pursuit Results  (.pdf, 115.57 KiB)

Family Class Overall Results After 3 Races  (.pdf, 148.629 KiB)

eSailing Winter Series Event & Overall Results – Change tabs to view different events & overalls

Royal Southern Esailing Winter Series 2021 Responses Overall Results  (.pdf, 863.775 KiB)

12 - 12 Dec 2020 - Academy Winter Racing

17 - 18 oct 2020 academy trophy 2020, 19 - 20 sep 2020 summer series 4 - land union september regatta, 17 - 20 sep 2020 sb20 national championships, 12 - 13 sep 2020 passage race series: hamble scramble, 11 - 13 sep 2020 j/70 national championships 2020, 5 - 6 sep 2020 etchells bedrock trophy, 22 - 23 aug 2020 hamble classics 2020, 19 - 19 jul 2020 fortnightly family-friendly race 4: the great return race, 2 - 2 aug 2020 fortnightly family-friendly race 5: the final fortnightly, 12 - 12 jul 2020 fortnightly family-friendly race 3: belated independence day, 7 - 7 jun 2020 fortnightly family-friendly race 1: hamble cup, 23 - 30 apr 2020 esailing spring club championship, 13 - 13 apr 2020 open e-ster regatta, 9 - 16 apr 2020 esailing series, 14 - 15 mar 2020 the boysterous cup 2020, 25 - 28 mar 2020 academy frostbite series 2020.

Academy Winter Series Live Results

Academy Trophy 2020 Results  (.pdf, 144.721 KiB)

Overall Results

2020 SB20 UK Sprint Championship – Thursday 17th September

2020 SB20 UK Open & National Championship – Friday 18th – Sunday 20th September

Individual & Overall Results

Cumulative Race Results

Saturday Fun Race Results

Regatta Results

Family Friendly Fortnightly Overall Series Results  (.pdf, 111.632 KiB)

Belated Independence Day Results V2  (.pdf, 104.053 KiB)

Hamble Cup Results  (.pdf, 98.162 KiB)

eSailing Spring Club Championship – Qualifying Round

eSailing Spring Club Championship – Club Final

E Ster Regatta Results No Medal Race  (.pdf, 89.47 KiB)

eSailing Series #1 – 9th April 2020

eSailing Series #2 – 16th April 2020

eSailing Series Overall

Boysterous Cup 2019 Race By Race After 17  (.pdf, 200.961 KiB)

Boysterous Cup 2019 Overall After 17  (.pdf, 252.072 KiB)

Academy Frostbite Series 2020 Race Results  (.pdf, 104.376 KiB)

Academy Frostbite Series 2020 Overall Results  (.pdf, 89.726 KiB)

9 – 7 Dec 2019

Academy Winter Series 2019

• Academy Winter Series Event 1 Provisional Results (.pdf, 105.548 KiB)
• Academy Winter Series Event 2 Provisional Results Race By Race (.pdf, 112.542 KiB)
• Academy Winter Series Event 3 Provisional Results Race By Race (.pdf, 110.998 KiB)
• Academy Winter Series Provisional Event Results (.pdf, 99.012 KiB)
• Academy Winter Series Provisional Overall (.pdf, 98.412 KiB)

26 – 27 Oct 2019

Royal Southern Academy Trophy 2019

• Academy Trophy 2019 Overall Results (.pdf, 418.258 KiB)

11 – 13 Oct 2019

FAST 40+ Round 6 2019

• Fast 40 Round 6 Results Cumulative (.pdf, 99.621 KiB)
• Fast 40 Round 6 Results Race By Race (.pdf, 104.107 KiB)

14 – 15 Sep 2019

Land Union September Regatta supported by Doyle Sails

8 – 8 Sep 2019

Ancient Mariners Race 2019

2019 Results Of Ancient Mariners Race (.pdf, 118.752 KiB)

7 – 7 Sep 2019

Denise Cartlidge Ladies Race 2019

2019 Results Of Ladies Race (.pdf, 121.59 KiB)

18 – 20 Jul 2019

Landsail Tyres J-Cup 2019

J/70 UK Class Training Event 2019

13 – 14 Jul 2019

Summer Series High Points Series – Overall After July Regatta

Summer Series 3 – Champagne Charlie July Regatta

Summer Series 3, Champagne Charlie July Regatta – Yachtscoring Results

7 – 7 Jul 2019

The Vital Spark Pursuit Race 2019

Pursuit Race Results (.pdf, 145.574 KiB)

22 – 18 Aug 2019

Passage Race Series Results as of 23/08/19 – Including Deauville Race, Passage Race 1 (Round Wight by Night) and Passage Race 2 (Poole & Back)

Passage Series Overall Results 230819 (.pdf, 50.268 KiB)

22 – 23 Jun 2019

British Keelboat League – Youth Qualifier

Bkl Youth Qualifier Final Standings (.pdf, 511.851 KiB)

Bkl Youth Qualifier Race By Race Results (.pdf, 590.5 KiB)

15 – 16 Jun 2019

Summer Series High Points Series – Overall After June Regatta

Summer Series 2 – RigIt June Regatta

Summer Series 2, RigIt June Regatta – Yachtscoring Results

18 – 19 May 2019

Summer Series 1 – Antigua Sailing Week May Regatta

Summer Series 1, Antigua Sailing Week May Regatta – Yachtscoring Results

20 – 22 Apr 2019

Solent Cruiser Race 2019

26 – 16 Mar 2019

Royal Southern Academy Frostbite Series 2019

Academy Frostbite Series 2019 Final Results (.pdf, 210.972 KiB)

1 – 9 Nov 2019

IRC Solent Championships Results 2019

Irc Solent Championship Results 2019 (.pdf, 11.48 KiB)

15 – 16 Sep 2018

The Royal Southern Hamble Classics

All results other than Gaffer 1

Gaffer 1 Overall Results (.pdf, 102.855 KiB)

Gaffer 1 Race 1 (.pdf, 223.837 KiB)

Gaffer 1 Race 3 (.pdf, 233.295 KiB)

8 – 9 Sep 2018

Doyle Sails September Regatta, Inclusive of the Performance 40 Class Nationals

Event Results

20 – 22 Jul 2018

J/70 Nationals

2018 J/70 Nationals

14 – 15 Jul 2018

Charles Heidsieck July Regatta

• Charles Heidsieck July Regatta Cumulative (.pdf, 136.594 KiB)
• Charles Heidsieck July Regatta R1 (.pdf, 135.789 KiB)
• Charles Heidsieck July Regatta R2 (.pdf, 133.376 KiB)
• Charles Heidsieck July Regatta R3 (.pdf, 137.174 KiB)

Charles Heidsieck July Regatta R4 (.pdf, 137.062 KiB)

30 – 1 Jul 2018

RYA national Match Racing Championships – Qualifier 1

The Poole and Back Passage Race

2018 Passage Series Results

23 – 24 Jun 2018

Harken June Regatta

• Harken June Regatta Cumulative (.pdf, 160 KiB)
• Harken June Regatta R1 (.pdf, 160 KiB)
• Harken June Regatta R2 (.pdf, 160 KiB)
• Harken June Regatta R3 (.pdf, 160 KiB)
• Harken June Regatta R4 (.pdf, 156 KiB)
• Harken June Regatta R5 (.pdf, 156 KiB)
• Harken June Regatta R6 (.pdf, 144 KiB)

25 – 26 May 2018

2018 Cowes – Deauville Race

12 – 13 May 2018

North Sails May Regatta

Harkenmayregattacumulative (.pdf, 168 KiB)

Harkenmayregattar1 (.pdf, 144 KiB)

Harkenmayregattar2 (.pdf, 140 KiB)

Harkenmayregattar3 (.pdf, 140 KiB)

5 – 6 May 2018

X-Yachts Solent Cup

2018 X-Yachts Solent Cup

Family Overall (.pdf, 205.568 KiB)

Family Pursuit (.pdf, 169.911 KiB)

Family R1 (.pdf, 171.805 KiB)

27 – 29 Apr 2018

Fast 40+ Race Circuit – Round 1

• Charles Heidsieck July Regatta R4 (.pdf, 137.062 KiB) 30 – 1 Jul 2018RYA national Match Racing Championships – Qualifier 1
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Beer Club Tolsty Medved

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Field hockey - Dinamo Elektrostal Moscow

Hockey Club Dinamo Elektrostal is a field hockey team from Russia, based in Moscow. The club was founded in 1994.

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2021/2022 2018/2019 2017/2018 2017 2015/2016 2013/2014 2011/2012 2007/2008

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• Official name : Hockey Club Dinamo Elektrostal
• Country : Russia
• Location : Moscow
• Founded : 1994
• Wikipedia link : http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinamo_Elektrostal

Dinamo Elektrostal Moscow - Titles, trophies and places of honor

• Best result : First Round in 2021/2022
• Best result : 1st
• 1 times first in 2010
• 1 times second in 2009
• 1 times third in 2017

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The best golf clubs in moscow: luxury, exclusivity, and entertainment.

By Walter Raymond

February 24, 2015

• The Best Golf Clubs in…

In Russia, the western concept of building architecturally beautiful golf courses filled with modern and luxurious amenities has found fertile ground. What was considered a frivolous pastime during the time of the Soviets has become the latest trend for the stylish set. These days, there are countless options around Moscow to practice golf, polo, ski, yachting, and other sports alongside 5-star hotels, luxurious country houses, and magnificent villas.

The game of golf is a sport that requires passion and expertise. It is also part of a culture that considers this pastime a synonym of social prestige and exclusivity. In recent years, the new Russian elite has turned to golf as a vehicle of integration in the era of globalization. Golf courses are also meeting and socializing spaces where Muscovite tycoons can relax and also seal business deals.

Golf Courses in Russia

The Moscow Country Club, Pestovo Golf & Yacht Club, Tseleevo Golf & Polo Club, and Zavidovo Golf Club, PGA National Russia are some of the most exclusive and elegant golf courses in Russia. Some of them have made it to the list of Top 15 golf clubs in the world, a source of great prestige for the country.

Moscow Country Club Moscow Country Club

The first 18-hole golf course built in Russia, Moscow Country Club, hosts the exclusive PGA European Tour. Located just eight miles from the city center, this luxurious facility was created by architect Robert Trent Jones Jr . The design takes advantage of a typical Russian birch and spruce forest to provide a natural environment of extraordinary beauty.

Pestovo Golf & Yacht Club Pestovo Golf & Yacht Club

The Pestovo Golf & Yacht Club is 18 miles from the heart of Moscow, close to historical monuments from the 17th and 18th centuries. Designed by famed architects Paul and Dave Thomas , this 18-hole course is part of a complex that includes a yacht club, an equestrian center, and a health and wellness facility. Pestovo Golf & Yacht Club is Russia’s version of a classic country club with multiple attractions.

Tseleevo Golf & Polo Club Tseleevo Golf & Polo Club

This park is among the best in Eastern Europe and was awarded the 2014 World Golf Award as the best golf course in Russia. Located 25 miles from Moscow, it is part of a vast complex featuring an 18-hole golf course, designed by Jack Nicklaus , a polo club and a mountain ski club with four tracks. The design combines classic Scottish, Alpine, and English features in a dreamy landscape.

Zavidovo Golf Club, PGA National Russia Zavidovo Golf Club, PGA National Russia

Less than 60 miles from Moscow, this golf course with a definite Scottish design is the only one in Russia recognized as a PGA (Professional Golfers’ Association) from Britain and Ireland. Located in an ecologically pristine area on the banks of the Volga River, the Zavidovo Golf Club embodies the spirit and appearance of the legendary Scottish golf courses. Its many springs and streams, hills, forests, swamps and lakes justify its reputation as a very demanding circuit. Last year, it entered the exclusive club of the 15 best golf courses in the world.   ■

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SYC Salcombe Gin Regatta National 12 2022

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The Breakfast Club

501 S Main St, Moscow , Idaho 83843 USA

• Independent
• Credit Cards Accepted
• More in Moscow

Learn more about this business on Yelp .

“Breakfast & Lunch among friends”

The Breakfast Club has been a locally-owned Moscow breakfast staple for 12 years. The food is delicious, and the portions are appropriate (not gigantic). They have stuffed biscuits and gravy which is biscuits cut in half with eggs and bacon in the middle, covered in in-house made sausage gravy. If you are ever in Moscow in the wee hours of the morning, this is the place to stop!!!

Reviewed by Melanie B.

Phenomenal!!! We went to Moscow for a quick wkend trip and stumbled upon this spot! The wait was 45 mins (of which needed up being 20 / 30 mins! Nothing but positive things to say about The... Read more

Reviewed by Katrina B.

Great food, Great environment Great prices. I'm not coffee drinker but the coffee bar and the latte they made me was really good. The biscuits and gravy weren't the best but I had assumed as... Read more

Reviewed by Anna S.

A nice breakfast/brunch spot! The ambiance and decorations feel very classic diner though with a slight upscale vibe. We came a few minutes before their brunch was closing but they were still... Read more

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The dates for the Salcombe Town Regatta Dinghy Racing 2024 are Monday 5th - Friday 9th August.

We look forward to seeing you there!

