modern sailboat compass

Best Marine Compass: Going the Right Way Cheaply

If you're serious about sailing, you know that a reliable compass can make all the difference. I've tested many compasses and read tons of reviews of other sailors, and here are my absolute favorites.

On this page:

Which marine compass should i get for my sailboat, why i picked the ritchie navigation explorer, important factors when buying a compass, what should you look for in a quality compass, some quality compass brands to consider.

I recommend the Ritchie Navigation Explorer (click to check current price on Amazon ) - This compass is competitively priced, good looking, simple, reliable and rugged. Bracket mount (which I like). Also called the B51, it's the all-round best compass for most people. Best bang for the buck.

This is the compass I currently have and it's my all-time favorite. It's incredibly accurate - just like its predecessor, which was also a Ritchie.

If you don't want a bracket mount, here are some alternatives:

• Ritchie S-53 Explorer (click to check current price on Amazon ) - Surface mounted, making it ideal for smaller boats - still a well-priced, reliable, and good-looking compass. Also has a night light.
• Ritchie F-82W Voyager (click to check current price on Amazon ) - Flush mounted, and one of the most beautiful compasses you can get for a reasonable price. Best quality. Has power damp, meaning it's more stable. Is said to be extremely accurate. You could also take a look at the Ritchie FNW-203 Navigator. It's even more beautiful (but way too expensive for what you get in functionality, in my opinion).
• Ritchie Navigation Globemaster (click to check current price on Amazon ) - Binnacle mount: it looks amazing. But oh man, that's an expensive compass.

I know, it's all Ritchie here - but what can I say? They provide very good value for money. Other compass brands tend to get pretty expensive, and the folks at Ritchie just really deliver. I never needed something else, to be honest.

I had an older model before (I'm not quite sure which one) and just wanted the same one, but new. I like the bracket mount, it provides more stability, and it's easy to install and adjust.

• Accurate compass, even when distorted by magnetic fields
• Has corrector magnets, allowing you to calibrate it
• Has dampening and gimbal for stabilization
• Has a night light - light isn't too bright
• Easy to mount (simply fasten two bolts)
• Analog, so reliable
• Ritchie Compasses come with a 5-year warranty - even if I can use this compass for just five years, that's money well spent
• Bracket mount gives you more mounting options
• I like front reading cards
• If it breaks, it can most likely repair it myself

Cons: it is a pretty big compass, but it will still fit most small sailboats. The housing is plastic, but it's durable.

There are two major factors two consider: mounting and size.

Mounting method

Choosing the right mounting method for you makes all the difference. The three most common mounting methods are:

• Bracket mount
• Flush mount
• Surface mount
• Binnacle mount

Bracket mount - the compass rests in a bracket. Bracket mounts can be mounted in the helm or on deck. I prefer this mounting method. They are easy to install and keep the compass card at the right viewing angle. Flush mount - the compass rests inside the dashboard. Less easy to install, but man ... it looks good. Surface mount - the compass sits on top of the dashboard. Very easy to install and looks pretty decent for most compasses with a low profile. Binnacle mount - the compass has it's own casing. Looks great and all, but takes up a lot of space and is a lot of work to install properly.

Choosing the right size is just as important. Most smaller to mid-sized compasses are between 4-5 inches wide. You don't want a huge compass in a tiny helm, but you also want to be able to read it easily. The method of mounting also plays a large role here.

For small sailboats (under 20 ft) I'd recommend getting a small surface-mounted compass.

• Accuracy - there's no way of knowing the accuracy upfront, except by relying on brand reputation and other people's experience.
• Reliability - a compass is your most important navigation tool and should continue to work in all conditions .
• Dampener - high-quality compasses have a dampener under the card - this keeps them from wiggling on sea.
• Corrector magnets - you'll find the corrector magnets inside the compass housing. You can use them to adapt the compass to the magnetic fields from the electronics and materials on your boat.
• Gimbal system - a gimbal system makes sure your card stays level.
• Design - it has to look good. You'll be staring at this thing A LOT.
• Durability - a compass should be able to withstand the weather and last you a decade.

If you want a detailed look at how a boat compass works, you can read my Beginners Guide on Boat Compasses here (new tab)

I admit, I'm a fan of Ritchie. But there are other reputable brands that make great compasses out there:

• Ritchie - well-known and reputable brand
• Silva - Garmin is best known for producing quality marine electronics, but they also make pretty decent marine compasses under their brand Silva.
• Seattle Sports - not a well-known brand, but they have produced accurate compasses in the past.

Although there are some great looking compasses out there, most of them are just too expensive in my opinion. Ritchie seems to have fixed that problem by providing a great quality compass with good warranty at a very decent price. If you're looking for a simple and clean compass, and don't want to pay top bill, I recommend the Ritchie Navigation Explorer (click to go to Amazon ).

If you're looking for good quality sailing gear, I have other articles like this one. You can check them out on the recommended gear section of this site. It has all the sailing gear I love most.

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The Best Marine Compasses

Written by Anthony Roberts / Fact checked by Jonathan Larson

Getting lost while you are out sailing is such a horrifying experience that should never happen to anyone. Thankfully, you can always carry a marine compass with you. But, navigating can be a tough challenge, and with that, you’ll need to carry a dependable device.

Ahead, we list down the best marine compass brands that could be your lifesaver out at sea. It is a nice idea to have this tool as it can make a huge difference. So, browse through the list and find the best one that works well for you. After all, it won’t hurt to have good company to help you.

TurnOnSport Boat Compass

Jump to Review

Ritchie Surface Mount

Odowalker Digital Compass

Table of Contents

1. TurnOnSport Boat Compass

2. ritchie navigation compass surface mount, 3. odowalker marine digital compass, 4. detuck dashboard boat compass, 5. ritchie navigation f-50 explorer compass, 6. sun company mountable kayak compass, 7. costin multifunctional metal military compass, 8. shoreline illuminated marine compass, 9. keenso high precision boat compass, 10. yosoo health gear boat navigation compass, 11. geloo boat navigation compass, 12. brunton dash mount compass, buyer’s guide, do marine compasses come with mounting brackets, how to adjust my marine compass, how do you make sure the compass is running true to its lines, top 12 marine compass reviews.

Marine navigation has never been more accurate with TurnOnSport Boat Compass. Accuracy has always been one of the most critical issues with marine compasses, but TurnOnSport’s compensators easily settle this concern.

One of the highlights of TurnOnSport is its East-West and North-South compensators that minimize external influences on the marine compass. This leads to a more precise direction, making it one of the most reliable and in-demand compass brands in the market today.

The compensators aren’t my only favorite thing about TurnOnSport. I also like that it’s dependable day in and day out. At night, its incandescent light makes the device visible and readable. There is nothing to worry about when the dark sets in.

And if you’re concerned about the rugged marine conditions, this brand is definitely up for the tough times. The compass’s made from ABS plastic, which is waterproof and corrosion-resistant.

Despite its hefty size, the device remains lightweight. Installing it yourself will be a breeze. The compass comes with two EVA stickers and two screws, so mounting is never a challenge. Just look for the sweet spot, stick it up or screw it and you’re done.

You also do not have to worry about exposing the compass to too much sunlight as it has a movable cover for shade. Whether it’s a big boat or a kayak, TurnOnSport is your dependable marine compass.

• Reliable East-West, North-South compensators for accurate direction.
• With incandescent lights for nighttime viewing.
• Lightweight, waterproof and corrosion-resistant.
• Easy setup using freebie stickers or screws.
• Has sun cover to avoid too much sun exposure.
• Can be used in various marine boat types.
• Size may be a bit bulky.

Reliable utility and superior accuracy are what Ritchie Navigation Explorer Compasses are known for. With over a century of experience in the marine industry, Ritchie Navigation products remain top producers of navigational compasses for commercial and recreational boats. So, what’s up with their Explorer compasses? Find out in this review.

One of my pet peeves with compasses is how unreliable they can be. But this 2.75″ surface mount compass has what it takes to be considered a trustworthy product. I love that the makers reinforced the device with a triple cup sapphire jewel and a toughened steel pivot where every micrometer matches to a tee.

As a result, the device operates quite smoothly and locks on rather quickly even when subjected to extremes.

To be more specific about it, this device sports High Gauss Magnets customized for different compass specifications. These magnets seek and lock to magnetic north, so you know you are always right on track.

Another must-have utility for any boat compass is compensators. You can tick that box off as this compass has those. It has solid, built-in, non-interactive magnets that act as compensators for correction and accuracy. Moreover, you will get to enjoy its nighttime internal green illumination using a 12V power light.

• Accuracy guaranteed with its triple cup sapphire and robust steel pivot.
• Uses High Gauss Magnets that point to magnetic north.
• Its solid compensators reliably correct deviations.
• Green light illumination for nighttime navigation.
• Adjustment rod may rattle over long-term use.

Tired of an unreliable compass? Odowalker Electronic Marine Digital Compass is one of the few top-of-the-line brands that hold on to promised accuracy and aesthetics. It is highly functional and straightforward, giving you spot-on directions without a lot of fuss.

If you’re a sailing enthusiast as I am, then you’ll definitely find this device to be quite a dependable buddy at sea. The device is sturdy and is made for tough times using high-quality ABS material.

Nighttime sailing can also be extra challenging for sailors, as poor lighting impairs much-needed visibility onboard. So I like that Odowalker had its compass built with an incandescent bulb light to illuminate the compass. This makes the device readable even at night.

Another thing I like about Odo Walker is how easily you can adjust the declination sheet. Thanks to its adjustable brackets, managing the compass’s position relative to the viewer’s angle can be done swiftly. I did not have to stay in one spot to get a good view of the compass.

Moreover, this compass is not just for marine use. It’s also best suited for cars, trucks, and other land-based automobiles. Odo Walker is truly one of the most flexible compass devices you can get out there. The device is available in black and white colors with a neat-looking design.

• Sturdy and reliable, made from high-quality ABS.
• Nighttime illumination using built-in incandescent bulb light.
• Manage compass’s position easily using its adjustable declination sheet.
• Flexible device; can be used on land-based automobiles.
• Neat design coming in black and white color options.
• Lacking instructional guide.

The right marine compass for me comes from the reliable company DETUCK. I love this dash mount marine compass because I can use it night and day thanks to its night lighting feature and red indicator line.

The magnetic declination easily identifies both east-west and north-south directions, so I never get lost in the middle of the ocean as it improves the compass’s accuracy. I have come across several compasses that come with this feature, but not all of them are as easy to adjust as this one.

For a light traveler like me, I always choose to bring lightweight objects. I am glad that this compact compass only weighs 2.7 ounces. It is light on both my hands and in my pocket. Plus, it is also easy to mount as it comes with double-sided tape and screws that you attach to the dashboard.

• Ideal for both night and day usage with its lighting feature and indicator line.
• Comes with magnetic declination that accurately locates direction.
• The magnetic declination is easy to adjust.
• A lightweight and compact compass.
• Easy to mount due to the double-sided tape and screws.
• Needs frequent configuration of the compass’s horizontal level.

If you are looking for compasses for boats, then you have come to the right place. Few things beat the Ritchie Nautical Compass, among other sailing compasses. This device is easy to read thanks to its direct reading dial. Plus, your night trips will become a breeze with its built-in green lighting.