If you purchase a Mill Bay boat park ticket (available from our online shop) please collect a sticker for your boat from the SYC office. (Stickers have to be displayed at all times).

sailwave results Salcombe Town Regatta 2022 ... Salcombe Town Regatta 2022 Salcombe Yacht Club. Competitor List Fleet Class SailNo HelmName CrewName PY Extra Col 1 Extra Col 2; Laser 4.7 156205 Charles Evans 1207 Laser 4.7 180342 Henry Evans 1208 Aero 7 1746 Simon Ballantine ...

sailwave results Salcombe Town Regatta Yawl 2022 ... Salcombe Town Regatta Yawl 2022 Salcombe Yacht Club. STR Yawl Handicap 2022 Yawl Blue Class. Sailed: 4, Discards: 1, To count: 3, Rating system: PY, Entries: 13, Scoring system: Appendix A. Rank Boat Class Sail number Helm

Salcombe Yacht Club Festive Series 2023/24 Eleven competitors, mainly in Solos, turned up for the 1st race of the Salcombe Yacht Club Festive Series 2023/24 on Saturday 23rd December. Despite the forecast westerly breeze, gusting over 30 knots, with Barney Greenhill running proceedings, racing went ahead, with a course comprising three loops of ...

sailwave results SYC Salcombe Gin Regatta Solo 2022 ... SYC Salcombe Gin Regatta Solo 2022 Salcombe Yacht Club. SYC Salcombe Gin Regatta Solo Overall. Sailed: 6, Discards: 1, To count: 5, Rating system: PY, Entries: 28, Scoring system: Appendix A. Rank

Club House. Club House; ROOM HIRE; MENUS - Wine and Food; OPENING HOURS & FOOD; Contact details. Cliff House Cliff Rd Salcombe Devon TQ8 8JQ UK. Phone : 01548 842593 Company No. 10627328 VAT No. 141485869 View on map

Town Regatta Entry's and Results . ... December 2022; March 2022; September 2020; August 2020; June 2020; February 2020; November 2019; August 2019; ... Sail World Monthly e-News Salcombe Yacht Club; Salcombe Yacht Club; Surf Report Salcombe; Tide Chart Salcombe; Watch House Live Wind Guru;

Racing. Salcombe is a beautiful sailing area with dramatic cliffs, golden beaches and unspoilt creeks. Families and friends can enjoy a great spectator sport either from the splendid vantage point of the Yacht Club terrace with a commanding view of the start and finish line or the beautiful golden sandy beaches of the East Portlemouth shore.

Yacht Scoring is a featured packed 100% web based regatta administration and scoring system that simplifies the task of competitor registration, event management, competitor and media communications while providing results in near-real time to competitors and the World following your event on the internet.

sailwave results SYC Salcombe Gin Regatta Morning Fleets 2022 ... SYC Salcombe Gin Regatta Morning Fleets 2022 Salcombe Yacht Club: Salcombe Gin Regatta Morning Fleets 2022 Enterprise Fleet. Sailed: 6, Discards: 1, To count: 5, Rating system: PY, Entries: 7, Scoring system: Appendix A ... Club Helm Crew Name PY R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 Total Nett; 1st ...

Related Articles Salcombe Yacht Club Festive Series 2023/24 Three days of very different racing before and after Christmas Eleven competitors, mainly in Solos, turned up for the first race of the Salcombe Yacht Club Festive Series 2023/24 on Saturday 23rd December. Despite the forecast westerly breeze, gusting over 30 knots, racing went ahead.

Wednesday. 7:00 AM for 8:00 AM. £10. Pre-registration necessary, either on Saturday in the Cliff House Gardens from 17:00 - 19:00, or on Sunday on Island Street from 12:00 - 14:00.

Yacht Scoring is a web based regatta management, regatta administration and regatta scoring system that simplifies the task of competitor registration, event management, competitor and media communications while providing results in near-real time to competitors and the World following your event on the internet.

8-9 July - Summer Series: Salcombe Gin July Regatta; 15-17 June 2023 - Key Yachting J Cup Regatta; 10-11 June 2023 - Passage Series: Portsmouth; ... Rsrnyc Optimist Spring Cup 2022 Results ... Royal Southern Yacht Club Rope Walk Hamble Southampton SO31 4HB . Phone: +44 (0) 2380 450 300.

sailwave results SYC Salcombe Gin Regatta Yawl 2022 ... SYC Salcombe Gin Regatta Yawl 2022 Salcombe Yacht Club: SYC Salcombe Gin Regatta Yawl Fleets 2022 Yawl Blue Class. Sailed: 6, Discards: 1, To count: 5, Rating system: PY, Entries: 22, Scoring system: Appendix A. Rank

Beer Club Tolsty Medved, Elektrostal: See 65 unbiased reviews of Beer Club Tolsty Medved, rated 4.5 of 5 on Tripadvisor and ranked #1 of 39 restaurants in Elektrostal.

Dinamo Elektrostal Moscow - Titles, trophies and places of honor. Men's Euro Hockey League since 2007/2008 (7 participations) . Best result : First Round in 2021/2022; EuroHockey Men's Club Trophy since 2008 . Best result : 1st

The 2024 Regatta, once again to be sponsored by Salcombe Gin, and will take place from 11th to 16th August 2024. We hope that the thought of summer sailing, fantastic racing, our SYC friendly welcome, golden beaches, the superbly located Yacht Club Terrace high above the race course with exceptional viewing of the racing, and the fun 'Après ...

Yacht Scoring is a web based regatta management, regatta administration and regatta scoring system that simplifies the task of competitor registration, event management, competitor and media communications while providing results in near-real time to competitors and the World following your event on the internet. ... 2022 Royal Southern Summer ...

The Pestovo Golf & Yacht Club is 18 miles from the heart of Moscow, close to historical monuments from the 17th and 18th centuries. Designed by famed architects Paul and Dave Thomas, this 18-hole course is part of a complex that includes a yacht club, an equestrian center, and a health and wellness facility. Pestovo Golf & Yacht Club is Russia ...

SYC Salcombe Gin Regatta 2021 National 12 Salcombe Yacht Club: SYC Salcombe Gin Regatta National 12 2022 Overall. Sailed: 6, Discards: 1, To count: 5, Rating system: PY, Entries: 10, Scoring system: Appendix A. Rank Boat Class Sail No Helm Crew Club PY R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 Total Nett; 1st: Whitebait: National 12: 3544:

The Breakfast Club has been a locally-owned Moscow breakfast staple for 12 years. The food is delicious, and the portions are appropriate (not gigantic). They have stuffed biscuits and gravy which is biscuits cut in half with eggs and bacon in the middle, covered in in-house made sausage gravy. If you are ever in Moscow in the wee hours of the morning, this is the place to stop!!!

Salcombe Town Regatta 2024. The dates for the Salcombe Town Regatta Dinghy Racing 2024 are Monday 5th - Friday 9th August. We look forward to seeing you there! If you purchase a Mill Bay boat park ticket (available from our online shop) please collect a sticker for your boat from the SYC office. (Stickers have to be displayed at all times).

Join us in 2024!

A robust fleet, beautiful scenery and festive parties at Lyman-Morse's new marina facility in Camden, Maine are all on tap for 2024.

Registration is Open!

Join us in 2024 for the 8th annual event

July 25-27, 2024, are you ready to race.

The Camden Classics Cup is one of the world’s most beautiful regattas - sailed where the mountains meet the sea off the lovely harbor town of Camden, Maine. The Camden Classics Cup aims to give sailors the time of their lives with terrific on-the-water racing, and stellar onshore events. 

Presented by Lyman-Morse with support from the CYOA, the Camden Classics Cup is a celebration of both classic yacht racing and boatbuilding. Featuring 2-days of racing for sailboats and a panoramic backdrop for powerboats. Participants will have access to Lyman-Morse's facilities, and a full weekend of events in the lovely town of Camden! 

We are very excited to be planning the 8th Annual Camden Classics Cup, July 25-27, 2024.

We would like to thank our sponsors! Please scroll down to take a look at the list from 2023 and we hope you will express your thanks to them for their support.

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Most people who need emergency medical care can be appropriately transported by ground ambulance. The sickest patients, however, need the critical care and speed that LifeFlight provides. 

LifeFlight services have been used by every hospital in the state, at  emergency scenes in more than 330 communities, islands and unorganized townships in every county in Maine.

Eighty per cent of LifeFlight’s missions are from rural, community hospitals to one of Maine’s three trauma centers, or to specialty centers in Boston. Twenty percent of the flights are to accident scenes. 

Since our establishment in 1998, more than 19,000 patients have been safely transported by ground or air.

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voyager 2 year

First to visit all four giant planets

Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to visit Uranus and Neptune. The probe is now in interstellar space, the region outside the heliopause, or the bubble of energetic particles and magnetic fields from the Sun.

Mission Type

What is Voyager 2?

NASA's Voyager 2 is the second spacecraft to enter interstellar space. On Dec. 10, 2018, the spacecraft joined its twin – Voyager 1 – as the only human-made objects to enter the space between the stars.

• Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to study all four of the solar system's giant planets at close range.
• Voyager 2 discovered a 14th moon at Jupiter.
• Voyager 2 was the first human-made object to fly past Uranus.
• At Uranus, Voyager 2 discovered 10 new moons and two new rings.
• Voyager 2 was the first human-made object to fly by Neptune.
• At Neptune, Voyager 2 discovered five moons, four rings, and a "Great Dark Spot."

In Depth: Voyager 2

The two-spacecraft Voyager missions were designed to replace original plans for a “Grand Tour” of the planets that would have used four highly complex spacecraft to explore the five outer planets during the late 1970s.

NASA canceled the plan in January 1972 largely due to anticipated costs (projected at $1 billion) and instead proposed to launch only two spacecraft in 1977 to Jupiter and Saturn. The two spacecraft were designed to explore the two gas giants in more detail than the two Pioneers (Pioneers 10 and 11) that preceded them.

In 1974, mission planners proposed a mission in which, if the first Voyager was successful, the second one could be redirected to Uranus and then Neptune using gravity assist maneuvers.

Each of the two spacecraft was equipped with a slow-scan color TV camera to take images of the planets and their moons and each also carried an extensive suite of instruments to record magnetic, atmospheric, lunar, and other data about the planetary systems.

The design of the two spacecraft was based on the older Mariners, and they were known as Mariner 11 and Mariner 12 until March 7, 1977, when NASA Administrator James C. Fletcher (1919-1991) announced that they would be renamed Voyager.

Power was provided by three plutonium oxide radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) mounted at the end of a boom.

Voyager 2 at Jupiter

Voyager 2 began transmitting images of Jupiter April 24, 1979, for time-lapse movies of atmospheric circulation. Unlike Voyager 1, Voyager 2 made close passes to the Jovian moons on its way into the system, with scientists especially interested in more information from Europa and Io (which necessitated a 10 hour-long “volcano watch”).

During its encounter, it relayed back spectacular photos of the entire Jovian system, including its moons Callisto, Ganymede, Europa (at a range of about 127,830 miles or 205,720 kilometers, much closer than Voyager 1), Io, and Amalthea, all of which had already been surveyed by Voyager 1.

Voyager 2’s closest encounter to Jupiter was at 22:29 UT July 9, 1979, at a range of about 400,785 miles (645,000 kilometers). It transmitted new data on the planet’s clouds, its newly discovered four moons, and ring system as well as 17,000 new pictures.

When the earlier Pioneers flew by Jupiter, they detected few atmospheric changes from one encounter to the second, but Voyager 2 detected many significant changes, including a drift in the Great Red Spot as well as changes in its shape and color.

With the combined cameras of the two Voyagers, at least 80% of the surfaces of Ganymede and Callisto were mapped out to a resolution of about 3 miles (5 kilometers).

Voyager 2 at Saturn

Following a course correction two hours after its closest approach to Jupiter, Voyager 2 sped to Saturn, its trajectory determined to a large degree by a decision made in January 1981, to try to send the spacecraft to Uranus and Neptune later in the decade.

Its encounter with the sixth planet began Aug. 22, 1981, two years after leaving the Jovian system, with imaging of the moon Iapetus. Once again, Voyager 2 repeated the photographic mission of its predecessor, although it actually flew about 14,290 miles (23,000 kilometers) closer to Saturn. The closest encounter to Saturn was at 01:21 UT Aug. 26, 1981, at a range of about 63,000 miles (101,000 kilometers).

The spacecraft provided more detailed images of the ring “spokes” and kinks, and also the F-ring and its shepherding moons, all found by Voyager 1. Voyager 2’s data suggested that Saturn’s A-ring was perhaps only about 980 feet (300 meters) thick.

As it flew behind and up past Saturn, the probe passed through the plane of Saturn’s rings at a speed of 8 miles per second (13 kilometers per second). For several minutes during this phase, the spacecraft was hit by thousands of micron-sized dust grains that created “puff” plasma as they were vaporized. Because the vehicle’s attitude was repeatedly shifted by the particles, attitude control jets automatically fired many times to stabilize the vehicle.

During the encounter, Voyager 2 also photographed the Saturn moons Hyperion (the “hamburger moon”), Enceladus, Tethys, and Phoebe as well as the more recently discovered Helene, Telesto and Calypso.

Voyager 2 at Uranus

Although Voyager 2 had fulfilled its primary mission goals with the two planetary encounters, mission planners directed the veteran spacecraft to Uranus—a journey that would take about 4.5 years.

In fact, its encounter with Jupiter was optimized in part to ensure that future planetary flybys would be possible.

The Uranus encounter’s geometry was also defined by the possibility of a future encounter with Neptune: Voyager 2 had only 5.5 hours of close study during its flyby.

Voyager 2 was the first human-made object to fly past the planet Uranus.

Long-range observations of the planet began Nov. 4, 1985, when signals took approximately 2.5 hours to reach Earth. Light conditions were 400 times less than terrestrial conditions. Closest approach to Uranus took place at 17:59 UT Jan. 24, 1986, at a range of about 50,640 miles (81,500 kilometers).

During its flyby, Voyager 2 discovered 10 new moons (given such names as Puck, Portia, Juliet, Cressida, Rosalind, Belinda, Desdemona, Cordelia, Ophelia, and Bianca -- obvious allusions to Shakespeare), two new rings in addition to the “older” nine rings, and a magnetic field tilted at 55 degrees off-axis and off-center.

The spacecraft found wind speeds in Uranus’ atmosphere as high as 450 miles per hour (724 kilometers per hour) and found evidence of a boiling ocean of water some 497 miles (800 kilometers) below the top cloud surface. Its rings were found to be extremely variable in thickness and opacity.

Voyager 2 also returned spectacular photos of Miranda, Oberon, Ariel, Umbriel, and Titania, five of Uranus’ larger moons. In flying by Miranda at a range of only 17,560 miles (28,260 kilometers), the spacecraft came closest to any object so far in its nearly decade-long travels. Images of the moon showed a strange object whose surface was a mishmash of peculiar features that seemed to have no rhyme or reason. Uranus itself appeared generally featureless.

The spectacular news of the Uranus encounter was interrupted the same week by the tragic Challenger accident that killed seven astronauts during their space shuttle launch Jan. 28, 1986.

Voyager 2 at Neptune

Following the Uranus encounter, the spacecraft performed a single midcourse correction Feb. 14, 1986—the largest ever made by Voyager 2—to set it on a precise course to Neptune.

Voyager 2’s encounter with Neptune capped a 4.3 billion-mile (7 billion-kilometer) journey when, on Aug. 25, 1989, at 03:56 UT, it flew about 2,980 miles (4,800 kilometers) over the cloud tops of the giant planet, the closest of its four flybys. It was the first human-made object to fly by the planet. Its 10 instruments were still in working order at the time.

During the encounter, the spacecraft discovered six new moons (Proteus, Larissa, Despina, Galatea, Thalassa, and Naiad) and four new rings.

The planet itself was found to be more active than previously believed, with 680-mile (1,100-kilometer) per hour winds. Hydrogen was found to be the most common atmospheric element, although the abundant methane gave the planet its blue appearance.

Images revealed details of the three major features in the planetary clouds—the Lesser Dark Spot, the Great Dark Spot, and Scooter.

Voyager photographed two-thirds of Neptune’s largest moon Triton, revealing the coldest known planetary body in the solar system and a nitrogen ice “volcano” on its surface. Spectacular images of its southern hemisphere showed a strange, pitted cantaloupe-type terrain.

The flyby of Neptune concluded Voyager 2’s planetary encounters, which spanned an amazing 12 years in deep space, virtually accomplishing the originally planned “Grand Tour” of the solar system, at least in terms of targets reached if not in science accomplished.

Voyager 2's Interstellar Mission

Once past the Neptune system, Voyager 2 followed a course below the ecliptic plane and out of the solar system. Approximately 35 million miles (56 million kilometers) past the encounter, Voyager 2’s instruments were put in low power mode to conserve energy.

After the Neptune encounter, NASA formally renamed the entire project the Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM).

Of the four spacecraft sent out to beyond the environs of the solar system in the 1970s, three of them -- Voyagers 1 and 2 and Pioneer 11 -- were all heading in the direction of the solar apex, i.e., the apparent direction of the Sun’s travel in the Milky Way galaxy, and thus would be expected to reach the heliopause earlier than Pioneer 10 which was headed in the direction of the heliospheric tail.

In November 1998, 21 years after launch, nonessential instruments were permanently turned off, leaving seven instruments still operating.

At 9.6 miles per second (15.4 kilometers per second) relative to the Sun, it will take about 19,390 years for Voyager 2 to traverse a single light year.

Asif Siddiqi

Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration

Through the turn of the century, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) continued to receive ultraviolet and particle fields data. For example, on Jan. 12, 2001, an immense shock wave that had blasted out of the outer heliosphere on July 14, 2000, finally reached Voyager 2. During its six-month journey, the shock wave had plowed through the solar wind, sweeping up and accelerating charged particles. The spacecraft provided important information on high-energy shock-energized ions.

On Aug. 30, 2007, Voyager 2 passed the termination shock and then entered the heliosheath. By Nov. 5, 2017, the spacecraft was 116.167 AU (about 10.8 billion miles or about 17.378 billion kilometers) from Earth, moving at a velocity of 9.6 miles per second (15.4 kilometers per second) relative to the Sun, heading in the direction of the constellation Telescopium. At this velocity, it would take about 19,390 years to traverse a single light-year.

On July 8, 2019, Voyager 2 successfully fired up its trajectory correction maneuver thrusters and will be using them to control the pointing of the spacecraft for the foreseeable future. Voyager 2 last used those thrusters during its encounter with Neptune in 1989.

The spacecraft's aging attitude control thrusters have been experiencing degradation that required them to fire an increasing and untenable number of pulses to keep the spacecraft's antenna pointed at Earth. Voyager 1 had switched to its trajectory correction maneuver thrusters for the same reason in January 2018.

To ensure that both vintage robots continue to return the best scientific data possible from the frontiers of space, mission engineers are implementing a new plan to manage them. The plan involves making difficult choices, particularly about instruments and thrusters.

National Space Science Data Center: Voyager 2

A library of technical details and historic perspective.

A comprehensive history of missions sent to explore beyond Earth.

Discover More Topics From NASA

After 45 years, the 5-billion-year legacy of the Voyager 2 interstellar probe is just beginning

This article was originally published at  The Conversation.  The publication contributed the article to Space.com's  Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights .

Alice Gorman , Associate Professor in Archaeology and Space Studies, Flinders University

On Aug. 20, 1977, 45 years ago, an extraordinary spacecraft left this planet on a journey like no other.  Voyager 2  was going to show us, for the first time, what the outer solar system planets looked like close-up. It was like sending a fly to New York City and asking it to report back.

Voyager 1 was launched after Voyager 2, on Sept.5. Attached to the flank of each Voyager was a Golden Record carrying greetings, sounds, images and music from Earth .

The spacecraft were more or less twins, but they had different trajectories and scientific instruments. While both flew by Jupiter and Saturn , Voyager 1 then sped onwards to interstellar space. Voyager 2 tarried to make the only visit ever to the ice giants, Uranus and Neptune .

Gallery : Celebrate 45 years of Voyager with these amazing images of our solar system

The many-colored worlds

Arriving at Uranus in 1986, Voyager 2 mapped pale blue-green clouds and a possible "dark spot," which was later confirmed by the  Hubble Space Telescope . There was an unexpected  magnetic field , which dragged a corkscrew trail of particles behind the planet as it rolled in its orbit. Ten  new moons  were discovered, including the grey, cratered  Puck , and two new coal-black rings.

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Three years later Voyager 2 reached Neptune and sent home images of teal and cobalt clouds swirled by winds up to 11,000 mph (18,000 kph). A slate-colored "great dark spot" indicated a storm the diameter of Earth. The largest moon, Triton , was blushed pink from methane ice and spouted  geysers of frozen nitrogen .

No spacecraft has been back since.

Messages to the future

Even more than these glimpses of the far icy planets, what fascinates people about the Voyager mission is the famous  Golden Records . A committee led by visionary astronomer Carl Sagan   worked for over a year  to assemble materials to represent planet Earth. The music garners the most attention as the "mix tape for the universe," but it's not the only highlight.

One of the sounds of Earth is the  manufacture of stone tools , or "knapping." This is the most durable technology humans and their ancestors have devised, in use  from around 3 million years  ago to the present day. For most of human existence, the sound of stone striking stone to detach a sharp-edged cutting flake was heard daily in every community.

On the record, you can hear the thuds of stone against the sound of heartbeats.

In one of the 116 images, a Black scientist in a lab coat bends over a microscope, tiered earrings falling gracefully from her ears. The earrings were the subject of some debate: would a future alien viewer recognize the concept of "jewelry"? It was hoped this image, together with the  photomicrograph  of cells dividing in image 17, would help viewers figure out that the science of microscopy was known on our planet.

People recorded  messages in 55 languages . Some are ancient languages, such as  Akkadian  and Hittite, not heard on Earth for thousands of years. The most common words used are "greetings," "peace" and "friend." The Portuguese greeting, spoken by Janet Sternberg, says simply "Peace and happiness to all."

The long farewell

Finally, in 2018, Voyager 2 joined Voyager 1 beyond the heliopause, where the solar wind is turned back by winds from interstellar space. Our galaxy is 100,000 light-years across, and Voyager 2 is now just under 18 light-hours away from Earth.

Both spacecraft send reedy signals that wend their way between the planets to the three antennas which are still listening:  Tidbinbilla , Goldstone and Madrid.

Before they can truly leave, the Voyagers will have to travel through the  Oort Cloud , a vast, dark sphere of icy objects surrounding the solar system, for another 20,000 years.

Slowly, Voyager 2's  systems are being shut down  to eke out the power as long as possible. But sometime in the 2030s there will be none left.

Even after Voyager 2 stops transmitting, it won't be completely dead. The half-life of the plutonium-238 in its nuclear power source is 87.7 years, while that of the the small patch of  uranium-238 coating  on the Golden Record is 4.5 billion years. Both elements are slowly turning into lead.

The radioactive transmutation of the elements is a kind of reverse alchemy at a cosmic time scale. This process of becoming will not end until there is nothing on Voyager 2 left to be transformed.

Cultural significance

Constant bombardment by dust particles will gradually erode the surfaces of Voyager 2, likely at a higher rate than Voyager 1 because it's traveling through different regions of interstellar space. However, its Golden Record should be  at least partially legible  after 5 billion years.

The Earth portrayed on the Golden Records will probably be unrecognizable even 100 years from now. The spacecraft and the records will remain as a fragmentary archaeological record for an unknowable future.

— Alien-hunting array catches Voyager 1 signal from interstellar space — Voyager turns 45: What the iconic mission taught us and what's next — Voyager 1 marks 10 years in interstellar space

While the Golden Records are endlessly fascinating, the true cultural significance of the Voyagers lies in their location. The spacecraft are boundary markers showing the physical extent of human engagement with the universe.

When the Voyagers cease transmission, it will be like losing a sense. Telescopes can only show us so much: there is no substitute for being there.

Who will follow in their path?

This article is republished from  The Conversation  under a Creative Commons license. Read the  original article .

Follow all of the Expert Voices issues and debates — and become part of the discussion — on Facebook and Twitter. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher.

Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: [email protected] .

Dr. Alice Gorman is an internationally recognized leader in the field of space archaeology. She is an Associate Professor in the College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences at Flinders University, where she teaches the Archaeology of Modern Society.

Her research focuses on the archaeology and heritage of space exploration, including space junk, planetary landing sites, off-earth mining, rocket launch pads and antennas.

She is a member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Advisory Council of the Space Industry Association of Australia and the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies.

Her book "Dr. Space Junk vs the Universe: Archaeology and the Future" (2019) won the Mark and Evette Moran NIB People's Choice Award for Non-Fiction and the John Mulvaney Book Prize, awarded by the Australian Archaeological Association. It was also shortlisted for the Queensland Premier's Literary Awards, the NSW Premier's Literary Awards, and the Adelaide Festival Literary Awards.

Alice tweets as @drspacejunk and blogs at Space Age Archaeology .

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August 19, 2022

by Alice Gorman, The Conversation

On August 20 1977, 45 years ago, an extraordinary spacecraft left this planet on a journey like no other. Voyager 2 was going to show us, for the first time, what the outer solar system planets looked like close-up. It was like sending a fly to New York City and asking it to report back.

Voyager 1 was launched after Voyager 2, on September 5. Attached to the flank of each Voyager was a Golden Record carrying greetings, sounds, images and music from Earth.

The spacecraft were more or less twins, but they had different trajectories and scientific instruments. While both flew by Jupiter and Saturn, Voyager 1 then sped onwards to interstellar space. Voyager 2 tarried to make the only visit ever to the ice giants, Uranus and Neptune.

Arriving at Uranus in 1986, Voyager 2 mapped pale blue-green clouds and a possible "dark spot," which was later confirmed by the Hubble Space Telescope . There was an unexpected magnetic field , which dragged a corkscrew trail of particles behind the planet as it rolled in its orbit. Ten new moons were discovered, including the gray, cratered Puck , and two new coal-black rings.

Three years later Voyager 2 reached Neptune and sent home images of teal and cobalt clouds swirled by winds up to 18,000 kilometers per hour. A slate-colored "great dark spot" indicated a storm the diameter of Earth. The largest moon, Triton, was blushed pink from methane ice and spouted geysers of frozen nitrogen .

Even more than these glimpses of the far icy planets, what fascinates people about the Voyager mission is the famous Golden Records . A committee led by visionary astronomer Carl Sagan worked for over a year to assemble materials to represent planet Earth. The music garners the most attention as the "mix tape for the universe," but it's not the only highlight.

One of the sounds of Earth is the manufacture of stone tools , or "knapping." This is the most durable technology humans and their ancestors have devised, in use from around 3 million years ago to the present day. For most of human existence, the sound of stone striking stone to detach a sharp-edged cutting flake was heard daily in every community.

On the record , you can hear the thuds of stone against the sound of heartbeats.