The Ritchie compass is made with Sapphire jewel and toughened steel pivot. Besides that, it boosts sturdiness with high-temperature composite. You do not want to miss its classic finish and design, either! When I bought it, I immediately knew that this one oozes exquisite quality just by looking at it.

One feature that I like about this compass is the impressive directive force magnets because not all sail boat compasses are blessed with this feature. It gives me a quick heading lock-on so I can have a more precise direction anywhere I go. You know you are in good hands with RITCHIE because they offer a 5-year warranty on all items.

• This flush mount boat compass is easy to read with its direct reading dial.
• The built-in green lighting makes your night trips easier.
• Composite, sapphire jewel, and hardened pivot for optimum durability.
• Classic finish and design.
• Directive force magnets make for a quick heading lock-on.
• The brand offers a 5-year warranty.
• Requires a little calibration to operate smoothly.

If you opt for easy installation, then this compass is for you. The SeaTurtl surface mount marine compass features four modifiable elastic cords that secure the item in place, whether on a kayak or a paddleboard. This feature ensures a snug mount anywhere you attach it.

A busy sailor like me wants a compass that is quick and easy to read. I am grateful that I found this compass. Upon purchase, SeaTurtl served as an easy-to-read marine compass that perfectly fits on my standard-sized deck.

The hood’s adjustable feature gives protection to my favorite compass, especially when not in use. It also prevents glare when I use it on the sea. This is one of my ideal features since I hate the blinding glare which may cause accidents. It is a dangerous thing that we tend to overlook.

• Features four modifiable cords that secure the compass in place.
• The SeaTurtl Mountable Kayak Compass is quick and easy to read.
• The adjustable hood protects the overall product and also prevents glare.
• All compass features stay true even after years.
• Not suitable for peaked decks.

This is one of the most reliable marine compass company in the market. COSTIN is famous for its durable products that can last for a lifetime. Their waterproof compasses, which are usually IP54-rated, are also coated in high-strength engineering metal, ensuring durability and sturdiness that others cannot top.

Whether your cruiser is dead on the sea or moving sluggishly against an outbound tide, this compass gives good heading. It is a reliable boat compass that stays functional and accurate no matter the circumstances.

You do not have to worry when you get stuck in the dark, too. This high-quality marine compass comes with a fluorescent design that lights up the right direction for you. It comes with a glowing magnetic arrow and compass card. Plus, it illuminates the dial, too, so you can read the data without worries, even in a dark environment.

• It is a waterproof compass with a water-resistance rating of IP 54.
• Coated in high-strength engineering material for optimum durability.
• Stays functional and accurate even when your boat is dead on the sea.
• Comes with a fluorescent design that illuminates in dark areas for you.
• This product resists shocks aside from being waterproof.
• This compass is a little bit heavy.

When I found this compass, I immediately knew that my search was about to end. This 12V device illuminates in a dark environment, so you can see the direction very clearly, anytime and anywhere. It also does not spin, giving me clarity even when the boat gets shaky.

If you love jeweled compasses like me, then you should try this one. It comes with a durable jeweled pivot installation that you cannot take your eyes off. The great design of this compass is coated with UV protection for a product that’s meant to last. I am also pretty sure that this easy-to-install compass will never delay your sea trip.

You can save a lot with this one because it features a low power draw you can rarely find in other products. This multifunctional compass is really something that you should have. It is a simple compass that perfectly serves my need for accurate direction.

• Illuminates in a dark environment so you can see the direction clearly.
• This marine compass does not spin, giving you more clarity on the direction.
• Comes with a jeweled pivot for durability and classic design.
• The marine compass is UV-protected.
• Easy to install and features a low power draw.
• The product is too large for RVs, as it is designed for big boats with larger areas.

The name says it all. This professional-grade compass will satisfy all your needs as it promises to lead you in the right direction in all of your trips. KEENSO truly belongs to the top marine compass manufacturers because ever since I bought its product, I have never got lost, and I easily reach my destination.

One thing I look for in a boat compass is durability. Thankfully, this one never disappoints. It is made of superior quality ABS plastic that efficiently resists any chances of rusting. Plus, it is also environmentally friendly, and the bracket is adjustable. You can be at ease with this compass that is easy to use.

I have tried several tiring compasses that lead me in the wrong direction. They even gave me hassles because I couldn’t read the direction pointed very well. The easy-to-read dial of this compass is far different because it guides me in the right direction easily, quickly, and with no confusion.

• A professional-grade compass that leads you in the right direction
• An eco-friendly compass.
• Made of the finest ABS plastic that resists corrosion.
• Comes with an adjustable bracket for easy maneuver
• The compass dial is easy to read.
• The installation may be challenging as it lacks a manual upon delivery.

You can look for a marine compass online, but you may never find a compass as good as this. When I get lost at sea, I know I can count on this product’s direction accuracy. The dial is also convenient to read, thanks to the accuracy compensator that comes with the compass.

For those who want to install their compasses in a jiffy, I highly recommend this one. It is a bracket-mounted compass, so it is known for its easy installation. It also supports the charge of your car or boat while offering a proper viewing angle to give a more precise direction.

This compass works well in many vehicles, which is why it tops other compasses. Unlike others that are bulky or too small for boat use, this one comes with the perfect size for your RV or sailboat. Plus, you will not need electricity or tools to install it.

• The dial is easy to read and delivers accurate results due to the compensator.
• This is a bracket-mounted compass, so it is easier to install than other models.
• Proper viewing angle for better direction.
• Its great compatibility allows this compass to work well in many vehicles.
• No electricity or tools needed.
• The ABS material prevents this product from rusting.
• It needs calibration before you can use it for the first time.

Are you tired of inaccurate compasses that lead you in the wrong direction? Then you can now rest easy because this marine compass from GELOO will never misguide you. It is a good pivoting compass for your car and boat, giving precise directions anywhere you go.

Since it is made of superior ABS, you know that you can count on this product. ABS material is known for its extreme durability that makes any product last long. It resists corrosion, too. So, you can take it on all your sea trips without worrying about the salty ocean breeze that causes rusting.

Another highlight of this product is the lighting. This boat compass with light saves you from the dark as it illuminates itself to make the dial easy to read. You don’t have to stress about the installation because it pretty much attaches to any surface. It comes with an EVA foam sticker or screws to make your work more convenient.

• Gives precise directions for your vessel with its pivoting feature
• Item is very durable since it is made from superior ABS.
• Non-corrosive compass, so you can take it on your sea trips.
• Illuminates in dark areas
• Easy to install as it sticks on almost any surface.
• Comes with EVA foam and stickers
• Looks bigger than the advertised picture

We are now at the last but not the least product in this article, and I will tell you why I reserved this one for you. I got this bulkhead mounted compass when I was about to have a long trip at sea, and this dash mount compass never disappoints. It is a flush-mount compass, too, so you can easily put it on top of almost any surface, including kayaks.

Plus, this compass is way different from other models in terms of quality and reliability. The BRUNTON compass has five-degree graduations for optimum accuracy. You know you are going in the right direction with this tool.

Save your troubles with this easy-to-read compass with its direct reading disc that makes this feature possible. It gives spot-on directions with its reciprocal bearing, even when facing giant waves at sea, so you would not have trouble figuring out your location.

• This flash-mount compass attaches to almost any surface.
• Also a bulkhead mount device.
• Comes with five-degree graduations for optimum accuracy.
• The product is easy to read thanks to its direct reading disc.
• Gives accurate directions with its reciprocal bearing.
• The included screws are too sharp.

We all want to make our buy worthy. That’s why everyone should be equipped with some info regarding marine compasses. So, what are the two important things that you must keep in mind? Well, first is the mounting method.

If you choose the correct mounting method before buying your compass, you will notice how it makes all the difference. There are different mounting methods, but I will just introduce the four common ones and exclude less common types like the overhead marine compass. They are the bracket mount, flush-mount, surface mount, and binnacle mount.

In a bracket mount, the compass usually rests in a bracket. You can mount this type on helms or decks. It is also easy to do, and you can have the right angle right away, which is why it is loved by many compass users.

Next is the flush mount. In this type, the compass lies inside the dashboard. It comes with a challenging assembly, but I can guarantee that the quality and visuals that this mounting type offers are out of this world.

The surface mount is where the compass sits on top of the dashboard. Just like a bracket mount, it is also easy to install. If you opt for a decent-looking installation, then you should go for this one.

Lastly, the binnacle mount. Just like the name says, a binnacle-mounted compass comes with its own case. It also looks decent and classy, but this mounting type may be bulky and takes up a lot of space. It also needs a lot of work, just like a flush mount.

After knowing the mounting types, I know that you already have your favorite in mind. It is time to go to the next thing that you should consider – the size. You would not want a bulky compass attached to a tiny helm. Besides that, the right size allows you to read the direction quickly and easily, even after installation.

Remember that smaller to mid-sized ones can range from 4 to 5 inches wide. Small sailboats, usually under 20 ft., are better suited with a small surface-mounted compass.

A bracket-mount compass usually comes with a mounting bracket. Some compasses do not come with a bracket mount, but there are times when you can convert one type of mount to another — for example, using a bracket to convert a flush mount to a bracket mount.

If you do not want to have a bracket mount, you can opt for Ritchie Explorer, Voyager, or Navigation Globemaster models.

Marine compass adjustments can be a piece of cake or a headache. But the general rule is to head zero degrees using the compass while disregarding the heading. After that, you should turn exactly 180 degrees and adjust the compensator. This will take out half the overshoot or undershoot. You can then repeat the steps on 90 to adjust the fore compensator.

To know if your compass is running accurately, you should observe these things. Put the compass on a non-magnetic flat surface.

Afterward, you should turn it in a clockwise and counter-clockwise direction. If the compass is accurate, the needle should act like a match stick that floats in the middle of a basin of liquid that you twist.

Calibrating a compass is one of the most challenging parts for me. I know that you can eventually get used to it, but the quality of a compass also plays a part. Choose a compass that delivers accurate direction and does not require constant calibration or tapping. It will save your time a lot.

Choose the best marine compass that comes with your preferred mounting type. By doing so, you can install something that you can actually handle. If you are a starter, choosing a bracket or surface mount is a good idea.

Besides, If you are care more about cabin products for boat such as boat seats or boat carpets , you also can search them on categories on the top of the article.

I am passionate about water sports and technical fields, so combining both makes me interested in making contents about boat accessories. With my partner, we went on many trips and sports games together, which led us to think about how we can spread our joys and passions to many people.

Yachting World

• Digital Edition

Best hand bearing compasses. 9 Tried & Tested models

• March 4, 2024

The hand bearing compass is our constant and essential navigational companion. Here's 9 of the best tried and tested hand bearing compasses.

The hand bearing compass is essential for a range of jobs around the boat. We take a look at the best tried and tested hand bearing compasses, used for swinging the ships compass, to accurate pilotage and general coastal navigation. We can also use them to take a fix on ships or other vessels, informing them which bearing to look in order to find us.

I keep a range of hand bearing compasses onboard my Dehler 36. Each arrived by dint of happy circumstance, as gifts and personal choice. From the discontinued autohelm electronic compass that I used to navigate with on my parents boat as a teenager, to the more current models. Here’s my take on the best hand bearing compasses currently available on the marketplace right now including those I have tried and tested.

We’ll have a look at the three fundamental different styles of hand bearing compass and look at which might suit you for any given circumstance. There’s the hockey puck style, which is compact, circular shaped and fits within the palm of a hand and used close to the face for sight taking. Then there’s the wand or pistol grip style held at arms length. Finally we have the sighting compass built into a marinised binocular. Each have their merits.

9 of the best hand bearing compasses

Best tried and tested hand bearing compasses – Plastimo Iris 50 | yachtingworld.com 

Plastimo Iris 50

Reasons to Buy: Indestructible, glows brightly, easy to read, directional shaped grip

Reasons to Avoid: Not great for glasses wearers

The ubiquitous hockey puck style of hand bearing compass. It’s virtually indestructible, has zero electronics and budget friendly.

I can’t find a negative point for this compass, but that’s probably because I don’t wear glasses. The hockey puck style requires you to hold the compass up to your eye/cheek to take a sighting. This is fine, but if you wear glasses, it might get in the way.

The chunky rubber grip will suit just about any hand, the extra wings that stick out give it directional grip. You’ll know its shape in the dark instinctively, always knowing which way it’s facing.

It is easy to use with gloves on too. It glows in the dark like a mini beacon after just a few seconds of the old headtorch in the pocket trick. Night and day, you’ll not go wrong with this iconic little compass.

Note: We may earn a commission when you buy through links on our site, at no extra cost to you. This doesn’t affect our editorial independence.

Best tried and tested hand bearing compasses – Weems and Plath | yachtingworld.com

Weems Hand Bearing Compass

Reasons to Buy: Great built quality, indestructible, glows brightly at night, floating lanyard

Reasons to Avoid: Very expensive, hard to find, non directional grip

The premium brand Weems and Plath is my go-to for a variety of navigational equipment, including dividers and drawing compasses and so on. You know you will get a high quality item and it’s a trustworthy brand. However, I think they could probably do a little better with their hand bearing compass.

Yes, it is a quality bit of kit. But it is missing that ergonomic grip that helps the user position it in the hand by feel. It glows brightly once charged by torch light and it has a vertical view window so that you can use it as a steering compass at a pinch.  It comes with a floating strap lanyard so that if you drop it in the water, it floats. Though, good luck fishing it out if you are underway. Rather over priced and there are better (identical) options available.

Buy the Weems and Plath hand bearing compass from weems-plath.com

Best tried and tested hand bearing compasses – Vion Axium 3 | yachtginworld.com

Axium3 Handbearing Compass VION

Reasons to Avoid: Non directional grip, limited availability

Do you feel like you have déjà vu? This Vion Axium3 is almost the exact copy of the Weems and Plath at half the price (who copied who, we’re not sure – ed) . It’s available from your friendly local chandlery too.

The same criticisms apply regarding the positional grip, though some prefer the smaller overall footprint of this compass. It’s just as indestructible as the other puck style hand bearing compasses and glows after being charged with a torch. It too has the vertical view window allowing you to use it from a static point as a fixed compass .

Some prefer the floating padding of this lanyard around their neck, though others consider it a bit of extra bulk to stow untidily. This is without doubt an excellent compass and really, it’s down to personal preference. The only additional item this has over the Iris 50 is the vertical view window.

Buy the Vion Axium3 from Force4.co.uk

Autohelm Personal Compass – Discontinued but still available on secondhand market

Autohelm Personal Compass

Reasons to Buy: Slimline, easy to store, very easy to use, clear readout

Reasons to Avoid: Discontinued, need to search for this secondhand

That good old Autohelm personal compass. Seen on boats since the 1980s.

I have no idea why they discontinued it as it’s still very popular. Mine must be 30 years old by now and still going strong.

Put the lanyard around your neck, line up one of the sights and press the button. Have a look at the readout. Do this two or three times for accuracy and you have your first fix. You can do multiple bearings and the compass will hold them in memory for you to then transfer to a chart.

If you want to have a constant bearing, then simply hold down the button for about 2 or 3 seconds and it will switch mode to constant compass mode.  The batteries last ages. This is really great bit of kit and all the thrill of the bargain hunt too.

Buy the Autohelm Personal Compass from eBay – second hand buy 1

Buy the Autohelm Personal Compass from eBay – second hand buy 2

Buy the Autohelm Personal Compass from eBay – second hand buy 3

Best tried and tested hand bearing compasses – Plastimo Iris 100 | yachtingworld.com

Plastimo Iris 100

Reasons to Buy: Versatile, easy to use, great value for money

Reasons to Avoid: Not as easy to stow in small vessels

The Plastimo Iris 100 hand bearing and helm compass is a brilliant bit of kit to have onboard. I’ve been lucky enough to have sailed on several boats equipped with one of these.  It’s versatile and easy to use. It comes in a variety of iterations with different coloured bezels. There’s an option for an internal light and there’s a race card version too.

It’s not quite as indestructible as the hockey puck hand bearing compasses but it’s not far off. The compass card and dome is clear and easy to read. When equipped with a light, it’s bright enough to see with but not dazzling. The pistol grip style of hand bearing compass won’t interfere with glasses wearers either as it’s held at arms length.

It comes with a housing that can be mounted near the helm or on a vertical part of the bulkhead coaming so that it can double up as a compass to steer by. You need to take a little more care with this compass though as the dome is rather exposed and can be scratched over time. It does come with a nice little bag though for stowage.

Best tried and tested hand bearing compasses – Silva 70une | yachtingworld.com

Silva 70une

Reasons to Buy: Easy to use, good internal light (where fitted), easy to read

Reasons to Avoid: No lanyard or stowage bag to protect the dome

A smart hand bearing compass from Silva. It comes in two versions, the un and the une. The latter has internal illumination. Much like the Iris 100 this can be mounted vertically to use as a steering compass and can be quickly and easily removed from the mount for sight taking. The card is clear and easy to read in all lighting levels. It feels fractionally more refined than the Plastimo compass but there’s very little in it. The round stem of the pistol grip can be a little easy to spin in the hand when wet.

Best tried and tested hand bearing compasses – Davis | yachtingworld.com

Davis hand bearing compass

Reasons to Buy: Popular and easy to use, easy to line up objects

Reasons to Avoid: Dated style, fragile appendages can be snagged or broken if not stowed carefully, bulky to stow

Traditionalism rules with this Davis hand bearing compass. It has been around in this unaltered, unfettered version for decades. Some mariners swear by it. The pistol grip is designed for a man-sized hand and feels reassuringly chunky, though all plastic.

The two sights are easy to line up and the dome, whilst not the best out of this little selection, is still relatively easy to read. It’s a good budget option, but if you want a pistol grip multi function compass I’d stretch that bit more to the Iris 100.

Navigator 7×50 marine binoculars

Reasons to Buy: Accuracy par excellence, easy to use, push button night light, robust

Reasons to Avoid: The strap comes with sub-par metal fittings

These Steiners were a game changer for me. Piloting around a fuzzy British coastline went from roughly there or thereabouts to spot on accuracy. They’re great boat binoculars but they’re also excellent for pilotage and coastal navigation . The compass is visible inside the right eye piece. The readout has a little pointer, so it is very easy to line up a headland or object in the distance.

They also have a night light, which falls easily under the index finger next to the compass body. Whilst they’re obviously heavier (1.1kg) than a dedicated single purpose hand bearing compass, they’re so quick and easy to use you wont mind. They’re not without a few little flaws, but not many. I highly recommend these if your budget allows.

Best tried and tested hand bearing compasses – Silva Eterna Navigator 3

Silva Eterna Navigator 3

Reasons to Buy: Rugged, easy to find in the dark, built-in compass

Reasons to Avoid: Long barrels can be difficult to hold steady, chunky strap not to everyone’s taste

I had the joy of using these on a client’s boat this summer. As per the Steiners above, they immediately inspire confidence in pilotage. Having a compass built into an eye piece makes such a difference to coastal navigation. You may find you rarely reach for the single purpose type of hand bearing compass again.

Dressed in ruggedised bright yellow, these are easy to find in a dark cubby hole and you’ll rarely misplace them. The internal compass is fractionally less refined than the Steiner’s as this one doesn’t have the extra pointer. I found the longer barrels on these binoculars slightly more difficult to hold steady in a rolly seaway and the strap, a chunky floatation type, was rather annoying on my neck, but I am being picky.

They weigh pretty much the same, coming in at 1.15kg and have a built-in push button night light. At half the price of the Steiner Navigator, these are a much more budget-friendly option to combine accurate hand bearing compass with binoculars. Highly recommended.

If you enjoyed this….

• Check out our guide the the best marine binoculars or handheld boat GPS units
• For guidance on how to swing a compass you can read more about that at PBO.co.uk
• If you’re thinking of doing a day skipper course, then read more about that at YachtingMonthly.com

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Best Sailing Racing Compasses

Last Updated by

Daniel Wade

June 7, 2023

‍ Key Takeaways

• A boat compass is ideal for any sailor out on the water in the event that you become lost
• Calibrating a compass is not difficult but you should consult with the manual beforehand
• A boat compass can damage over time so be sure to check reviews for good ones
• Some sailing compass brands come with brackets while others have various options
• It is important to understand how it works before attempting to purchase one

‍ A sailing racing compass is an important tool in sail races and on the water in general. But what are the best sailing racing compasses?

The best sailing compasses for racing would be TurnOnSport, Plastimo, Ritchie Navigator, and Detuck. Sailing compasses vary in mounted types or handhelds. You can find a perfect compass for racing since there are plenty of options to consider.

Base on my previous experience a lot of marine compasses vary in style and their intended use so each brand will cater to a certain sailor. Depending on the type of boat and racing you are conducting then the type of boat compass will likely differ.

Table of contents

‍ 10 Best Sailing Compasses for Racing

Sailors need a trustworthy boat compass for a variety of reasons but especially in racing. There are many different types of sailing compasses that could work for you based on your budget and desired sailing goals.

TurnOnSport Boat Compass

If you have never used a boat compass before you will be pleased with the quality of TurnOnSport’s boat compass. It can stick or be mounted virtually anywhere but is ideally meant for marine use. It is corrosion resistant and it comes with a shield to block out sunlight.

• 12V power supply to light up
• Magnetic and easy to install
• Might not be sticky enough to stay in place
• Needs a flat surface when trying to stick

Plastimo Contest 130

Plastimo offers an easy to read boat compass that can be seen from just about any angle. You do not have to worry about it getting beat up since the dome is scratch resistant and is also UV protected. It is ideal for boats over 30 feet but can still accommodate smaller ones.

• Scratch resistant
• Easy to read with a crystal clear display
• Can fit to bulkheads
• Might be difficult to find at times
• Higher price point

Ritchie Navigator BN 202

Ritchie Navigator makes an excellent compass like the BN 202 for example. It is proven to withstand a variety of sailing conditions and is arguably one of the best designs among sailing compasses. It is also equipped with an inclinometer to help with steering and windward.

• Comes with night light so that you can travel long distances overnight
• Inclinometer to help with steering
• Five year warranty
• Might be an expensive compared to other brands
• Slightly larger than other compasses

Boat Compass by Detuck

Detuck enters the boat compass game with a cost-effective alternative to other major boat brands. At just under $20 you can have a good quality tactical compass without having to break the bank. It also arrives with a magnetic declination capability so that you can improve the compass accuracy over time.