In one of the 116 images, a Black scientist in a lab coat bends over a microscope, tiered earrings falling gracefully from her ears. The earrings were the subject of some debate: would a future alien viewer recognize the concept of "jewelry"? It was hoped this image, together with the photomicrograph of cells dividing in image 17, would help viewers figure out that the science of microscopy was known on our planet.

People recorded messages in 55 languages . Some are ancient languages, such as Akkadian and Hittite, not heard on Earth for thousands of years. The most common words used are "greetings," "peace" and "friend." The Portuguese greeting, spoken by Janet Sternberg, says simply "Peace and happiness to all."

Both spacecraft send reedy signals that wend their way between the planets to the three antennas which are still listening: Tidbinbilla , Goldstone and Madrid.

Before they can truly leave, the Voyagers will have to travel through the Oort Cloud , a vast, dark sphere of icy objects surrounding the solar system, for another 20,000 years.

Slowly, Voyager 2's systems are being shut down to eke out the power as long as possible. But sometime in the 2030s there will be none left.

Even after Voyager 2 stops transmitting, it won't be completely dead. The half-life of the plutonium-238 in its nuclear power source is 87.7 years, while that of the the small patch of uranium-238 coating on the Golden Record is 4.5 billion years. Both elements are slowly turning into lead.

Constant bombardment by dust particles will gradually erode the surfaces of Voyager 2, likely at a higher rate than Voyager 1 because it's traveling through different regions of interstellar space. However, its Golden Record should be at least partially legible after 5 billion years.

Provided by The Conversation

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Voyager 2 has been in space for 45 years. nasa just found a way to keep it alive for another 3, despite it being 12 billion miles from earth..

• NASA has hacked a backup source of power to keep Voyager 2 working.
• The switch should keep the probe, which launched in 1977, alive for another three years.
• Together, Voyager 1 and 2 have traveled further than any other spacecraft.

Voyager 2's demise has been postponed after NASA found a way to hack a backup source of power to keep the probe going until 2026. 

Voyager 1 and 2 have provided crucial scientific information in their 45 years of spaceflight.

Today, the probes are traveling in interstellar space, 12 and 14 billion miles away from Earth. That's further than any spacecraft or human-made object has gone before.

"The science data that the Voyagers are returning gets more valuable the farther away from the sun they go," said Linda Spilker , Voyager's project scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California.

"We are definitely interested in keeping as many science instruments operating as long as possible."

The probes have been traveling for 45 years

Voyager 1 and 2 set off a month apart in 1977 . The probes were initially meant to set off on a four-year mission to sail past Saturn and Jupiter. They were launched with a "golden record" with information that would provide aliens with information about the Earth. 

Related stories

But the probes kept exceeding expectations, and NASA has continually extended their missions , first to visit Neptune and Uranus, then to sail further than any other probe: past the heliosphere. 

The heliosphere is a bubble of particles and magnetic fields that extend from the sun. This sphere is particularly important for Earth because it protects us from galactic cosmic radiation.

Because the probes are now outside of this heliosphere, their measurements provide unprecedented insights into the bubble's properties, like its shape and its protective role.  

NASA hacked the ancient probe's power system 

The probes are powered by generators that convert heat from decaying plutonium into electricity. As this energy source becomes weaker, NASA engineers have had to shut down non-essential instruments, like the probes' cameras and heaters, to conserve power. 

But as Voyager 2 was entering its last energy reserves, NASA engineers came up with a clever hack that would allow it to stay alive a little longer.

They found a way to divert power from a safety mechanism designed to turn on if the probes' circuit malfunctions because of voltage variations.

"Variable voltages pose a risk to the instruments, but we've determined that it's a small risk, and the alternative offers a big reward of being able to keep the science instruments turned on longer," said Suzanne Dodd, Voyager's project manager at JPL, said in a press release. 

"We've been monitoring the spacecraft for a few weeks, and it seems like this new approach is working."

NASA may consider using it on Voyager 1. One of Voyager 1's instruments previously malfunctioned, which means the probe has not been using up as much power as Voyager 2.

The decision to switch off instruments for Voyager 1 will be made next year, according to the space agency. 

Watch: 8 weird robots NASA wants to send to space

• Main content

Voyager 1 enters interstellar space in an illustration. The NASA spacecraft officially crossed into the space between the stars in 2012.

Both of NASA's Voyager spacecraft are now interstellar. Where to next?

Launched in 1977, the twin probes will likely outlive the sun. Find out what star systems they’ll meet as they head deeper into the galaxy.

NASA’s twin Voyager spacecraft have been traveling the interstellar road for more than 40 years, sweeping past the giant planets of the outer solar system before heading to the very fringes of our sun’s domain. Now, one probe has achieved a milestone in exploration: On December 10, NASA announced that Voyager 2 has entered interstellar space , six years after Voyager 1 first crossed the threshold. The twins are the only two spacecraft ever to venture so far from home.

To confirm Voyager 2's exit, scientists analyzed data from the spacecraft's Plasma Science Experiment , which measured the heliopause—the boundary between the sun's protective plasma bubble and interstellar space. On November 5, the instrument recorded a steep decline in particles from the sun's plasma. At the same time, Voyager 2 saw more high-energy particles from elsewhere in the galaxy, confirming that the probe had left our cosmic cul-de-sac.

"Working on Voyager makes me feel like an explorer, because everything we're seeing is new," MIT researcher John Richardson, the principal investigator for the plasma experiment, said in a statement . "Even though Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause in 2012, it did so at a different place and a different time, and without the PLS data. So we're still seeing things that no one has seen before."

But even at more than 11 billion miles from the sun, the Voyagers’ story is just beginning. On their current paths, both probes will still be heading outward across the galaxy eons after they escape the gravitational tug of the sun, and perhaps long after our star dies in four or five billion years. Should the spacecraft ever be intercepted by an alien civilization, two golden records bearing the sights and sounds of planet Earth could play the last whispers of a long-dead planet.

Assuming they stay on course, it’s going to be a lonely trip for the Voyagers, because even though our Earthly skies appear to glitter with countless pinpricks of light, space is mostly empty. Distances between the stars are so vast that even when our galaxy smashes into the one next door , not much will happen in the way of stellar collisions.

Still, according to astronomers’ predictions, their cosmic treks will bring the Voyagers close to several starry milestones and a dust cloud or three over the next hundred thousand or so years. Here are some of the known cosmic landmarks the Voyagers could meet in their relatively near futures.

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Launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on August 20, 1977, the dairy cow-size Voyager 2 began its odyssey with a grand tour of the outer solar system, making vital discoveries at Jupiter and Saturn and returning some of the best views yet of Uranus and Neptune.

The probe is now dipping below the plane of the solar system at roughly 34,500 miles an hour and heading celestially south, toward the constellation Sagittarius. On November 5, 2018, it crossed the heliopause, exiting the sun’s protective plasma bubble.

Voyager 2 may be freshly interstellar, but it won’t be anywhere near another star until 40,000 years from now, when it will pass within 1.7 light-years of the small red dwarf star Ross 248. At that point, Ross 248 will be the closest star to our sun, briefly eclipsing the Alpha Centauri system’s claim to fame as its path through the galaxy brings it just 3.02 light-years away.

About 61,000 years from now, Voyager 2 will pass beyond the Oort Cloud—a large, diffuse swarm of icy objects that is thought to extend as far as 200,000 times farther from the sun than Earth, says Wesleyan University’s Seth Redfield .

Voyager 2 may be freshly interstellar, but it won’t be anywhere near another star until 40,000 years from now.

Most scientists think the Oort cloud is the source of comets that take thousands of years to complete one orbit around the sun. It could also be the true boundary of the solar system, if you consider that to be the point where the sun’s gravitational influence drops off.

“The outer edge of the Oort Cloud is approximately where that is,” says Redfield, who has used the Hubble Space Telescope to study the Voyagers’ paths in detail for the next hundred thousand years, and more crudely for the next several million.

Next, in the year 298,000 Voyager 2 will swing within about four light-years of Sirius, the brightest star in Earth’s sky. It’ll then brush by two stars, delta Pav and GJ 754, about a hundred thousand years later.

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Voyager 1 followed its twin into the sky on September 5, 1977. It rendezvoused with Jupiter and Saturn in 1979 and 1980, returning some spectacular views of volcanoes erupting on the Jovian moon Io, then continued outward.

On February 14, 1990, it swiveled to capture the solar system retreating from its view, including a series of images that revealed our pale blue planet looking like “a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam,” according to Carl Sagan.

Now traveling more than 35,000 miles an hour in the direction of the constellation Ophiuchus, Voyager 1 is the fastest human-made object in space. In 2013, it became the first spacecraft to leave the heliosphere and cross into interstellar space.

In the year 40,272, the spacecraft will sail within 1.7 light-years of the star Gliese 445 in the constellation Camelopardalis.

In 56,000 years, Voyager 1 will exit the Oort cloud, then brush by the stars GJ 686 and GJ 678 in 570,000 years.

Wandering Wonders

Beyond that, both spacecraft will continue on their journeys outward, passing through scattered dust clouds on their way through the local bubble, a cavern of relatively empty space blown by tempestuous dying stars. They’ll exit this bubble in 5.7 and 6.3 million years, respectively.

From there, things get murky. The peculiar motions of stars and dust clouds orbiting the galactic center aren’t well known yet, and the spacecraft could be slowed by sailing through dust clouds. Plus, gravitational encounters with things like wandering, starless planets could bounce the probes around like billiard balls.

“There may be a whole population of rogue planets out in interstellar space,” Redfield says. “A mildly close encounter with one of those could change the itinerary of the Voyagers.”

Ultimately, like the stars in the Milky Way, the Voyagers will march to the galaxy’s tune and orbit its core for the rest of their lives.

“All the stars in the solar neighborhood are in an orbit around the center of the Milky Way, with orbital periods of 225 to 250 million years,” says Voyager project scientist Ed Stone . “The Voyagers will also be in such independent orbits, completing an orbit every 225 million years for billions of years until a collision with another galaxy disrupts this orderly flow.”

That might occur in four billion years, when the neighboring Andromeda galaxy smashes into the Milky Way and rearranges our skies in spectacular ways.

How the Voyagers’ ultimate demise occurs—whether it’s death by a thousand micrometeorite impacts, or one large improbable collision—remains a mystery. It’s even possible the Voyagers will outlive the solar system, surviving long after the sun’s death sculpts our neighborhood into a dramatically different place.

“The universe tends to do a great job of preserving its occupants,” Redfield says. After all, “the objects in our solar system, even small objects, have been around for 4.5 billion years.”

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Earth to Voyager 2: After a Year in the Darkness, We Can Talk to You Again

NASA’s sole means of sending commands to the distant space probe, launched 44 years ago, is being restored on Friday.

By Shannon Stirone

In the nearly 44 years since NASA launched Voyager 2 , the spacecraft has gone beyond the frontiers of human exploration by visiting Uranus, Neptune and, eventually, interstellar space .

Last March, the agency was compelled to shut down its only means of reaching 12 billion miles across the heavens to this robotic trailblazer . On Friday, Earth’s haunting silence will come to an end as NASA switches that communications channel back on, restoring humanity’s ability to say hello to its distant explorer.

Because of the direction in which it is flying out of the solar system, Voyager 2 can only receive commands from Earth via one antenna in the entire world. It’s called DSS 43 and it is in Canberra, Australia. It is part of the Deep Space Network, or DSN , which along with stations in California and Spain, is how NASA and allied space agencies stay in touch with the armada of robotic spacecraft exploring everything from the sun’s corona to the regions of the Kuiper belt beyond the orbit of Pluto . (Voyager 2’s twin, Voyager 1, is able to communicate with the other two stations.)

A round-trip communication with Voyager 2 takes about 35 hours — 17 hours and 35 minutes each way .

DSS 43 is a 70-meter dish that has been operating since 1973. It was long overdue for upgrades, especially with new robotic missions headed to Mars this year and even more preparing to launch to study other worlds in the months and years to come. So last year, the dish was switched off and dismantled, even though the shutdown posed considerable risk to the geriatric Voyager 2 probe.

Like everything in 2020, what would have been a normal antenna upgrade was anything but. Usually, the mission’s managers at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California would send about 30 experts to oversee the dish’s makeover. But restrictions imposed during the Covid-19 pandemic reduced the team to four.

At the Canberra station, the crew working on the upgrade had to be separated into three smaller teams, said Glen Nagle, outreach manager at the Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex. “So there was always a backup team in case anybody got sick, and you could put that team in isolation, and the other team could come in and cover for them.” They also split the teams into morning and evening shifts to ensure social distancing.

While Voyager 2 was able to call home on the Canberra site’s smaller dishes during the shutdown, none of them could send commands to the probe. If anything had gone wrong aboard the probe during the last year, NASA would have been powerless to fix it.

Although NASA has been unable to send full commands to Voyager 2, it did send one test message to the spacecraft at the end of October when the antenna was mostly reassembled. A device on board called the command loss timer, something like a dead man’s switch, is used to help the spacecraft determine whether it’s lost contact with Earth and should protect itself by going into a form of electronic slumber. The October test reset the timer, and successfully told the spacecraft to continue operating.

“I think there was probably a big sigh of relief there,” Mr. Nagle said. “And we were very pleased to be able to confirm that the spacecraft was still talking to us.”

The work got high marks from NASA officials in the United States.