• Has magnetic declination to be more accurate
• Comes with a money back guarantee
• Backlight enables you to see in multiple lighting conditions
• Cannot be left in the sun for too long
• Plastic might not hold up in rough conditions

Lewmar has a few options for racers trying to find a top quality compass in their boat. Their 135 model comes with a hood that helps protect it from sunlight. It also has a sapphire jewel pivot to allow you to read it from any angle clearly.

• Two different options to mount it
• Ideal for larger sailboats that use 24 volts
• Easy to read compass card
• Might take a while to get it

COSTIN Compass

Costin is one of the best marine compasses out there for the price point. This is a great tactical compass that can also be used in marine conditions which is perfect for sail racing. It is easy to carry and store when not in use.

• Rugged and sturdy even if dropped
• Less than $16
• Comes with pouch for easy carrying
• Might not be the most accurate
• Instructions can be difficult to understand

100BC Compass by Silva

Silva might have the sleekest and smooth design for a sailboat compass. It can be mounted in a variety of positions and read from nearly any angle. It also has illumination capabilities so that you can see it in dark environments.

• Multiple mounting options
• Has protected cover
• Easy to read no matter the angle
• Price might be a little high for some
• No angle for heeling

Clipper Compass

The Clipper compass system is an electric tool that helps with direction. It has seven different levels of lighting so that you can see in all light conditions. It also has an alarm that will go off if you stray off your preset course.

• Various lighting options to read in any condition
• Easy to read
• Alarm to help you stay on course
• Need to keep on battery supply
• Cannot see it in some angles

Odowalker Marine Compass

Odowalker is another entry level compass that you can use for a variety of applications. It comes with an incandescent light to help you see in dark conditions and is easy to read. It is also made out of ABS material and can withstand some shock.

• Adjustable to see from various angles
• Multiple uses outside of sail racing
• Need power supply in order to use backlight feature
• Might need to adjust accuracy when it arrives

Autonautic Deck Mount Compass

The Autonautic CHE-0074 model provides accurate directions on larger boats. It is designed to allow more graduations so that you can see the numbers better. It is also one of the more durable and reliable boat compasses.

• Fairly expensive but has five year warranty
• Has graduation markings to see better
• Best for a steel boat
• Fairly expensive
• Meant for a larger boat

What to Look for in a Sailing Compass

There are various factors you should take into consideration when attempting to buy a sailing compass. You would likely want to read user reviews and potentially test one out yourself to get a feel for what you need.

In addition you should also narrow down your sailing goals to determine what is going to work best for your situation. Buying a sailing compass simply because you think it looks cool is not going to help your situation out on the water.

Size of the Compass

In my experience you should aim for a sailing compass that has a large diameter. It needs to be able to fit properly onto your dashboard at the helm so that you have and easier time reading it.

If it is large enough you can read the numbers easier when the boat is in rough conditions. It does not necessarily have to have a backlight but that would help especially at night.

Various Mounting Options

Depending on the type of boat and the sailing compass you choose it might have different options for mounting it. Various mounting options exist for those that want to mount it a certain way.

Space on the Dashboard

This installation is simply on the dash of your boat if applicable. You will need to cut out and fit a section of the dash in order to keep it secure and it makes it permanent.

Flat Surface Areas

Installing on the surface is likely the easiest and quickest since you can simply place it and be done. A surface mount can either be flat somewhere at the helm or horizontally at the best spot. This also prevents you from having to cut out a section of the dash.

Using Brackets

If your sailing compass comes with brackets this will allow you to place anywhere you desire with some installation required. A bracket mount will typically allow you to move the compass slightly to get a better read and is ideal for placing in vertical spots.

Mounting it Flush

A flush mount installation is where you cut a hole in your dash and expose just enough of the compass to read it. Some sailing compasses are more attractive looking when you install it this way but it does take a little more time than standard surface installations.

Binnacle Mounting

Choosing a binnacle mount is another option that is referred to as a “little house” for the compass. This helps keep it out of the elements or sunlight and are typically larger.

A majority of the sailing compasses you see on the market have a backlight and it is a handy feature if you are in lower light conditions. You will likely need to have it close to a power supply for a lot of these but some come equipped with a slight illumination already to make it easier to read.

Various Types of Dials

There are a few dial options to consider when selecting your sailing compass. Each one could appeal to you based on the way you prefer to read it.

Direct Dial for Upright View

A direct dial has the lubber line in an aft position and are best suited for helms that are closer to eye level when sailing. It is recommended that you have plenty of experience reading this type of dial since it requires some knowledge beforehand.

Dial with Flat Card

A flat card dial has to be read while you are standing or sitting in a seat above the helm since it features a horizontal face. The lubber line is forward so you would need to have the right angle when looking at it.

Hybrid dials are likely what you are thinking which is a mix between direct and flat. These allow you to read the compass from nearly any direction. These are best if you are needing to see the direction from any part of the boat and if you are newer to reading a compass.

Your Knowledge

If you have never used a compass before it will likely take a slight learning curve to get used to it. Consider purchasing one that you can either read from any direction or has simple but precise markers in order to get an accurate reading. Sailors that have plenty of experience might be able to read any compass no matter the quality.

How Does a Sailing Compass Work?

A compass is an essential tool for your boat to help guide you safely during any event at sea. This is especially important because if your power fails on your boat you can use your compass to help navigate back to safety.

How it Operates

Beneath the compass card is a tiny magnet that keeps north and south in line with the help of the Earth’s magnetic field. The compass is encapsulated with a fluid to help keep it stable upon moving on the boat. These are typically an analogue compass but some digital ones do exist usually as a handheld version.

Deviation Process

Deviation is a term used to describe when a compass is thrown off of its accurate reading due to other magnetic influences or too much metal interfering with it. You will need to read the manual or check with a qualified professional to help get it back in check.

Various Styles

Your boat will likely need a specific compass to make it worth the investment. As mentioned a binnacle compass is best for when the view is above and it is likely mounted on the wheel.

Smaller boats that utilize tiller steering are best suited with bulkhead mount that are located at the front of the cockpit. These also generally help with determining the angle of the heel the boat is experiencing.

In other words you should conduct the proper amount of research to best fit your needs. Your budget and boat type will play a crucial role in determining the best one. Your sailing experience can also make an impact on the buying process to help find the best tactical scale on the water.

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I've personally had thousands of questions about sailing and sailboats over the years. As I learn and experience sailing, and the community, I share the answers that work and make sense to me, here on Life of Sailing.

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Navigating the compass bearings

• Navigating the Waters: A Comprehensive Guide to Boat Compasses and Bearings

Are you a sailing enthusiast, an adventure seeker, or simply someone who loves spending time on the water? If so, understanding the importance of a reliable compass for boats is paramount. Whether you're charting unknown territories or simply ensuring your safety while navigating familiar waters, a boat compass can be your best friend. In this article, we'll dive into the world of boat compasses, compass bearings, and everything you need to know to make your nautical journey smooth and secure.

Introduction to Boat Compasses

In the world of navigation, a boat compass stands as an unwavering guide, helping mariners find their way even when modern technology fails. It's a fundamental tool for sailors, adventurers, and even everyday boaters who seek safe passage and thrilling experiences on the water. But what exactly is a boat compass, and why is it so essential?

A boat compass is a navigational instrument that utilizes the Earth's magnetic field to indicate direction. Unlike electronic gadgets, it operates without batteries or satellite signals, making it a dependable companion in remote locations or during emergencies.

Understanding Compass Bearings

Compass bearings, often referred to simply as "bearings," are a crucial concept in navigation. A bearing represents a direction in degrees, measured clockwise from the north direction. In nautical terms, bearings help sailors establish their current position, plan routes, and avoid obstacles.

Types of Boat Compasses

Sailing compasses: the navigator's reliable companion.

A sailing compass is a staple on any boat. Mounted securely for easy viewing, it provides instant directional information, aiding sailors in maintaining their course even when surrounded by endless waves. Sailing compasses come in various sizes and designs, catering to different boat types and personal preferences.

Handheld Compasses: Your Versatile On-the-Go Guide

Handheld compasses offer versatility for those who enjoy exploring both land and sea. These compact companions fit in your pocket and are perfect for hikers, kayakers, or sailors who occasionally go off-boat. Their portability makes them an excellent backup navigation tool.

Hand Bearing Compasses: Navigational Precision in Your Palm

Hand bearing compasses are designed for pinpoint accuracy. They allow users to take bearings of distant objects by aligning the compass with the target. These compasses are particularly useful for determining landmarks' positions, calculating distances, and verifying your boat's location.

Choosing the Best Handheld Compass

Factors to consider: accuracy, durability, and features.

When selecting a handheld compass, consider factors such as accuracy, durability, and additional features. Look for models with built-in lighting for night navigation, declination adjustment for precise readings, and sturdy construction to withstand the rigors of the outdoors.

Top Picks: Exploring the Finest Handheld Compasses

• AdventurePro 3000 : Packed with advanced features and a rugged design, this compass is a reliable companion for both land and sea explorations.
• NavGuide Ultra : Known for its exceptional accuracy and user-friendly interface, this compass ensures you're never lost

Read our top notch articles on topics such as sailing, sailing tips and destinations in our  Magazine .

Benefits of Sailing Compasses

Reliable navigational aid: making your sailing adventures memorable.

Sailing compasses offer a sense of security that technology can't always provide. They enable you to connect with ancient seafaring traditions while ensuring you can find your way home, regardless of satellite availability.

Stress-Free Sailing: How Compasses Enhance your Experience

With a sailing compass by your side, you can focus more on the breathtaking beauty of the open waters and less on worrying about getting lost. Let the compass handle the navigation, so you can relish every moment of your sailing journey.

Mastering Compass Bearings

What are compass bearings unraveling the basics.

Compass bearings are essential for determining the direction of an object or location relative to your own position. They consist of three parts: the direction (north, south, east, or west), the angle in degrees, and whether the bearing is measured clockwise or counterclockwise.

Reading and Using Bearings: Practical Tips for Success

To read a bearing, hold the compass flat, align the direction of travel arrow with the target, and rotate the compass housing until the north end of the needle aligns with the orienting arrow. The degree reading at this point is your bearing. Using this information, you can chart your course accurately.

Maintaining Your Boat Compass

Proper care: extending the lifespan of your compass.

To ensure your boat compass remains reliable, regularly clean the housing and the glass to prevent dirt accumulation. Store it in a dry place, away from strong magnets and electronic devices that could affect its accuracy.

Calibration and Adjustment: Keeping Your Compass Accurate

Periodically calibrate your boat compass to correct any deviations caused by local magnetic fields or interference. Most compasses come with instructions on how to perform this procedure. Calibration ensures that your compass provides accurate readings.

Embarking on a boating adventure without a reliable compass is like setting sail without a map. A boat compass is more than a tool; it's a trustworthy companion that ensures you never lose your way amidst the vast blue expanse. By understanding compass bearings, choosing the right type of compass for your needs, and mastering their usage, you'll unlock the full potential of your nautical journeys. So, whether you're a seasoned sailor or a curious novice, equip yourself with a quality boat compass, and let the tides of exploration carry you to unforgettable destinations.

So what are you waiting for? Take a look at our range of charter boats and head to some of our favourite sailing destinations .

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Choosing the Right Marine Compass

• By Pete McDonald
• Updated: March 13, 2017

Despite the wealth of information boaters can glean from their electronics, serious skippers still use a mounted compass in the course of navigation. When it’s installed properly, a good compass serves as a reliable, simple tool for setting and keeping a course. Here, using a Ritchie compass as an example and with some help from West Marine, is what to look for in a quality marine compass.

The Mount If you are installing a compass, the first thing you need to determine is where and how to mount it. Flush-mounted compasses, mounted horizontally on the helm, take up less space and are generally the most stable. If that is not an option on your boat, there are also surface-, binnacle- and bracket-mounted compasses that don’t require space underneath to install. No matter how you install one, it’s crucial that the compass’s lubber line be parallel with the keel along the centerline to get a proper reading.

Magnetic North A marine compass will have one set of magnets that is balanced to seek out magnetic north. Magnetic north is not true north — as in the North Pole — but the location of Earth’s north polarization, near Greenland. The compass rose on nautical charts shows the difference, called variation, between true north and magnetic north for navigation.

Corrector Magnets A quality marine compass will also house a second set of magnets called the corrector magnets. These correct the deviation that can occur from interference caused by your boat’s electronics or other magnetic sources. The correctors are connected to adjustable brass rods installed in the lower portion of the compass housing, enabling you to compensate, or “swing,” your compass card to adjust for deviation.

Gimbals To protect the compass from jostling around with a boat’s normal pitch and roll, it’s imperative that a marine compass has a built-in gimbal system. Ritchie makes all its compasses with an aluminum gimbal that cradles the dial to provide stability. The system is mounted on spring-loaded brass pins and kept level with a weighted-brass counterbalance.

Cards The dial, also called the card, is the numbered circular piece you use to read the degree of heading. It rotates on a steel pivot mounted on a sapphire jewel “movement” that helps with smooth turning. Front-reading compasses have a semisphere card, good for eye-level readings, but the flat-card style is dampened, thus more stable in rough water. This style also allows you to take bearings relative to your course.

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Steering Compasses: Show Me the Way to Go Home

Aboard the norseman 447, the skipper had at his command every electronic gadget known to man....

[Updated February 5, 2018]

In a brisk southerly, headed west out of Mackinaw City, the sloop slipped from Lake Huron into Lake Michigan, bound for Beaver Island-which has a marvelous history involving a maniac named Strang who crowned himself King James, ruled libidinously and was assassinated.

As the boat passed under the Mackinaw Bridge, the skipper declared that he had the previous evening programmed everything, including the autopilot.

An hour or so down the track, the sun didnt appear right. The binoculars showed a couple of small islands, named Hog and Garden, too much to the south. Comparing a loose sight over the big binnacle compass with a sneak peek at the chart suggested some intervention.

Because those who navigate electronically tend to suspect mutiny in even a casual glance at the nav station, the question was gently put to the skipper.

“Shouldnt those islands be more on the nose?”

There ensued some activity at the nav station, followed by, “Belay the autopilot, man the helm, harden up to 225 degrees.” Later there was a brief mention of calculations gone awry; the course had been off about 30.

It demonstrated that navigating a boat still requires some seat-of-the-pants feeling for where you are… and a plain vanilla steering compass, programmed only by the earths magnetic field. The magnetic field has plenty of anomalies (localized or even moving), but they are known. Einstein called Earths big, two-pole bar magnet one of physics last great unsolved mysteries.

Along with inexpensive fluxgate compasses, electronic instrumentation has made navigation easier.

However, the high-tech stuff never will obsolete a good, carefully-adjusted magnetic compass which when coupled with common sense will get you safely from here to most anywhere.

The Steering Compasses Tested

For this review, Practical Sailor collected, from the hundreds available, 18 steering compasses. Included are binnacle, bulkhead and bracket models, plus several interesting ones shown only in photos. Except for the bronze Telltale compass shown on page 7, all have 12V lighting and gimbal systems.

Ritchie and Rule rule the roost in the United States. Rule owns both Danforth, which has some “classic” models, and Aqua Meter, which because of reasonable prices and an excellent damping system, are said by Rule to be the most popular compasses in the world.

Suunto of Finland makes some high-style compasses. If you can afford to sail a Swan, a Suunto compass is standard.

Sweden markets the Brunton/Nexus line, which are known in other countries as Silva.

Plastimo, the French manufacturer, is owned by Air Guide, widely known for automobile compasses. Plastimo makes an amazing variety of compasses, including so-called tactical models and the widely-known Iris “hockey puck” hand-bearing compass. (The Plastimo catalog is good reading for fans of compasses.)

And, of course, there is C. Plath, of Germany, the only compass maker left that sticks with the very expensive spherical glass domes. The very strong glass domes defy ultraviolet degradation and are vastly superior to any plastic material. Plath guarantees them forever.

Nexus has a five-year warranty; all others are three-year guarantees.

The price range in steering compasses is startling, which may seem strange considering that a compass is a relatively simple device, a magnetized needle or disk that lines up with Einsteins big magnet. Whats difficult, and expensive, is making it (1) turn freely but settle down quickly, (2) easy to read, (3) last a long time in a fairly hostile environment, (4) adjustable to allow for quirks that prevent it from behaving exactly the same on every boat.

The first is accomplished by making the “card,” pivot point, and other internal parts extremely light in weight. If kept feather-light, the moving parts turn quickly and are easier to stop in the proper position. The single bearing point is usually a jewel (as in a watch). Fluid is used both to float the moving parts (giving them almost neutral buoyancy) and to dampen or smooth out the movement. Vanes are sometimes added to accentuate the damping.

The readability of a compass is important because conditions often are not ideal for discerning instantly what can be very important. Individuals with less than perfect eyesight prefer big numbers and marks; they go for cards with 5 marks, rather than the more cluttered-appearing 2 marks or even 1 (which require a large diameter compass just to print them). Traditionalists like at least some cardinal and inter-cardinal points, maybe just eight of the 32. Most of these compasses have card size and color options.

The housing for the working parts depends on the innards. Big “flat card” externally-gimbaled compasses are rarely seen on small boats (other than those with steel hulls). Full globe or semi-globular housings, whether binnacle, bulkhead, bracket or recessed, facilitate either rear-reading flat cards or front-reading domed cards-or both.

A good cover is paramount if the compass is to resist the sun, which tends to yellow the white paint used on the cards, and to at least partially protect the compass from the impact of hard objects, especially booms. Compass repairmen say booms dropped by failed topping lifts or vangs are the biggest threat to binnacle compasses.

The adjustability of compasses is accomplished with magnets that can be moved to compensate for quirks involving their placement on boats. Luck and a skilled compass adjuster often can eliminate, for practical purposes, the need for a deviation table-a permanent record of the difference between what the compass reads and actual magnetic headings. If the differences can be worked down to a degree or two on any heading, thats closer than most helmsmen can steer.

Steering Compass Quality Test Procedures

The Practical Sailor damping test involved pulling the card 90 off with a small magnet, quickly releasing it and measuring the time it took for the card to turn back and settle.

In the accompanying chart (see below), the “Damping” column usually shows three figures. The first number is how many degrees the card initially swings past its original position. This is called the “period.” The second figure is the amount it overswings in the opposite direction. This is called the “half period.”

The third figure, the most important by far, is how long it takes for the card to become stationary. It might be called the “settle time.” On a constantly moving boat, stationary usually is a relative term, but how much the compass jumps around determines how easy, or difficult, it is to steer a reasonably accurate course.

In other columns on the chart, the compasses were assessed for readability and appearance.

Readability is not subjective. Some cards can be read from six or even 10 feet, some from no more than two feet. The placement of the compass sometimes depends on its distance from where the helmsman sits, or how good the helmsmans eyesight is. Remember, it must be readable in a rainstorm or, if you sail at night, with artificial lighting.

Appearance is, of course, subjective. For instance, although many sailors like the very modern appearance of, say, the Suunto compasses from Sweden, few sailors at a boat show can resist slowing down when passing the booth that displays, in its gleaming brass or chromed elegance, the Danforth 8″ compass with the dramatic Skylight Head and a flatcard with 1 marks and all 32 cardinal points. It is a premier showpiece. (The photo on the opposite page shows its near cousin, the 6″ card version with 2 marks.)

However, because it involves the beholders eye, appearance was given less weight in the final rankings than the other factors.

For the final ranking column on the chart, the period and half period were ignored in favor of the settling time, which was melded mathematically with evaluations of readability, appearance and the cover.

Steering Skills

Unless it’s in very flat water with no wind, a small boat is difficult to steer to within a couple of degrees of a chosen course. If the course to steer is 85, an experienced sailor knows to keep the “wander” evenly between, say 82 and 88, so as to average out to 85.

If an inexperienced crew takes a turn at the helm, the skipper should watch for a while to make sure the helmsman understands the relationship of the non-pivoting compass card and the pivoting boat.

A conscientious neophyte helmsman will usually steer a compass course with eyes glued to the instrument. This is a tense way of doing things, and will lead to a headache. Eventually boat sense will increase and the helmsman will be able to stay in the groove well enough to take his eyes off the compass for a look around.

Some looking around is good; too much is bad. It should be made clear to all hands that steering the course ordered is a task to be taken seriously, because the navigator’s dead-reckoning plot depends on it. Thus, in some traditional logbooks there are entries for both “course ordered” and “estimated course made good.” The latter entry is for recording the course the helmsman thinks he or she was actually able to average during their trick at the helm, and this is the course the navigator works with. (If the estimated course made good is identical to the course ordered, so much the better.)

One of the advantages of electronic steering via GPS is that the satellite receiver and autopilot can continually average whats happening, calculate the course made good, make corrections, give a cross-track error, and point confidently at a waypoint. However, machinery is often confident when it has no good reason to be. Even with all those Higgs Bosons (for the uninitiated, these are the smallest of all known subatomic particles… as of press time) zinging around the boat, the prudent sailor keeps an eye cocked on the sun and glances often at the good old binnacle compass.

The Bottom Line

As sometimes happens in the Practical Sailor testing and evaluation, the compasses that worked their way to the top of the rankings were, with one exception, larger and more expensive models.

The top five were the Ritchie Globemaster (the SP-5 may be the most popular steering compass ever made); the Ritchie Navigator binnacle model (a smaller, less expensive version of the Globemaster); the new Danforth 4-1/2″ dual-reading, flush or binnacle mount sailboat-powerboat model that has what the manufacturer claims is a “virtually-indestructible” Lexan dome; the flush-mount Ritchie Voyager (white RU 90s with blue cards often are found in pairs, port and starboard, but unfortunately have neither internal lighting nor compensation), and the magnificent (and magnificently-priced) Plath Venus, which comes closest of all to a “forever compass.”

The second five were the big Nexus 150, the venerable and very popular Constellation binnacle mount, the Nexus 125, the Suunto B95 (an excellent bulkhead tactical compass) and the Plath Merkur.

In the third five were the Nexus Racing Elite, the Plastimo Olympic 135, the Plastimo Contest 101, the Plastimo Contest 130 and the Aqua Meters Saturn.