“The DSN folks in Canberra did a remarkable job under the pandemic conditions just to upgrade DSS 43,” said Suzanne Dodd, the Voyager mission project manager and director of the Interplanetary Network Directorate at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “I’ve got 100 percent confidence in that antenna, that it will operate just fine for a few more decades. Long past when the Voyagers are done.”

Both Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 hold the records for the farthest a spacecraft has ever traveled and for the longest operating mission. Voyager 2 has had a few hiccups over the years, but it is still feeling its way around in the dark, making discoveries about the boundaries that separate our solar system from the rest of the Milky Way galaxy .

“I’ve seen scientists whose backgrounds are in astrophysics now looking at Voyager data and trying to match that up with data they have from ground-based telescopes or other space-based telescopes,” Ms. Dodd said. “That’s kind of exciting to go from a planetary mission to the heliophysics mission and now, practically into an astrophysics mission.”

While Voyager 2 keeps chugging along, Ms. Dodd and her colleagues are preparing to switch off the heater for one of its scientific sensors, the Low Energy Charged Particle instrument. Doing so will ensure that the spacecraft’s limited power supply can keep its other systems, particularly its communications antenna, warm enough to function.

While Ms. Dodd thinks taking such steps could reduce the spacecraft’s scientific output, the main goal now is longevity.

“The challenge is not in the new technology, or the great discoveries,” Ms. Dodd said. “The challenge is in keeping it operating as long as possible, and returning the science data as long as possible.”

The team estimates that both spacecraft can operate for another four to eight years, and NASA last year granted the team three more years of flying time.

“The spacecraft continues to plug along,” Ms. Dodd said. “It always surprises me.”

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Using information from a NASA official, an earlier version of this article misstated a change that was made to the Voyager 2 spacecraft. The heater for the spacecraft's Low Energy Charged Particle instrument was switched off, not the instrument itself.

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• The Contents
• The Making of
• Where Are They Now
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Q & A with Ed Stone

golden record

Where are they now.

• frequently asked questions
• Q&A with Ed Stone

The Voyager Planetary Mission

The twin spacecraft Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were launched by NASA in separate months in the summer of 1977 from Cape Canaveral, Florida. As originally designed, the Voyagers were to conduct closeup studies of Jupiter and Saturn, Saturn's rings, and the larger moons of the two planets.

To accomplish their two-planet mission, the spacecraft were built to last five years. But as the mission went on, and with the successful achievement of all its objectives, the additional flybys of the two outermost giant planets, Uranus and Neptune, proved possible -- and irresistible to mission scientists and engineers at the Voyagers' home at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

As the spacecraft flew across the solar system, remote-control reprogramming was used to endow the Voyagers with greater capabilities than they possessed when they left the Earth. Their two-planet mission became four. Their five-year lifetimes stretched to 12 and more.

Eventually, between them, Voyager 1 and 2 would explore all the giant outer planets of our solar system, 48 of their moons, and the unique systems of rings and magnetic fields those planets possess.

Had the Voyager mission ended after the Jupiter and Saturn flybys alone, it still would have provided the material to rewrite astronomy textbooks. But having doubled their already ambitious itineraries, the Voyagers returned to Earth information over the years that has revolutionized the science of planetary astronomy, helping to resolve key questions while raising intriguing new ones about the origin and evolution of the planets in our solar system.

History of the Voyager Mission

The Voyager mission was designed to take advantage of a rare geometric arrangement of the outer planets in the late 1970s and the 1980s which allowed for a four-planet tour for a minimum of propellant and trip time. This layout of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, which occurs about every 175 years, allows a spacecraft on a particular flight path to swing from one planet to the next without the need for large onboard propulsion systems. The flyby of each planet bends the spacecraft's flight path and increases its velocity enough to deliver it to the next destination. Using this "gravity assist" technique, first demonstrated with NASA's Mariner 10 Venus/Mercury mission in 1973-74, the flight time to Neptune was reduced from 30 years to 12.

While the four-planet mission was known to be possible, it was deemed to be too expensive to build a spacecraft that could go the distance, carry the instruments needed and last long enough to accomplish such a long mission. Thus, the Voyagers were funded to conduct intensive flyby studies of Jupiter and Saturn only. More than 10,000 trajectories were studied before choosing the two that would allow close flybys of Jupiter and its large moon Io, and Saturn and its large moon Titan; the chosen flight path for Voyager 2 also preserved the option to continue on to Uranus and Neptune.

From the NASA Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida, Voyager 2 was launched first, on August 20, 1977; Voyager 1 was launched on a faster, shorter trajectory on September 5, 1977. Both spacecraft were delivered to space aboard Titan-Centaur expendable rockets.

The prime Voyager mission to Jupiter and Saturn brought Voyager 1 to Jupiter on March 5, 1979, and Saturn on November 12, 1980, followed by Voyager 2 to Jupiter on July 9, 1979, and Saturn on August 25, 1981.

Voyager 1's trajectory, designed to send the spacecraft closely past the large moon Titan and behind Saturn's rings, bent the spacecraft's path inexorably northward out of the ecliptic plane -- the plane in which most of the planets orbit the Sun. Voyager 2 was aimed to fly by Saturn at a point that would automatically send the spacecraft in the direction of Uranus.

After Voyager 2's successful Saturn encounter, it was shown that Voyager 2 would likely be able to fly on to Uranus with all instruments operating. NASA provided additional funding to continue operating the two spacecraft and authorized JPL to conduct a Uranus flyby. Subsequently, NASA also authorized the Neptune leg of the mission, which was renamed the Voyager Neptune Interstellar Mission.

Voyager 2 encountered Uranus on January 24, 1986, returning detailed photos and other data on the planet, its moons, magnetic field and dark rings. Voyager 1, meanwhile, continues to press outward, conducting studies of interplanetary space. Eventually, its instruments may be the first of any spacecraft to sense the heliopause -- the boundary between the end of the Sun's magnetic influence and the beginning of interstellar space. (Voyager 1 entered Interstellar Space on August 25, 2012.)

Following Voyager 2's closest approach to Neptune on August 25, 1989, the spacecraft flew southward, below the ecliptic plane and onto a course that will take it, too, to interstellar space. Reflecting the Voyagers' new transplanetary destinations, the project is now known as the Voyager Interstellar Mission.

Voyager 1 is now leaving the solar system, rising above the ecliptic plane at an angle of about 35 degrees at a rate of about 520 million kilometers (about 320 million miles) a year. Voyager 2 is also headed out of the solar system, diving below the ecliptic plane at an angle of about 48 degrees and a rate of about 470 million kilometers (about 290 million miles) a year.

Both spacecraft will continue to study ultraviolet sources among the stars, and the fields and particles instruments aboard the Voyagers will continue to search for the boundary between the Sun's influence and interstellar space. The Voyagers are expected to return valuable data for two or three more decades. Communications will be maintained until the Voyagers' nuclear power sources can no longer supply enough electrical energy to power critical subsystems.

The cost of the Voyager 1 and 2 missions -- including launch, mission operations from launch through the Neptune encounter and the spacecraft's nuclear batteries (provided by the Department of Energy) -- is $865 million. NASA budgeted an additional $30 million to fund the Voyager Interstellar Mission for two years following the Neptune encounter.

Voyagers 1 and 2 are identical spacecraft. Each is equipped with instruments to conduct 10 different experiments. The instruments include television cameras, infrared and ultraviolet sensors, magnetometers, plasma detectors, and cosmic-ray and charged-particle sensors. In addition, the spacecraft radio is used to conduct experiments.

The Voyagers travel too far from the Sun to use solar panels; instead, they were equipped with power sources called radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). These devices, used on other deep space missions, convert the heat produced from the natural radioactive decay of plutonium into electricity to power the spacecraft instruments, computers, radio and other systems.

The spacecraft are controlled and their data returned through the Deep Space Network (DSN), a global spacecraft tracking system operated by JPL for NASA. DSN antenna complexes are located in California's Mojave Desert; near Madrid, Spain; and in Tidbinbilla, near Canberra, Australia.

The Voyager project manager for the Interstellar Mission is George P. Textor of JPL. The Voyager project scientist is Dr. Edward C. Stone of the California Institute of Technology. The assistant project scientist for the Jupiter flyby was Dr. Arthur L. Lane, followed by Dr. Ellis D. Miner for the Saturn, Uranus and Neptune encounters. Both are with JPL.

JUPITER Voyager 1 made its closest approach to Jupiter on March 5, 1979, and Voyager 2 followed with its closest approach occurring on July 9, 1979. The first spacecraft flew within 277,400 kilometers (172,368 miles) of the planet's cloud tops, and Voyager 2 came within 650,180 kilometers (404,003 miles).

Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, composed mainly of hydrogen and helium, with small amounts of methane, ammonia, water vapor, traces of other compounds and a core of melted rock and ice. Colorful latitudinal bands and atmospheric clouds and storms illustrate Jupiter's dynamic weather system. The giant planet is now known to possess 16 moons. The planet completes one orbit of the Sun each 11.8 years and its day is 9 hours, 55 minutes.

Although astronomers had studied Jupiter through telescopes on Earth for centuries, scientists were surprised by many of the Voyager findings.

The Great Red Spot was revealed as a complex storm moving in a counterclockwise direction. An array of other smaller storms and eddies were found throughout the banded clouds.

Discovery of active volcanism on the satellite Io was easily the greatest unexpected discovery at Jupiter. It was the first time active volcanoes had been seen on another body in the solar system. Together, the Voyagers observed the eruption of nine volcanoes on Io, and there is evidence that other eruptions occurred between the Voyager encounters.

Plumes from the volcanoes extend to more than 300 kilometers (190 miles) above the surface. The Voyagers observed material ejected at velocities up to a kilometer per second.

Io's volcanoes are apparently due to heating of the satellite by tidal pumping. Io is perturbed in its orbit by Europa and Ganymede, two other large satellites nearby, then pulled back again into its regular orbit by Jupiter. This tug-of-war results in tidal bulging as great as 100 meters (330 feet) on Io's surface, compared with typical tidal bulges on Earth of one meter (three feet).

It appears that volcanism on Io affects the entire jovian system, in that it is the primary source of matter that pervades Jupiter's magnetosphere -- the region of space surrounding the planet influenced by the jovian magnetic field. Sulfur, oxygen and sodium, apparently erupted by Io's many volcanoes and sputtered off the surface by impact of high-energy particles, were detected as far away as the outer edge of the magnetosphere millions of miles from the planet itself.

Europa displayed a large number of intersecting linear features in the low-resolution photos from Voyager 1. At first, scientists believed the features might be deep cracks, caused by crustal rifting or tectonic processes. The closer high-resolution photos from Voyager 2, however, left scientists puzzled: The features were so lacking in topographic relief that as one scientist described them, they "might have been painted on with a felt marker." There is a possibility that Europa may be internally active due to tidal heating at a level one-tenth or less than that of Io. Europa is thought to have a thin crust (less than 30 kilometers or 18 miles thick) of water ice, possibly floating on a 50-kilometer-deep (30-mile) ocean.

Ganymede turned out to be the largest moon in the solar system, with a diameter measuring 5,276 kilometers (3,280 miles). It showed two distinct types of terrain -- cratered and grooved -- suggesting to scientists that Ganymede's entire icy crust has been under tension from global tectonic processes.

Callisto has a very old, heavily cratered crust showing remnant rings of enormous impact craters. The largest craters have apparently been erased by the flow of the icy crust over geologic time. Almost no topographic relief is apparent in the ghost remnants of the immense impact basins, identifiable only by their light color and the surrounding subdued rings of concentric ridges.

A faint, dusty ring of material was found around Jupiter. Its outer edge is 129,000 kilometers (80,000 miles) from the center of the planet, and it extends inward about 30,000 kilometers (18,000 miles).

Two new, small satellites, Adrastea and Metis, were found orbiting just outside the ring. A third new satellite, Thebe, was discovered between the orbits of Amalthea and Io.

Jupiter's rings and moons exist within an intense radiation belt of electrons and ions trapped in the planet's magnetic field. These particles and fields comprise the jovian magnetosphere, or magnetic environment, which extends three to seven million kilometers toward the Sun, and stretches in a windsock shape at least as far as Saturn's orbit -- a distance of 750 million kilometers (460 million miles).

As the magnetosphere rotates with Jupiter, it sweeps past Io and strips away about 1,000 kilograms (one ton) of material per second. The material forms a torus, a doughnut-shaped cloud of ions that glow in the ultraviolet. Some of the torus's heavy ions migrate outward, and their pressure inflates the Jovian magnetosphere, while the more energetic sulfur and oxygen ions fall along the magnetic field into the planet's atmosphere, resulting in auroras.

Io acts as an electrical generator as it moves through Jupiter's magnetic field, developing 400,000 volts across its diameter and generating an electric current of 3 million amperes that flows along the magnetic field to the planet's ionosphere.

SATURN The Voyager 1 and 2 Saturn flybys occurred nine months apart, with the closest approaches falling on November 12 and August 25, 1981. Voyager 1 flew within 64,200 kilometers (40,000 miles) of the cloud tops, while Voyager 2 came within 41,000 kilometers (26,000 miles).

Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system. It takes 29.5 Earth years to complete one orbit of the Sun, and its day was clocked at 10 hours, 39 minutes. Saturn is known to have at least 17 moons and a complex ring system. Like Jupiter, Saturn is mostly hydrogen and helium. Its hazy yellow hue was found to be marked by broad atmospheric banding similar to but much fainter than that found on Jupiter. Close scrutiny by Voyager's imaging systems revealed long-lived ovals and other atmospheric features generally smaller than those on Jupiter.