The data and comparative figures in the chart, along with the photos, are guides to whatever compass may fit your boat or suit your needs or preferences.

STEERING COMPASS COMPARISON CHART:

Click here to view the Steering Compass Value Guide .

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How to Swing a Compass on a Boat

• By Lenny Rudow
• March 15, 2024

Do you know how to swing a compass on a boat? Most boaters don’t, because we’ve become so accustomed to navigating via our chart plotters and GPS that a compass these days almost seems like an afterthought. But much as we modern mariners love our electronic navigational gear, we all know darn well that one day it might not work. Software glitches, electric gremlins and hardware mishaps all happen on boats. And when they happen to your vessel’s electronics, unless you have a lot of familiar landmarks within sight, you’d better know how to use that compass. Just as importantly, you’d better know how to swing a compass on a boat so you know it will give you an accurate reading when you need it most.

What is Swinging a Compass?

All compasses are subject to deviation as the result of interference caused by metal items and/or electrical fields generated by accessory equipment and the wires that feed them. This interference can cause a compass’s reading to be off by a few degrees, or in some cases a lot more. So, all compasses are equipped for small adjustments that can compensate for this interference. Adjusting this compensation is called “swinging” the compass.

How to Swing a Compass

Swinging the compass requires a bit of very simple preparation. First, you’ll first need to choose an area where you have visible landmarks like fixed markers, lighthouses or points to steer for on headings within 10 degrees of north/south and east/west. You also need to be in an area with relatively calm waters without too much current, so your boat’s course over ground is as close as possible to the boat’s actual heading. Then, you’ll need to figure out how your specific compass is adjusted. Most of the time there will be two visible compensators that look like set-screws or visible rods with slotted screw heads, one on the front of the compass and another on the side. If it’s not obvious, refer to your owner’s manual. (If you don’t have the manual handy, a quick Google search can usually provide the answer). You’ll also need a non-magnetic screwdriver or key to turn the screws.

Once underway, take a north-south course, observe your GPS course, and compare it to your compass heading. Note: Always remember to make sure your GPS is set to magnetic north, not true north, because your compass always reads to magnetic headings. If you’re unsure how to do so, refer to your GPS’s owner’s manual.

If the GPS and compass don’t match up, turn the compensator on the side of the compass (generally called the port/starboard compensator) until the compass and the GPS agree. Then turn your boat to an east-west course. Again, match up the GPS to the compass, and if they disagree, this time turn the compensator on the front of the compass (generally called the fore/aft compensator) until the courses match up.

When you’ve performed both port/starboard and fore/aft compensations, turn the boat around and run reciprocal courses to double-check the heading accuracy.

Additional Things to Know to Swing a Compass

If you don’t have GPS, you can still swing the compass using a quality hand-bearing compass held far from any metals or accessories. You can also refer to paper charts with recorded course lines between north/south and east/west landmarks, although this will likely result in a less-accurate adjustment.

Keep in mind that what we’ve covered so far is for swinging a boat compass that has already been installed in a boat. If you’re installing a new one from scratch, you may need to rotate the compass itself, in its mounting position, before affixing it in place to get readings that are close to accurate before following this process. In this case, it’s wise to carefully select the mounting location to keep the compass as far as possible from large metal items or electrical accessories. Also remember that some electrical accessories can affect the compass intermittently, depending on when they’re in use. Windshield wiper motors, for example, are notorious for unexpectedly throwing boat compasses out of kilter.

Finally, note that compass compensators have their limits. It may differ by brand, but a 20-degree limit is common and if your compass is off by more than that, it will need to be partially rotated or mounted in a different spot.

In this age of GPS and electronic navigation, swinging a boat compass may seem quaint. But remember, when those electronics fail you, you’ll need that compass to get back to port. And an error of five degrees might not sound like too much, but if you run for 10 miles you’ll be close to a mile off from your destination. So be prepared for those software glitches, electrical gremlins and hardware mishaps, and swing your boat’s compass before you cast off the lines on your next big adventure.

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Race Compass Smarts: When and How to Use One

Get a race compass! Without a compass, it seems there is a herd mentality, a tendency to go with the crowd. With a compass you’ll know why you are going with the crowd, or not.  Sailboat Racing with Gr eg Fisher

Until you’re pretty experienced and sailing against really good people, just sail in pressure on the tack that is closest to the mark. You’ll do well and don’t need a race compass. “Surf Nazi,” on Sailing Anarchy

In my opinion the compass is a secondary input. A compass only provides information for one spot on the course. More important to look around and read the wind patterns by checking the heading of boats around the course.  “Dog,” on Sailing Anarchy

Since acquiring a compass several years ago, I have experienced the yin and yang expressed in the three statements above. The compass has helped me in many ways, but being too reliant on it has also hurt me. For this post, I collected the existing wisdom on the pros, cons, and techniques for using a race compass.

We have updated this post from the original version with new tips, mental math examples, and refreshed links to compass sources. Unfortunately, our favorite digital compass, the Velocitek Shift is no longer in production.

Pros and Cons of Using a Race Compass

You win sailboat races by sailing faster and less distance than your opponents. To sail less distance, you must have a good feel for the angles. Many sailors develop this feel visually over time. However, not everyone can retain this visual information in the heat of battle.

Pro: precise angles matter

A compass gives you a precise tool for the angles. Winning in One-Designs , by Dave Perry, has a great table showing the dramatic gains and losses due to wind shifts in various situations, even with small shifts.  A 5° shift results gives the favored side an advantage of 12% of the lateral separation. On a 200-yard starting line, that’s a 24-yard advantage. If you sail a 5° header for one minute you will lose at least four boat lengths to a boat on the lifted tack.  For a simple table of advantages, check out this article from Sailing Breezes .

Pro: quick reference tool with many uses

In the heat of battle it’s nice to simplify your life. A compass gives you a quick reference for decisions in the stressful moments, such as after starts and mark roundings.  A compass helps you find marks, check the starting line, and sail the lifted tack.

Con: distraction of dubious value

Many seasoned sailors say that using a race compass is just one more excuse to keep your head in the boat. You should be looking around constantly, integrating all the data about sailing angles, wind strength, and competitors. You can train yourself to recognize slight headers and store a mental picture of the average wind direction in your head. When a permanent shift occurs, your previous compass data on average wind is useless. 

The verdict

I’ll go with Greg Fisher on this one: use a compass, but learn to use it as one input, and keep your head out of the boat. This is what we should strive for.  The compass has helped me even on small  lakes. As the lake gets bigger, a compass becomes more important, since there are fewer shore references. 

Using a Race Compass: The Numbers

So, you’ve decided to try using a race compass. To use it effectively, you need to “know the numbers.” Use part of your pre-race routine to gather the data and do the math.  

Average headings and wind direction

• Sail on each tack for at least ten minutes. The more time and more portions of the course, the better. Write down or mentally note your headings on each tack.  Caution: when noting a heading, make sure you are trimmed in and sailing a true close-hauled course. If you are pinching or footing, your numbers won’t be accurate.
• Determine the average heading on each tack, and the highest and lowest values as well. Record or remember these numbers.
• Determine the average wind direction. This is the value halfway between the average heading on each tack. Example: 235° average on port, 145° average on starboard. Average wind is 190°.  (235-145 = 90. 1/2 of 90 = 45. 45 + 145 = 190)
• Check the average wind direction against other known quantities: -Go head to wind several times and compare the compass bearing to your calculated average wind. -Check the calculated average wind against the RC radio chatter or posted course bearing. -Check the average wind against the forecasted direction.
• Keep checking the average wind to detect any oscillations or persistent shifts that may be occurring before the start.

Tacking angle

Your tacking angle is the difference of the average readings on each tack. In the example above, the tacking angle is 90°. This is a common tacking angle in medium breeze. Tacking angles might range from 80° in slightly heavier air to as much as 100-110° in light air. As your tacking angle changes, it will affect your average headings on each tack. It’s very important to know your tacking angle in various wind ranges, even if you don’t use a compass.

Starting line bias

With shifty winds, any momentary advantage at one end of the line disappears when the wind shifts. The best strategy is to know the line bias to the average wind direction. Race Committees try to set the line square to the average wind, but they often fail.

Don’t use the windward mark placement to determine the average wind. Race committees don’t often center the windward mark on the course. See our post on ladder rungs for more about why windward mark placement doesn’t matter.

Finding line bias

Sail down the line in either direction, lining up bow and stern with the line flags or buoys. Compare the bearing to a square line. A square line will be the average wind minus 90° when sailing on starboard, or the average wind plus 90° when sailing on port.   Example: Your compass bearing when sailing the line on starboard toward the pin is 85°.  The average wind is 190°.  These figures give you the following insights:

• A square line bearing on starboard tack would be 190 – 90 = 100°
• The 85° bearing on starboard indicates the pin (left) end is 15° low (100 – 85).

Anything more than a 5° bias may be significant, especially if the line is long.

Memory and visualization aids for line bias

• Square line bearing on port equals the average wind plus 90 (p is for port and plus). Starboard is minus 90.
• When sailing the actual line on starboard tack, if heading is higher than the square line bearing, the left-hand side of the line is favored. If heading is lower , the right-hand side is favored. ( SLR – starboard-lower-right).
• A quick way to check this without math is to sail from one end of the line at the heading you determined for the square line. Then see which end of the line is low. This doesn’t give you the actual line bearing, but may be all you need to know.

Mental math examples to try

Here are some examples. Try to do these in your head and fill in the blanks.

• Average upwind headings: starboard tack – 060°; port tack – 140°
• Average wind direction: ________
• Tacking angle: ________
• Square line bearing on port: ________
• Square line bearing on starboard: ________
• Favored end (right or left): ________
• Degrees favored: ________

Click here for answer.

• Average wind direction: 330° (You weren’t able to sail the course to get average headings, but have determined this by going head to wind several times.)
• Tacking angle: 90°
• Starboard tack: ________
• Port tack: ________

Mental math overload?

If you don’t want to do all the mental math, there are options. Some digital compasses can record the average headings on each tack and show relative lifts and headers. Analog race compasses have lubber lines and other accessories to help you do the math. There is also the Tacking Master , which is an adjustable wrist dial showing all the key reference points. 

Interpreting Changes – Puffs, Lulls, Lifts, Headers 

As your compass heading changes while sailing upwind, it’s important to distinguish between a wind shift (lift or header) and a velocity change (puff or lull). Check your ability to interpret compass readings with these examples.   

Sail luffs #1

With a nominal wind of 8 mph at 360°, you are sailing close-hauled on starboard, heading 315°.  The sail begins to luff slightly. The shroud telltales begin to point further aft. The wind speed on your face feels unchanged. You bear off 5° and the boat livens up again. This is a header. You were correct in bearing off to keep the boat in the groove.

Sail luffs #2

With a nominal wind of 8 mph at 360°, you are sailing close-hauled on starboard, heading 315°.  The sail begins to luff slightly. The shroud telltales begin to point further aft. The wind speed on your face feels diminished. If you bear off, the boat doesn’t react much. This is a lull, not a change in true wind direction. The boat will slow down due to reduced wind velocity and your tacking angle will increase, so you will eventually need to bear off if it lasts, but you shouldn’t bear off right away. Sailing lulls properly is not intuitive to many sailors. See our posts – Sailing Lull Tips and Sailing Lulls Tips – Part II  – for more.

Strong Puff

With a nominal wind of 8 mph at 360°, you are sailing close-hauled on port, heading 45°.  You see a strong puff (perhaps 12 mph) approaching on the water. As the puff hits, you ease the sheet to accelerate, but you find that you can’t steer up with the increased speed and your close-hauled heading does not change.  This puff is also a header. The tacking angle decreased as you increased speed during the puff, so you should be able to head up. Since you can’t head up, the true wind direction must also have changed.

Upwind: When to Use (and When to Ignore) Your Race Compass

Getting the numbers and interpreting changes are only the first steps. The hard part is using your compass data with all the other information, including your observations of the wind, your competitors, your overall strategy, and your predictions about what will happen next. Here are some thoughts from the experts on how to solve the puzzle in various scenarios.  

Oscillating breeze

In an oscillating breeze, with minimal changes in wind velocity across the course, you can simply sail the lifted tack, tacking when headed below the average heading. Waiting until you are headed below the average is very powerful. Many sailors tack at the first indication of a header and others follow. This is the herd mentality discussed in the first quote at the top of the article. For more on sailing in an oscillating breeze, see our post on Sail the Lifted Tack – How and When?

Persistent shift

In a persistent shift, you must sail toward the direction of the shift. You may have to sail a header to get there. However, it’s better to take the header early, rather than later, when the wind has shifted even further. So, in a persistent shift, ignore your compass and sail toward the shift until you are closer than your competitors (but not past the layline).

Most race courses are a combination of oscillating and persistent shifts, with variations in velocity across the course. The strategy here is to connect the dots and sail conservatively. Here are some tips for using the compass in these conditions.

Connect the dots

The overall strategy for hybrid conditions is to “connect the dots.” This means finding the breeze and then sailing the lifted tack. Work your way up the course by sailing toward the next shift or puff. In this scenario, you may have to take some headers to get in the breeze. Just don’t sail a big header for too long unless you’re certain it will pay off. See our post on  Upwind Strategy: Connecting the Dots  for more.

Don’t get too far to one side

If you get too far to one side, you will lose a lot in an unfavorable shift. On big water, use your compass to help you from getting too far to one side. When sailing away from the center, tack back on smaller headers. When sailing toward the center, only tack back to the sides on larger headers. See our post on  Race with Consistency – Ted Keller Comments  for more.

Sail to the advantage, but not all at once

As the race develops, various areas of the course will become advantaged. You can sail to these areas by footing, pinching, or taking slight headers to get there. Let’s say you are sailing a long lift, but see boats behind and to windward that are beginning to lift above you. Unless you see more wind ahead, you probably want to take a hitch to windward. One way to use your compass is to tack when you are on the least lifted heading. Then tack back when you reach the new wind or get a header.

If you have to go a longer distance toward an advantage, try doing it in stages, taking headers when least costly, and tacking back when you are too far headed.

In flat water with stable winds and minimal steering, a 5° shift will be noticeable and possibly worth tacking on. With difficult conditions, such as waves or highly variable wind, your compass readings will show a lot of noise, and you may not want to act unless the shift is 10° or more. 

Bearing to leeward mark

Determine the bearing from the windward mark to the leeward mark before the race starts. If you can head down to the leeward mark bearing as soon as possible after rounding, you’ll sail the least distance.

To get this number, add or subtract 180° to/from the bearing from the start to the windward mark. Example: Bearing from start to windward mark is 75°. Bearing to the leeward mark will be 255° (75 +180=255)

Sail the headed gybe

The rule of thumb for downwind sailing is to sail the headed gybe. The headed gybe is the gybe that takes you closest to the leeward mark when sailing at your preferred angle to the wind. This usually easy to see visually without a compass. On longer courses, you can use your compass bearing to sniff this out more quickly.

Get approximate average wind direction

Sailing downwind, you can also get an approximate average wind direction. This might come in handy if you don’t have much time before the race and are sailing down to the starting line. To make this work, you must be able to judge when you are sailing dead downwind. A mast-head fly is much better for this than shroud telltales, but in either case, you should test on both gybes if accuracy is important.

Permanent shift

If a permanent shift occurs, you need to adjust your numbers for average wind and heading on each tack. Sailors that focus on the race compass and the old numbers will lose big after a permanent shift. Two ways to do this:

• Watch your upwind headings on each tack and try to determine a new average.
• On the downwind leg, try to determine the new average by sailing dead downwind for a few moments.

Pre-Race Routine – Get a Leg up on the Competition – shows a detailed pre-race routine including compass use; input from Roble/Shea Sailing.

Cloud Strategy: Chelsea Carlson (Sea Tactics)

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10 Essential Safety Tips

Tech for Backcountry Communication

Best Hikes in US National Parks

Amazing Mountain Hikes in the US

Best Hiking Trails in Canada

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Mapping and Navigating Your Route

Navigation 101: Skills and Tools for Finding Your Way on a Hike

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When the famed frontiersman Daniel Boone was asked if he ever got lost in the woods, he replied as follows: “I have never been lost, but I will admit to being confused for several weeks.”

Even pros get turned around from time to time while hiking. Simply stepping off the trail for a covert bathroom break could be enough to disorient you in dense undergrowth. Game trails or drainage paths are sometimes mistaken for human trails. Making the situation worse, confused hikers tend to wander around hastily looking for the right path.

Knowing some basic wilderness navigation skills can keep you going in the right direction. As always, adhere to good hiking safety and carry a whistle—blowing it could be enough to help fellow hikers find you.

How to Navigate Your Route Before Your Hike

Navigating yourself along a hiking trail doesn't start when you reach the trailhead. A lot, if not most, of the navigation work occurs in preparation for your hike, so don't neglect these steps before starting your journey.

Study Your Route in Advance

The expression "can't see the forest for the trees" especially applies to hiking. Fortunately, we now have ways to see the forest from above before plunging into it.

Proper preparation for a hike includes getting an aerial overview. Use Google Earth or AllTrails.com to determine a high-level “box” of your hiking area. The sides of the box can be primary trails, roads, rivers, or whatever forms a perimeter. Know how far you would have to walk in a straight line to intersect some sort of natural or man-made barrier to orient yourself mentally in advance of your hike.

(If using Google Earth, click on “Map Style” and select “Everything” for the most detail. You can use the handy measurement tool for determining distances.)

Buy (or Download) Proper Technology

Don’t rely solely on technology for finding your way—many things can go wrong. Always pick up or print a paper map just in case. That said, a good navigation app or handheld GPS can supplement your toolkit for staying oriented; learn how to use it before going to the field.

Alltrails is a popular hiking app that works quite well; Gaia GPS is another good option. Both offer free versions, but you’ll need a paid membership to use offline maps when hiking without phone service. Avenza Maps can also be useful for offline maps.

Learn to Use and Adjust a Compass

You can use your compass to get rough approximations for cardinal directions, but you’ll need some training and practice before relying on it to shoot azimuths for backcountry bushwhacking. To be accurate, a compass needs to be adjusted for declination in the region you are hiking.

Did you know there are three types of north?

• Grid North: The top of the map
• True North: The True North Pole / Earth’s axis
• Magnetic North: Where a compass wants to point

Magnetic north in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park varies more than 21 degrees from magnetic north in the Pacific Northwest—enough to get you lost if your compass isn’t adjusted. Read more about using a compass properly from the American Hiking Society .

Learn to Read Topographic Maps

“Topo” maps provide useful detail but can appear more intimidating than regular trail maps. Each contour line represents an interval (found in the map’s legend) of elevation change. The number on darker index lines is the elevation at that point. The closer together the lines, the steeper the terrain. With practice, you’ll be able to identify peaks, valleys, and other terrain features by reading the lines and spacing between. The U.S. Geological Survey provides a guide to common symbols found on topo maps .

To delve deeper, consider signing up for a navigation class at your local outfitting shop (REI offers half-day classes). You can purchase topo maps for practice from the USGS website .

How to Orient Yourself During the Hike

Many of the skills and gear you prepared in advance also come into play while you're on the hike—referring to a map, knowing how to use your compass, and having ingrained knowledge of your route. Other than those, here's what to remember when you're actually out on the trail.

Look for Trail Blazes

Trees, rocks, or posts on major trails are typically marked at eye level with a painted “blaze.” Knowing how the trails are officially blazed (it varies) can help you stay on track. For instance, the famous Appalachian Trail is often blazed with vertical, white rectangles, but blue-colored blazes indicate a spur trail to a viewpoint, campground, or some other feature.

Avoid “Bending the Map”

Bending the map happens when you realize something on a hike just doesn’t add up. Maybe you crossed a stream where there shouldn’t be one or see a distant peak not represented on the map. Instead of taking action and admitting you’re in the wrong place, the tendency is to “bend the map” by warping observations and then proceeding in the wrong direction anyway. Inexperienced hikers sometimes assume the map is outdated. (Even U.S. Army Rangers tend to “bend the map” sometimes during land navigation exercises.) Either way, don’t disregard your map!

The best way to avoid bending the map is to check it frequently to make sure you know where you are before you get too far from your intended route. Don’t wait until you’re potentially lost to pull out your map. Instead, orient yourself frequently while having a drink of water at major trail junctions or terrain features.

Mark the Map

Instead of bending the map, mark it. Your memory may not be as good as you think, especially while your nerves get the best of you if you think you've veered off course. Mark progress along the way by writing the times when you reached major features or trail junctions. Doing so will help you backtrack should you stray off course.

What to Do If You Become Lost While Hiking

Almost always, getting lost while hiking is caused by a seemingly small event (such as missing one turn) followed by a bad decision. Stop the situation from deteriorating further by using the STOP method:

S – Stop moving and stay calm. The thought of being lost, especially alone in the woods can create a feeling of panic that leads to bad decisions. Don’t make a simple problem worse by wandering around in circles hoping to find the trail.

T – Think clearly. How long have you been going in this direction? When was the last trail junction? Think of the bigger picture and where something could have gone wrong.

O – Observe. Scan in a widening radius for trail blazes, bent undergrowth, boot scrapes on the ground, or any signs that could indicate hikers passed through. Listen carefully for distant sounds.

P – Plan. Before you begin moving again, have a solid plan; doing so will prevent you from becoming even more confused and acting on impulse, which can be dangerous. For instance, you could mark your current location with natural materials then proceed in a straight line for 50 paces (count each time your left foot hits the ground). If you haven’t intersected the trail, you’ll turn around and return 50 paces back to your starting point before trying another direction in a straight line.

Hopefully, the STOP method, as well as the other tools in your gear and skill arsenal have helped you get yourself back on track. If not, here are some more natural cues to follow if needed.

Follow Water Downhill

If hopelessly lost in hilly backcountry and staying put isn’t an option, many survival guides recommend following water downhill and downstream. The logic is that streams run into rivers that then lead to lakes or the coast—places where humans tend to build and frequent. And, if you’re out there for the long haul, this approach also helps solve the critical problem of having enough water to drink. (On that note, a lightweight and portable filter is an easy and useful item to bring on every hike, as it helps in case of emergencies or you run out of water, and it doesn't take up much space in a pack.)