Perhaps the greatest surprises and the most puzzles were found by the Voyagers in Saturn's rings. It is thought that the rings formed from larger moons that were shattered by impacts of comets and meteoroids. The resulting dust and boulder- to house-size particles have accumulated in a broad plane around the planet varying in density.

The irregular shapes of Saturn's eight smallest moons indicates that they too are fragments of larger bodies. Unexpected structure such as kinks and spokes were found in addition to thin rings and broad, diffuse rings not observed from Earth. Much of the elaborate structure of some of the rings is due to the gravitational effects of nearby satellites. This phenomenon is most obviously demonstrated by the relationship between the F-ring and two small moons that "shepherd" the ring material. The variation in the separation of the moons from the ring may the ring's kinked appearance. Shepherding moons were also found by Voyager 2 at Uranus.

Radial, spoke-like features in the broad B-ring were found by the Voyagers. The features are believed to be composed of fine, dust-size particles. The spokes were observed to form and dissipate in time-lapse images taken by the Voyagers. While electrostatic charging may create spokes by levitating dust particles above the ring, the exact cause of the formation of the spokes is not well understood.

Winds blow at extremely high speeds on Saturn -- up to 1,800 kilometers per hour (1,100 miles per hour). Their primarily easterly direction indicates that the winds are not confined to the top cloud layer but must extend at least 2,000 kilometers (1,200 miles) downward into the atmosphere. The characteristic temperature of the atmosphere is 95 kelvins.

Saturn holds a wide assortment of satellites in its orbit, ranging from Phoebe, a small moon that travels in a retrograde orbit and is probably a captured asteroid, to Titan, the planet-sized moon with a thick nitrogen-methane atmosphere. Titan's surface temperature and pressure are 94 kelvins (-292 Fahrenheit) and 1.5 atmospheres. Photochemistry converts some atmospheric methane to other organic molecules, such as ethane, that is thought to accumulate in lakes or oceans. Other more complex hydrocarbons form the haze particles that eventually fall to the surface, coating it with a thick layer of organic matter. The chemistry in Titan's atmosphere may strongly resemble that which occurred on Earth before life evolved.

The most active surface of any moon seen in the Saturn system was that of Enceladus. The bright surface of this moon, marked by faults and valleys, showed evidence of tectonically induced change. Voyager 1 found the moon Mimas scarred with a crater so huge that the impact that caused it nearly broke the satellite apart.

Saturn's magnetic field is smaller than Jupiter's, extending only one or two million kilometers. The axis of the field is almost perfectly aligned with the rotation axis of the planet.

URANUS In its first solo planetary flyby, Voyager 2 made its closest approach to Uranus on January 24, 1986, coming within 81,500 kilometers (50,600 miles) of the planet's cloud tops.

Uranus is the third largest planet in the solar system. It orbits the Sun at a distance of about 2.8 billion kilometers (1.7 billion miles) and completes one orbit every 84 years. The length of a day on Uranus as measured by Voyager 2 is 17 hours, 14 minutes.

Uranus is distinguished by the fact that it is tipped on its side. Its unusual position is thought to be the result of a collision with a planet-sized body early in the solar system's history. Given its odd orientation, with its polar regions exposed to sunlight or darkness for long periods, scientists were not sure what to expect at Uranus.

Voyager 2 found that one of the most striking influences of this sideways position is its effect on the tail of the magnetic field, which is itself tilted 60 degrees from the planet's axis of rotation. The magnetotail was shown to be twisted by the planet's rotation into a long corkscrew shape behind the planet.

The presence of a magnetic field at Uranus was not known until Voyager's arrival. The intensity of the field is roughly comparable to that of Earth's, though it varies much more from point to point because of its large offset from the center of Uranus. The peculiar orientation of the magnetic field suggests that the field is generated at an intermediate depth in the interior where the pressure is high enough for water to become electrically conducting.

Radiation belts at Uranus were found to be of an intensity similar to those at Saturn. The intensity of radiation within the belts is such that irradiation would quickly darken (within 100,000 years) any methane trapped in the icy surfaces of the inner moons and ring particles. This may have contributed to the darkened surfaces of the moons and ring particles, which are almost uniformly gray in color.

A high layer of haze was detected around the sunlit pole, which also was found to radiate large amounts of ultraviolet light, a phenomenon dubbed "dayglow." The average temperature is about 60 kelvins (-350 degrees Fahrenheit). Surprisingly, the illuminated and dark poles, and most of the planet, show nearly the same temperature at the cloud tops.

Voyager found 10 new moons, bringing the total number to 15. Most of the new moons are small, with the largest measuring about 150 kilometers (about 90 miles) in diameter.

The moon Miranda, innermost of the five large moons, was revealed to be one of the strangest bodies yet seen in the solar system. Detailed images from Voyager's flyby of the moon showed huge fault canyons as deep as 20 kilometers (12 miles), terraced layers, and a mixture of old and young surfaces. One theory holds that Miranda may be a reaggregration of material from an earlier time when the moon was fractured by an violent impact.

The five large moons appear to be ice-rock conglomerates like the satellites of Saturn. Titania is marked by huge fault systems and canyons indicating some degree of geologic, probably tectonic, activity in its history. Ariel has the brightest and possibly youngest surface of all the Uranian moons and also appears to have undergone geologic activity that led to many fault valleys and what seem to be extensive flows of icy material. Little geologic activity has occurred on Umbriel or Oberon, judging by their old and dark surfaces.

All nine previously known rings were studied by the spacecraft and showed the Uranian rings to be distinctly different from those at Jupiter and Saturn. The ring system may be relatively young and did not form at the same time as Uranus. Particles that make up the rings may be remnants of a moon that was broken by a high-velocity impact or torn up by gravitational effects.

NEPTUNE When Voyager flew within 5,000 kilometers (3,000 miles) of Neptune on August 25, 1989, the planet was the most distant member of the solar system from the Sun. (Pluto once again will become most distant in 1999.)

Neptune orbits the Sun every 165 years. It is the smallest of our solar system's gas giants. Neptune is now known to have eight moons, six of which were found by Voyager. The length of a Neptunian day has been determined to be 16 hours, 6.7 minutes.

Even though Neptune receives only three percent as much sunlight as Jupiter does, it is a dynamic planet and surprisingly showed several large, dark spots reminiscent of Jupiter's hurricane-like storms. The largest spot, dubbed the Great Dark Spot, is about the size of Earth and is similar to the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. A small, irregularly shaped, eastward-moving cloud was observed "scooting" around Neptune every 16 hours or so; this "scooter," as Voyager scientists called it, could be a cloud plume rising above a deeper cloud deck.

Long, bright clouds, similar to cirrus clouds on Earth, were seen high in Neptune's atmosphere. At low northern latitudes, Voyager captured images of cloud streaks casting their shadows on cloud decks below.

The strongest winds on any planet were measured on Neptune. Most of the winds there blow westward, or opposite to the rotation of the planet. Near the Great Dark Spot, winds blow up to 2,000 kilometers (1,200 miles) an hour.

The magnetic field of Neptune, like that of Uranus, turned out to be highly tilted -- 47 degrees from the rotation axis and offset at least 0.55 radii (about 13,500 kilometers or 8,500 miles) from the physical center. Comparing the magnetic fields of the two planets, scientists think the extreme orientation may be characteristic of flows in the interiors of both Uranus and Neptune -- and not the result in Uranus's case of that planet's sideways orientation, or of any possible field reversals at either planet. Voyager's studies of radio waves caused by the magnetic field revealed the length of a Neptunian day. The spacecraft also detected auroras, but much weaker than those on Earth and other planets.

Triton, the largest of the moons of Neptune, was shown to be not only the most intriguing satellite of the Neptunian system, but one of the most interesting in all the solar system. It shows evidence of a remarkable geologic history, and Voyager 2 images showed active geyser-like eruptions spewing invisible nitrogen gas and dark dust particles several kilometers into the tenuous atmosphere. Triton's relatively high density and retrograde orbit offer strong evidence that Triton is not an original member of Neptune's family but is a captured object. If that is the case, tidal heating could have melted Triton in its originally eccentric orbit, and the moon might even have been liquid for as long as one billion years after its capture by Neptune.

An extremely thin atmosphere extends about 800 kilometer (500 miles) above Triton's surface. Nitrogen ice particles may form thin clouds a few kilometers above the surface. The atmospheric pressure at the surface is about 14 microbars, 1/70,000th the surface pressure on Earth. The surface temperature is about 38 kelvins (-391 degrees Fahrenheit) the coldest temperature of any body known in the solar system.

The new moons found at Neptune by Voyager are all small and remain close to Neptune's equatorial plane. Names for the new moons were selected from mythology's water deities by the International Astronomical Union, they are: Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Proteus.

Voyager 2 solved many of the questions scientists had about Neptune's rings. Searches for "ring arcs," or partial rings, showed that Neptune's rings actually are complete, but are so diffuse and the material in them so fine that they could not be fully resolved from Earth. From the outermost in, the rings have been designated Adams, Plateau, Le Verrier and Galle.

Interstellar Mission

The spacecraft are continuing to return data about interplanetary space and some of our stellar neighbors near the edges of the Milky Way.

As the Voyagers cruise gracefully in the solar wind, their fields, particles and waves instruments are studying the space around them. In May 1993, scientists concluded that the plasma wave experiment was picking up radio emissions that originate at the heliopause -- the outer edge of our solar system.

The heliopause is the outermost boundary of the solar wind, where the interstellar medium restricts the outward flow of the solar wind and confines it within a magnetic bubble called the heliosphere. The solar wind is made up of electrically charged atomic particles, composed primarily of ionized hydrogen, that stream outward from the Sun.

Exactly where the heliopause is has been one of the great unanswered questions in space physics. By studying the radio emissions, scientists now theorize the heliopause exists some 90 to 120 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun. (One AU is equal to 150 million kilometers (93 million miles), or the distance from the Earth to the Sun.

The Voyagers have also become space-based ultraviolet observatories and their unique location in the universe gives astronomers the best vantage point they have ever had for looking at celestial objects that emit ultraviolet radiation.

The Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) is the only experiment on the scan platform that is still functioning. The scan platform is parked at a fixed position and is not being articulated. The Infrared Spectrometer and Radiometer (IRIS) heater was turned off to save power on Voyager 1 on December 7, 2011. On January 21, 2014 the Scan Platform Supplemental Heater was also turned off to conserve power. The IRIS heater and the Scan Platform Heater were used to keep UVS warm. The UVS temperature has dropped to below the measurement limits of the sensor; however, UVS is still operating. The scientist expect to continue to receive data from the UVS until 2016, at which time the instrument will be turned off to save power.

Yet there are several other fields and particle instruments that can continue to send back data as long as the spacecraft stay alive. They include: the cosmic ray subsystem, the low-energy charge particle instrument, the magnetometer, the plasma subsystem, the plasma wave subsystem and the planetary radio astronomy instrument. Barring any catastrophic events, JPL should be able to retrieve this information for at least the next 20 and perhaps even the next 30 years.

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NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft is talking nonsense. Its friends on Earth are worried

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This artist's impression shows one of the Voyager spacecraft moving through the darkness of space. NASA/JPL-Caltech hide caption

This artist's impression shows one of the Voyager spacecraft moving through the darkness of space.

The last time Stamatios "Tom" Krimigis saw the Voyager 1 space probe in person, it was the summer of 1977, just before it launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida.

Now Voyager 1 is over 15 billion miles away, beyond what many consider to be the edge of the solar system. Yet the on-board instrument Krimigis is in charge of is still going strong.

"I am the most surprised person in the world," says Krimigis — after all, the spacecraft's original mission to Jupiter and Saturn was only supposed to last about four years.

These days, though, he's also feeling another emotion when he thinks of Voyager 1.

"Frankly, I'm very worried," he says.

Ever since mid-November, the Voyager 1 spacecraft has been sending messages back to Earth that don't make any sense. It's as if the aging spacecraft has suffered some kind of stroke that's interfering with its ability to speak.

"It basically stopped talking to us in a coherent manner," says Suzanne Dodd of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who has been the project manager for the Voyager interstellar mission since 2010. "It's a serious problem."

Instead of sending messages home in binary code, Voyager 1 is now just sending back alternating 1s and 0s. Dodd's team has tried the usual tricks to reset things — with no luck.

It looks like there's a problem with the onboard computer that takes data and packages it up to send back home. All of this computer technology is primitive compared to, say, the key fob that unlocks your car, says Dodd.

"The button you press to open the door of your car, that has more compute power than the Voyager spacecrafts do," she says. "It's remarkable that they keep flying, and that they've flown for 46-plus years."

Each of the Voyager probes carries an American flag and a copy of a golden record that can play greetings in many languages. NASA/JPL-Caltech hide caption

Each of the Voyager probes carries an American flag and a copy of a golden record that can play greetings in many languages.

Voyager 1 and its twin, Voyager 2, have outlasted many of those who designed and built them. So to try to fix Voyager 1's current woes, the dozen or so people on Dodd's team have had to pore over yellowed documents and old mimeographs.

"They're doing a lot of work to try and get into the heads of the original developers and figure out why they designed something the way they did and what we could possibly try that might give us some answers to what's going wrong with the spacecraft," says Dodd.

She says that they do have a list of possible fixes. As time goes on, they'll likely start sending commands to Voyager 1 that are more bold and risky.

"The things that we will do going forward are probably more challenging in the sense that you can't tell exactly if it's going to execute correctly — or if you're going to maybe do something you didn't want to do, inadvertently," says Dodd.

Linda Spilker , who serves as the Voyager mission's project scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, says that when she comes to work she sees "all of these circuit diagrams up on the wall with sticky notes attached. And these people are just having a great time trying to troubleshoot, you know, the 60's and 70's technology."

"I'm cautiously optimistic," she says. "There's a lot of creativity there."

Still, this is a painstaking process that could take weeks, or even months. Voyager 1 is so distant, it takes almost a whole day for a signal to travel out there, and then a whole day for its response to return.

"We'll keep trying," says Dodd, "and it won't be quick."

In the meantime, Voyager's 1 discombobulation is a bummer for researchers like Stella Ocker , an astronomer with Caltech and the Carnegie Observatories

"We haven't been getting science data since this anomaly started," says Ocker, "and what that means is that we don't know what the environment that the spacecraft is traveling through looks like."

After 35 Years, Voyager Nears Edge Of Solar System

That interstellar environment isn't just empty darkness, she says. It contains stuff like gas, dust, and cosmic rays. Only the twin Voyager probes are far out enough to sample this cosmic stew.

"The science that I'm really interested in doing is actually only possible with Voyager 1," says Ocker, because Voyager 2 — despite being generally healthy for its advanced age — can't take the particular measurements she needs for her research.

Even if NASA's experts and consultants somehow come up with a miraculous plan that can get Voyager 1 back to normal, its time is running out.

The two Voyager probes are powered by plutonium, but that power system will eventually run out of juice. Mission managers have turned off heaters and taken other measures to conserve power and extend the Voyager probes' lifespan.

"My motto for a long time was 50 years or bust," says Krimigis with a laugh, "but we're sort of approaching that."

In a couple of years, the ebbing power supply will force managers to start turning off science instruments, one by one. The very last instrument might keep going until around 2030 or so.

When the power runs out and the probes are lifeless, Krimigis says both of these legendary space probes will basically become "space junk."

"It pains me to say that," he says. While Krimigis has participated in space missions to every planet, he says the Voyager program has a special place in his heart.

Spilker points out that each spacecraft will keep moving outward, carrying its copy of a golden record that has recorded greetings in many languages, along with the sounds of Earth.

"The science mission will end. But a part of Voyager and a part of us will continue on in the space between the stars," says Spilker, noting that the golden records "may even outlast humanity as we know it."

Krimigis, though, doubts that any alien will ever stumble across a Voyager probe and have a listen.

"Space is empty," he says, "and the probability of Voyager ever running into a planet is probably slim to none."

It will take about 40,000 years for Voyager 1 to approach another star; it will come within 1.7 light years of what NASA calls "an obscure star in the constellation Ursa Minor" — also known as the Little Dipper.

If NASA greenlights this interstellar mission, it could last 100 years

Knowing that the Voyager probes are running out of time, scientists have been drawing up plans for a new mission that, if funded and launched by NASA, would send another probe even farther out into the space between stars.

"If it happens, it would launch in the 2030s," says Ocker, "and it would reach twice as far as Voyager 1 in just 50 years."

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Master copy of the Voyager Golden Record, designed as an audio postcard for intelligent aliens, is up for auction

Carl Sagan's personal copy of the Voyager Golden Record contains 27 pieces of music and 22 minutes of sound meant to capture the beauty of life on Earth.

Nearly 46 years ago, NASA launched two small probes carrying a pair of gold-plated copper records that would soon become the farthest human-made objects from Earth ever created. The probes — named Voyager 1 and 2 — and their golden payloads are currently floating more than 12 billion miles (19 billion kilometers) from Earth, and gaining distance every day. But this week, you can add a master copy of those legendary records to your personal vinyl collection without even leaving your home — and all you need is half a million dollars.

On July 27, Sotheby's will auction two double-sided reels of audio tape containing the master recordings of the Voyager Golden Record, plucked from the personal collection of celebrity astronomer Carl Sagan and his wife, Ann Druyan, both of whom helped with the record's design and development in 1977.

Like the gold-plated discs they begot, the master tapes contain 27 pieces of music intended to encapsulate the world's musical heritage, including Beethoven, Chuck Berry, a Navajo chant and an Indian vocal raga. The tapes also include 22 minutes of nature sounds and human voices speaking in 59 languages, all of which were designed as a sort of audio postcard for any potentially intelligent aliens that might one day chance upon the Voyager probes. (The probes also contain an audio player with pictorial instructions, and a star map showing the location of Earth .)

Related: Are aliens real?

"Bursting with the myriad sounds of life, Carl and I and our colleagues designed the Golden Record to be a testament to the beauty of being alive on Earth," Druyan, who was the creative director of NASA's Voyager Interstellar Message Project that produced the records, said in a Sotheby’s statement. "We hoped it would capture the richness and diversity of our world."

—  Aliens haven't contacted Earth because there's no sign of intelligence here, new answer to the Fermi paradox suggests

—  Why have aliens never visited Earth? Scientists have a disturbing answer

—  'Leaking' cell phone towers could lead aliens straight to Earth, new study suggests

Only eight copies of the records were ever made, including the two gold-plated versions now riding through interstellar space on the Voyager probes. Bidding for the master tapes begins at $300,000, and Sotheby's expects them to fetch up to $600,000. Bidding closes at 11:20 a.m. ET on July 27.

For those of us not looking to spend half a million, NASA has provided the full track list , and there are numerous playlists of the record's contents available on YouTube and music streaming platforms. Take a listen — and hope, for a moment, that life in another star system may one day bump the same jams.

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Brandon is the space/physics editor at Live Science. His writing has appeared in The Washington Post, Reader's Digest, CBS.com, the Richard Dawkins Foundation website and other outlets. He holds a bachelor's degree in creative writing from the University of Arizona, with minors in journalism and media arts. He enjoys writing most about space, geoscience and the mysteries of the universe.

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Screen Rant

I’m disappointed star trek: voyager couldn’t save season 2’s most interesting character.

Star Trek: Voyager introduced a very interesting side character in season 2, but showrunner Michael Piller's influence wasn't enough to save him.

• Co-showrunner Michael Piller couldn't save Lon Suder from being killed off in the Star Trek: Voyager season 2 finale.
• Suder redeemed himself heroically, but showrunner Jeri Taylor had no interest in continuing his story.
• Suder had potential for future storylines due to his complexity and transformation during his Voyager arc.

Star Trek: Voyager couldn't save the show's most interesting season 2 character, despite an attempt from showrunner Michael Piller. Although Voyager 's core cast of characters stayed the same throughout its seven-season run, the show, like any series, brought in side characters to supplement a given episode's storyline. Some of these characters only lasted for an episode or two, while some became recurring characters and had a longer arc in the series .

As co-executive producer and showrunner on Voyager for the first two seasons, Michael Piller helped create many of these characters. Piller was a previous writer and producer on Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine , and is known for writing some of the best episodes of the Star Trek timeline , including TNG 's "The Best of Both Worlds." In Voyager season 2, Piller created a unique character that had enormous potential beyond his original storyline , but this unfortunately couldn't save him from being killed off when the time came.

Every Voyager Character Who Has Returned In Star Trek (& How)

Star trek voyager's michael piller couldn’t save season 2’s most interesting character, lon suder sacrificed himself in the season 2 finale.

Piller wasn't able to stop Lon Suder (Brad Dourif) from being written off Voyager in the season 2 finale/season 3 premiere, "Basics Parts 1&2." In an interview with Captains' Logs Supplemental - The Unauthorized Guide to the New Trek Voyages by Edward Gross and Mark A. Altman, Piller explained that fellow showrunner Jeri Taylor had no interest in continuing Suder's story. Since Piller was leaving the series, it makes sense that he was overruled on the decision about Suder, but his words suggest disappointment that the character's story wasn't continued . Read Piller's full quote below:

"It's a real wipeout. Jeri never cared for Suder and had no interest in developing him any further, so there was no point in keeping him alive. And a dramatic arc is fully realized by having his death occur at the end of part two. He heroically sacrifices himself for the ship."

Suder did indeed redeem himself by the end of "Basics Part 2," retaking engineering from the Kazon which in turn allowed Voyager 's crew to retake the ship. However, calling his death a " real wipeout " is also an accurate description. As a character with clear potential, losing Suder in "Basics" was not only disappointing but also surprisingly sad, given that he started his tenure on the show as Star Trek 's first Starfleet serial killer . It seems unthinkable that Suder could ever be redeemable, but his short arc proved his character promise beyond the end of season 2 .

Why Brad Dourif’s Lon Suder Had Potential Beyond Voyager Season 2

Suder had greater potential for future storylines.

His sincerely tragic and heroic story in "Basics" could have been carried further had the decision not been made to kill him.

Suder wasn't always a sympathetic character, but his appearances in "Meld" and "Basics" showed that he had complexity and could have become an interesting recurring character on Voyager . Suder's transformation from unequivocal villain to arguably morally gray in "Meld" was what demonstrated his initial potential, and his sincerely tragic and heroic story in "Basics" could have been carried further had the decision not been made to kill him. It would have been interesting to see where Suder's journey of learning to control his violent impulses took him next had he lived into Voyager season 3.

Along with this, Voyager was no stranger to popular recurring characters that had well-crafted arcs over multiple seasons . Characters like Samantha Wildman (Nancy Hower) and her daughter Naomi (Scarlett Pomers), or Icheb (Manu Intiraymi) in later seasons were not part of Voyager's main cast but made significant contributions to the show nevertheless. If Suder had been given the opportunity, he likely could have delivered the same level of intriguing storyline without taking away from Star Trek: Voyager 's other characters.

Source: Captains' Logs Supplemental - The Unauthorized Guide to the New Trek Voyages by Edward Gross and Mark A. Altman

Star Trek: Voyager is available to stream on Paramount+.

Star Trek: Voyager

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The fifth entry in the Star Trek franchise, Star Trek: Voyager, is a sci-fi series that sees the crew of the USS Voyager on a long journey back to their home after finding themselves stranded at the far ends of the Milky Way Galaxy. Led by Captain Kathryn Janeway, the series follows the crew as they embark through truly uncharted areas of space, with new species, friends, foes, and mysteries to solve as they wrestle with the politics of a crew in a situation they've never faced before. 

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40 years ago: voyager 2 explores saturn, johnson space center.

Forty years ago, the Voyager 2 spacecraft made its closest approach to Saturn. Managed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, the Voyagers are a pair of spacecraft launched in 1977 to explore the outer planets. Initially targeted only to visit Jupiter and Saturn, Voyager 2 went on to investigate Uranus and Neptune as well, taking advantage of a rare planetary alignment that occurs once every 175 years to use the gravity of one planet to redirect it to the next. Although not the first to explore the ringed planet – Pioneer 11 completed the first flyby in 1979 – the Voyagers carried more sophisticated instruments to conduct in-depth investigations. Voyager 2’s twin, Voyager 1 , made its closest approach to Saturn in November 1980. Forty-four years after their departure from Earth, both spacecraft continue to operate and report on the conditions of interstellar space.

Each Voyager carried a suite of 11 instruments, including: 

• an imaging science system consisting of narrow-angle and wide-angle cameras to photograph the planet and its satellites;
• a radio science system to determine the planet’s physical properties;
• an infrared interferometer spectrometer to investigate local and global energy balance and atmospheric composition;
• an ultraviolet spectrometer to measure atmospheric properties;
• a magnetometer to analyze the planet’s magnetic field and interaction with the solar wind;
• a plasma spectrometer to investigate microscopic properties of plasma ions;
• a low energy charged particle device to measure fluxes and distributions of ions;
• a cosmic ray detection system to determine the origin and behavior of cosmic radiation;
• a planetary radio astronomy investigation to study radio emissions from Jupiter;
• a photopolarimeter to measure the planet’s surface composition; and
• a plasma wave system to study the planet’s magnetosphere.

Voyager 2 launched first on Aug. 20, 1977. The spacecraft successfully crossed the asteroid belt between Dec. 10, 1977, and Oct. 21, 1978. In April 1978, its primary radio receiver failed, and it has been operating on its backup receiver ever since. The spacecraft flew within 350,000 miles of Jupiter’s cloud tops on July 9, 1979, and during the four-month encounter returned 17,000 photographs and useful scientific information about the giant planet and many of its moons.  Using the giant planet for a gravity assist, Voyager 2 began its 29-month journey to its next destination, Saturn. Following Voyager 1’s successful encounter with Saturn , and especially its important study of Titan, in November 1980, mission planners targeted Voyager 2 so it could image some of the moons not studied by its twin and use Saturn’s gravity to speed it onward to encounter Uranus in 1986 and Neptune in 1989.

Voyager 2 began its long-range observations of Saturn on June 5, 1981, when the spacecraft was still 41 million miles from the planet, and sent back progressively sharper images of the planet, its atmosphere, and its rings as Voyager 2 closed in on its target. It returned spectacular photographs of the rings and small shepherd moons such as Prometheus and Pandora that act to herd the rings’ particles. Three days before its closest approach to Saturn, Voyager 2 imaged the two-toned moon Iapetus from 565,000 miles away, and two days later it photographed the moon Hyperion from 310,000 miles. Eighteen hours before closest approach, it passed within 413,000 miles of Saturn’s largest satellite Titan and returned images of its orange cloud cover. After passing within 26,000 miles of Saturn’s cloud tops, Voyager 2 photographed the icy moon Enceladus from 54,000 miles, the small moon Janus from 140,000 miles, and Tethys from 58,000 miles. Three days after its closest approach, Voyager 2 turned its camera on a partially backlit Saturn, returning stunning photographs from 2.1 million miles away. On Sept. 4, it imaged the tiny moon Phoebe from 1.3 million miles, revealing little of its surface features. By the time observations of the Saturn system concluded on Sept. 28, the spacecraft had returned 16,000 images of the planet, its rings, and its satellites.

On Sept. 29, the day after completing its observations of Saturn, Voyager 2 fired its thrusters for a course correction to send it onward to its next target, Uranus. In January 1986 , Voyager 2 carried out the first reconnaissance of that planet, its satellites, and its rings. In turn, Voyager 2 picked up a gravity assist at Uranus to send it to its final planetary encounter, exploring Neptune in August 1989 .  Voyager 2 then began its Interstellar Mission extension that continues to this day. Over the years, several of the spacecraft’s instruments have been turned off to conserve power, beginning with the imaging system in 1998, but it continues to return data about cosmic rays and the solar wind. On Nov. 5, 2018, six years after its twin, Voyager 2 crossed the heliopause, the boundary between the heliosphere, the bubble-like region of space created by the Sun, and the interstellar medium. It is expected that Voyager 2 will continue to return data from interstellar space until about 2025. And just in case it may one day be found by an alien intelligence, Voyager 2, like its twin, carries a gold plated record that contains information about its home planet, including recordings of terrestrial sounds, music, and greetings in 55 languages. Scientists thoughtfully included instructions on how to play the record.

When is the best time to visit Moscow? | Weather, budget, events by month

• July 14, 2023

Discover when is the best time to visit Moscow. In this blog post, I will talk about weather, budget and other things to know to choose the best time when to go to Moscow for you. I cannot account the times when we went in Moscow. Here are the pros and the cons of each month taking all main criteria into account!

I will first describe the main criteria that will help you choose when to go to Moscow:

• Climate in Moscow: temperatures and weather

Special events in Moscow

• Budget and visa

Then I will talk about each season (go directly to this party if you already have an idea of ​​the desired departure date):

• Advantages and disadvantages month by month

The weather cannot be the only criterion to decide when is the best time to visit Moscow for you. Even if the temperatures drop low, Moscow in December is just magical! This is why I advise to take into account several criteria at the same time. Also remember that it takes at least a month to get the Russian visa.

When to go to Moscow: climate and weather

The seasons are well marked. The mid-season months are not necessarily the best for the weather. However, they are not necessarily to be avoided, because, as we will see later, Moscow is a city that changes all the time and the prices can be more attractive. For example, for a lot of people winter is the best time to visit Moscow.

Weather in Moscow. Moscow is inland, making the city “more protected” from changing weather. For example, the weather is much more changeable in St. Petersburg. On the other hand, the weather in Moscow is more and more scorching in summer, we can then easily reach 30 degrees (for the Russians, it’s already the heat wave).

Moscow temperatures

As soon as you think of Russia, you want to do “Brrrr”. Let’s prepare our down jackets! Indeed, the Russian climate is not the mildest on the planet. However, it all depends on the region, because the country is very large. Moscow is almost at the same latitude as Copenhagen. As Moscow is relatively far from the coast, there is a pronounced continental climate. It is hot in summer and cold in winter.

In addition, global warming is there. For several decades, annual average temperatures have always been recorded above the past. I suggest you look at the averages over the past five years to be as close as possible to reality:

Sunshine and precipitation

Sunshine. This is surprising, but there is more sunshine in Moscow than in Paris or even in Berlin: 1,731 hours in Moscow, compared to 1661 in Paris and 1626 in Berlin.

Duration of the day in winter. We had questions about the length of the day in winter. So, here are a few things. As in Europe, the shortest days are in December. In Moscow, at the end of December, the sun rises around 9 a.m. and sets around 4 p.m. Then the day gets bigger until the end of June, when the day is the longest.

Precipitation. There is more precipitation in Moscow than in Paris (705mm against 637mm).

When is the best time to visit Moscow: interesting events

Moscow is a city that moves a lot. It is even said that this city never sleeps. So there are a lot of events, forums, exhibitions, conferences. Here I’m going to talk about the main recurring events that punctuate the year and that may help you decide when to go to Moscow.

End of year celebrations in Moscow

December 31 rather than Christmas. The Russians are eagerly awaiting the holiday season. Here on December 31 is like Christmas with us. Religion, “opium of the people” according to Marx, and, above all, its official absence marked the country during the Soviet years. This then reinforced the celebration of December 31, while Orthodox Christmas is January 7.

Russian calendar. In addition, it should be known that the first week of January is a bank holiday. Many Russians therefore do not work during this period. Europe also greatly influences the habits of Muscovites. Consequently, the Christmas markets start in early December and, for some, continue until early February!

Fairytale atmosphere. If you are wondering when to go to Moscow and you love the holiday mood, then the end of December – early January, and even February, is for you! There are many things to do during this time: for example, Christmas markets, decorations, winter games, skating rinks. In 2016, Moscow opened the largest ice rink in Europe. In short, the city is doing a lot of entertainment during this period and the general atmosphere is at the top! However, everything comes at a cost. You can see more detail below in the article, month by month.

Find our more in this blog post: Christmas and New Year in Moscow .

Visit Moscow in May

May 1 and 9 are two big festivals in Russia. Both dates are known worldwide. May 9 in Russia is May 8 with us in France. The signature that marks the end of the Second World War. The shift day is explained by … the difference in time zone.

The May 9 holiday is a very important holiday for the Russians. The Soviet human losses amounted to millions. So there are many families who have been directly affected by the war. The first big parade was organized by Stalin on June 24, 1945 in Red Square in Moscow. Later each year the USSR and then Russia organized a parade on May 9. Here is the video of the first parade dating from 1945 in color, then the last – that of 2016.

A disadvantage of the beginning of May. For the planned events, Red Square will not be completely empty. There are always installations for May 9, but also rehearsals. So, to the question “when is the best time to visit Moscow”, I would not say that May is the best one. You can find out more in the article “Moscow in autumn” below.

Throughout the year, the Moscow City Hall organizes free events (festivals, small markets, concerts, etc.) in the Red Square and in the streets of the city center. For example, there are two major interesting events:

• Festival of Lights “Around the World”: in 2019, it was from September 28 to October 4.
• Anniversary of the city of Moscow always celebrated the first weekend of September.

When is the best time to visit Moscow: budget, price seasonality, visa

Most touristy periods. Many travelers come to Moscow from May to October. This is the period when we see the most tourists in Moscow. In addition, many are also those who come at the end of December and at the beginning of January for the New Year. The beginning of May and the first week of January are also strongly requested, in particular by the Russians (school holidays, public holidays).

Accommodation. Hotel rates therefore necessarily increase during these periods of the year. But they do not go so far as to triple. To give an idea, count at least 80 euros in the city center for a double room with breakfast. You can read more about the districts of Moscow in my article: Where to stay in Moscow?

Guides and tours. Also take into account that during these periods it will be more difficult to find a guide at the last moment. It’s best to do it 2-3 months in advance. There will be more waiting or difficulty obtaining tickets during the months of high tourist influx: late December, early January, May, June, July, August.

Visa for Russia. The cost of the visa does not change depending on the month of the year. On the other hand, the deadlines can be longer if you make the request for the high tourist season (from May to October). Allow about a month. Getting the Russian visa is not complicated, there is a procedure to follow.

In Russia, the seasons are divided as follows:

• Fall: September, October, November.
• Winter: December, January, February.
• Spring: March, April, May.
• Summer: June, July, August.

Discover Moscow in autumn: when is the best time to visit Moscow in autumn?

From the beginning of September, we feel that the temperatures begin to drop gradually, especially at night.

Moscow in September

More and more travelers are choosing the month of September to go to Moscow. Because it is not cold yet and there are fewer tourists than in summer. Prices drop slightly, but remain higher than in the lean months of the year. There is also the city’s birthday on the first weekend in September, but also the “Around the World” festival towards the end of the month.

Moscow in October

You are likely to come across the colors of autumn from the beginning of October. The accommodation prices are starting to drop gradually. There is less waiting in the places to visit. Temperatures are not very low: during the day they are generally around +6 degrees. On the other hand, the only negative point can be the cost of plane tickets, if you leave during the French school holidays.

Moscow in November

It’s one of the least calm! Temperatures drop and can approach zero during the day in mid-November. Hotel rates are low, there are few tourists, and therefore less waiting in museums. It’s easier to get tickets for the Kremlin Palace of Armor, which can be very difficult in the summer. Guides also have more availability. So why not go to Moscow in November?

Discover Moscow in winter: when is the best time to visit Moscow in winter?

Winter is a very nice time to go to Moscow, because the Christmas and New Year decorations are installed from the beginning of December and are not removed until the end of February. To learn more about the different activities in winter, read this article: What to do in Moscow in winter? If winter temperatures scare you, check out Moscow in the spring (see below).

Moscow in december

Normally, negative daytime temperatures set in, although the weather can vary significantly from year to year. In general, from mid-December the snow is durable. It is from December 20 that more and more travelers come to Moscow. December 31st is celebrated like Christmas in France. Accommodation rates are higher from mid-December. It’s also more complicated to find a guide at the last moment. Furthermore, as in Europe, the days of December are the shortest of the year. But if you want to mark New Years Day, you will have lots of memories!

Moscow in january

January is also a very festive month. The first week of January is a public holiday in Russia. Besides, it’s also a week of Russian school holidays. There are more people in the streets, museums and everywhere in the city. To find out more about this time of year (Christmas markets, itineraries, etc.), read: Christmas and New Years in Moscow . Prices remain high during this week, but drop from mid-January.

Moscow in February

It’s the second quietest month of the year. In February, winter clearly takes its ease. The temperatures are the lowest, it’s a real winter! The days are longer in February than in December. So we’re enjoying the day more, and with the snow it’s really nice, because the weather in Moscow in February is pretty sunny. Accommodation rates are at their lowest, and the decorations are still there. So, if you are looking for when to go to Moscow, if the cold does not scare you and you appreciate the snowy landscapes, why not consider the month of February?

Discover Moscow in spring: when is the best time to visit Moscow in spring?

Spring is a contrasting period between March, which is still quite cold, and May, when we really feel the arrival of summer.

Moscow in March

The ice and snow begin to melt around mid-March. Winter is coming in March, but spring is not quite there yet. It’s the third quietest month of the year. It is therefore possible to visit the city more quietly. Accommodation prices are low, guides are available. The weather in Moscow in March is milder than in February. In addition, the days are longer, so you can take many walks.

Moscow in April

It is only from mid-April that we begin to feel the beginnings of sunny days. The weather in Moscow in spring and April in particular is getting milder and colder: we can expect +7 during the day. In addition, there are not many travelers yet and we fear to enjoy the places more quietly, but we feel that the start of the tourist season is approaching. Accommodation rates are lower than in May.

Moscow in May

The early May holidays attract many travelers to Moscow. There are also many Russians who come to the capital on public holidays. It is therefore advisable to plan visits in advance to avoid queuing once there. Red Square can be closed or partially closed for rehearsals for the May 9 parade, the same day and one or two days after. More info in: Moscow in May: events, budget, what to do?

Discover Moscow in summer: when is the best time to visit Moscow in summer?

All summer months are great, if you take temperatures into account. The weather in Moscow in summer is quite pleasant. However, in recent years, there have been great heat peaks or heat waves in July (30 degrees during the day).

Moscow in June

From June, you can take long walks in the city’s parks, very numerous and much appreciated by the locals. Boat trips are more enjoyable from June. On the other hand, the prices of accommodation in Moscow are higher than in the lean months. There are also more tourists. Book your hotel, tours and activities in advance.

Moscow in july

July is the hottest month, but we’re not on +40. Moscow is a city inland and therefore there is little fresh air, if it is very hot. We can do lots of walks to discover the city. We have written several complete itineraries so as not to miss anything of Moscow in our special Moscow travel guide. It also contains tips to save time and enjoy the city off the beaten track, as there are so many tourists during this time of year.

Moscow in August

Temperatures are starting to drop gradually, but there are still so many people. In order to be sure of the choice of accommodation, I advise you to book in advance. The same goes for guided tours or entrance tickets to the Kremlin. It’s also a good time to discover the city differently by going to places that are less touristy and more frequented by locals.

When is the best time to go to Moscow? In summary!

The best time to discover Moscow depends on the criteria you want to favor: the weather, the budget, the tranquility of the visits, the special events to be experienced on site.

In summary:

• The peak tourist season in Moscow begins in early May and ends in late September.
• Late December and early January is the best time to experience the holiday mood, but it comes at a cost.
• End of January, February, March, beginning of April, November are the quietest months of the year, when you can visit the city more calmly and on a reduced budget.

So, have you decided when to go to Moscow? 🙂 Do you plan to visit Moscow in spring, summer, autumn or winter?

Travel idea! As in all cases you will get a visa and there is only 4 hours by train between Moscow and Saint Petersburg, why not visit both cities? Read an example of a route here: Moscow to Saint Petersburg in one week.

If you still have doubts, take a look at what you can visit in Moscow in order to choose the best period: Things to do in Moscow in 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 days.

For a great trip to Moscow:

• Visit Moscow and St Petersburg in one week: itinerary
• Where to stay in Moscow?
• Tourist voucher for Russian visa

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