Navigating With the Stars

The two stars at the “bowl” end of the Big Dipper (Ursa Major), the two furthest from the "handle," line up to point at Polaris, the North Star; it's the brightest star in the Little Dipper (Ursa Minor). In the Northern Hemisphere, the North Star can help you approximate true north.

Unless you have a serious emergency, however, leave celestial navigation to sailors, and consider spending the night where you are if possible and waiting until daylight to keep moving. Trying to find your way out of the woods at night is one of the worst things you can do. Even Daniel Boone would probably opt to stay put and wait for sunrise!

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The Evolution of Sail Boats: Discovering the Inventor and Origins

Alex Morgan

The sailboat, an incredible mode of transportation propelled by the wind, has a rich history that dates back thousands of years. The development of sailboats can be traced through various civilizations and time periods. Let’s explore the history and evolution of sailboats, from their early developments to the modern designs we see today.

Early Developments:

The concept of using sails to harness wind power for navigation has been present since ancient times. Early civilizations such as the Phoenicians, Egyptians, and Mesopotamians made significant contributions to the development of sailing techniques. These early sailboats used simple square sails and were primarily used for river and coastal navigation.

Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia:

Ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians were among the first civilizations to use sailboats for trade and transportation. The Nile River in Egypt and the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Mesopotamia provided the perfect environments for early sailing vessels to flourish.

Chinese Sailing Innovations:

In ancient China, sailors made remarkable advancements in sailing technology. They developed innovations such as the sternpost rudder, multiple masts, and watertight compartments, which greatly improved the efficiency and stability of sailboats.

Exploration and Trade:

During the Age of Exploration, sailors from different nations set sail on epic voyages, discovering new lands and establishing trade routes. Portuguese navigators, Dutch shipbuilders, and explorers from various countries played a vital role in advancing sailboat design and construction during this era.

Famous Sailboat Inventors:

Throughout history, several notable civilizations and cultures contributed to the invention and evolution of sailboats. Ancient Egyptians were known for their advanced shipbuilding techniques, while the Phoenicians were renowned for their maritime skills and expertise. Chinese inventors also made significant contributions, with their advancements in shipbuilding and navigation techniques. Portuguese navigators, such as Vasco da Gama, made groundbreaking voyages that shaped the future of sailboat travel. The Dutch, with their expertise in shipbuilding, created innovative designs that greatly improved sailing capabilities.

The Evolution of Sailboats:

Sailboats have evolved tremendously over time. From the early square-rigged sails to the introduction of lateen sails, technological advancements improved the efficiency and maneuverability of sailboats. The development of clipper ships in the 19th century led to faster and more efficient long-distance voyages. Today, modern sailboats feature advanced materials, rigging systems, and navigation technologies, making them versatile and capable of various sailing conditions.

As we explore the history and evolution of sailboats, we gain a greater appreciation for the ingenuity and skill of ancient civilizations and the continuous advancements that have shaped the sailboats we know today.

Key takeaway:

• Sail boats have a rich history: The development of sail boats can be traced back to ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China. Exploration and trade played a major role in the advancement of sail boat technology.
• Famous inventors and contributors: Ancient Egyptians, Phoenicians, Chinese inventors, Portuguese navigators, and Dutch shipbuilders all made significant contributions to the invention and evolution of sail boats.
• The evolution of sail boats: From square rigged sails to lateen sails, clipper ships, and modern sail boats, the design and capabilities of sail boats have evolved over time to meet the needs of navigation and exploration.

History of Sail Boats

Take a journey through the captivating history of sailboats as we explore their origins and advancements. From ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia to Chinese sailing innovations, and the era of exploration and trade, each sub-section bears witness to the remarkable development of these majestic vessels. Unveiling early developments and sharing intriguing facts, this section unravels the fascinating tale behind the sailboat’s invention, inviting you to immerse yourself in the rich maritime past.

Early Developments

Early developments in sail boats can be traced back to ancient civilizations such as Egypt , Mesopotamia , and China . These civilizations were pioneers in sail boat construction, making advancements in sail boat technology using wind power and simple square sails on wooden masts for transportation, fishing, and trade. The Egyptians, with their knowledge of wind and water currents, created efficient sail boats that played a crucial role in trade and exploration as they navigated the Nile River and the Mediterranean Sea. The Phoenicians further enhanced sail boat development by introducing multiple masts and triangular lateen sails, improving maneuverability and speed for exploring new territories and expanding trade networks. Meanwhile, ancient Chinese inventors brought innovations such as the stern rudder and watertight compartments to sail boat technology, revolutionizing sail boat design and influencing future maritime technology. These early developments laid the foundation for the evolution of sailing vessels, shaping naval exploration, trade, and transportation. Studying the innovations of ancient civilizations helps us understand the origins of sail boats and their significant impact on human history.

Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia

Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia used sail boats for transportation, exploration, and trade. The Egyptians were skilled sailors who utilized wind power to navigate the Nile River and the Red Sea. They could travel longer distances and carry larger quantities of goods.

In Mesopotamia, sail boats were also prevalent. The Sumerians , in particular, were known for their advancements in boat-building techniques. They constructed sail boats with a keel and multiple masts for stability and efficient sailing. These boats were used for transportation and trade along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers .

The sail boats of Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia were made from reeds, wood, or papyrus. They used square-rigged sails attached to the mast to harness the wind’s power. These early developments in sail boat technology paved the way for future sailing innovations and exploration.

The advancements made by the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians in sail boat design and navigation laid the foundation for seafaring civilizations and expanded trade networks in the ancient world. Their sailing innovations continue to influence modern sail boat designs and maritime traditions.

Chinese Sailing Innovations

The Chinese were pioneers in sailing innovations, introducing various advancements that greatly improved the functionality and safety of sailboats. One of these innovations was the development of stern mounted rudder systems , which replaced the traditional side-mounted steering oars. By incorporating this innovation, Chinese sailors were able to enhance maneuverability and control of their vessels.

Another significant contribution made by the Chinese was the implementation of watertight bulkheads in their sailboats. These compartments divided the hull into separate sections, effectively reducing the risk of sinking in the event of hull damage. The watertight bulkheads not only increased the safety of the sailors but also ensured that the boat remained afloat during voyages, enhancing overall safety at sea.

The Chinese were early adopters of multi-masted ships , utilizing multiple sails and masts to increase the speed and stability of their sailboats. This innovation improved sail handling and overall performance, allowing Chinese sailors to navigate more efficiently through various wind conditions.

Among their impressive advancements, Chinese inventors also developed the magnetic compass . This invention revolutionized navigation at sea, as it provided sailors with an accurate means of determining their direction. With the magnetic compass, Chinese sailors were able to explore new maritime routes and engage in more reliable trade, contributing to the expansion of their maritime empire.

Exploration and Trade

Sail boats played a crucial role in the connection of regions and the facilitation of exploration and trade. They allowed explorers to venture into uncharted waters, expanding their knowledge and discovering new trade routes. The transportation of valuable goods like spices, silk, and precious metals by sail boats contributed to the flourishing of trade. Sail boats aided merchants in establishing trade networks, which resulted in prosperous port cities and trading empires.

Exploration and trade not only influenced economic prosperity, but also led to cultural exchanges that diffused ideas, technologies, and artistic styles. The efficiency and maneuverability of sail boats greatly improved long-distance trade, thereby boosting economic prosperity. During the Age of Exploration , sail boats played a vital role in facilitating exploration by connecting explorers with distant civilizations.

Trade via sail boats faced challenges such as storms, piracy, and unfamiliar waters. Navigational skills and cartographic advancements were crucial in aiding explorers and traders to accurately map their routes. Ultimately, the exploration and trade during this period laid the foundation for the globalization and interconnected world that we live in today. Sail boats revolutionized exploration and trade by connecting people, cultures, and economies globally.

Famous Sail Boat Inventors

From the ancient Egyptians to Dutch shipbuilders, this section delves into the fascinating world of famous sailboat inventors. Discover the innovative contributions of these historical figures as we explore the ingenuity behind their sailboat designs. With each sub-section highlighting a different group of inventors, be prepared to travel through time and across cultures to uncover the remarkable individuals who shaped the evolution of sailboats. Hold on tight as we set sail on this captivating journey of innovation and discovery .

Ancient Egyptians

The Ancient Egyptians played a significant role in sailboat history. They had a deep understanding of sailing and made important contributions to sailboat design and innovation.

The Ancient Egyptians made remarkable contributions to sailboat design and navigation. Their expertise in shipbuilding, use of square rigged sails, and development of papyrus boats greatly influenced the evolution of sailboats throughout history. The legacy of the Ancient Egyptians continues to inspire and inform modern sailboat design and technology.

Phoenicians

The Phoenicians were skilled sailors and shipbuilders who made significant advancements in sail boats. Here are some key points about the Phoenicians and their contributions:

– The Phoenicians established colonies and trading routes in the Mediterranean Sea .

– They built sturdy galleys with multiple rows of oars for propulsion.

– Phoenician ships were constructed using advanced woodworking techniques, enhancing their strength and durability .

– They developed square sails, allowing their ships to sail against the wind by tacking at an angle.

– Steering oars provided greater maneuverability and control.

– Their seafaring skills and knowledge expanded trade networks and cultural influences across the Mediterranean .

Fact: Phoenician ships played a crucial role in spreading their civilization and facilitating the exchange of goods and ideas between civilizations. They were integral to maritime history.

Chinese Inventors

Chinese inventors have made significant contributions to sailboat development. Chinese inventors like Su Song have played a crucial role in advancing sailboats and impacting maritime history. Su Song , an ancient Chinese inventor, improved the sailing compass, aiding accurate navigation. Chinese inventor Zhu Yu revolutionized shipbuilding with watertight compartments, promoting stability and preventing flooding. Another Chinese inventor, Shen Kuo , enhanced sailboat maneuverability with stern-mounted rudders. These inventions by Chinese inventors have enabled exploration and trade.

In addition to sailboats, Chinese inventors like Su Song made strides in other scientific and technological fields during the Song Dynasty, constructing the “Cosmic Engine” clock tower that provided information on celestial observations, weather patterns, and tidal movements. Chinese inventors have played a significant role in shaping the advancements in various areas of innovation.

Portuguese Navigators

The Portuguese navigators played a significant role in the history of sail boats. They were renowned for their exploration and seafaring skills. Portuguese navigators , like Ferdinand Magellan and Vasco da Gama , embarked on daring voyages to find new trade routes. They used sail boats as their primary mode of transportation. Their navigational expertise and advanced shipbuilding techniques allowed them to navigate vast oceans and reach distant lands. Portuguese navigators opened up new trade routes to Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Their contributions to sail boat development revolutionized maritime exploration and trade.

When learning about sail boat history, it’s important to recognize the pivotal role of Portuguese navigators . Their bravery, navigational skills, and shipbuilding techniques paved the way for exploring and colonizing new territories. The voyages of Ferdinand Magellan and Vasco da Gama have left a lasting impact in history. The accomplishments of these Portuguese navigators continue to inspire sailors and explorers across generations.

Dutch Shipbuilders

Dutch shipbuilders played a significant role in the evolution of sail boats. They were innovative and skilled , known for developing the fluyt , a type of sailing vessel commonly used for trade in the 17th century.

These Dutch shipbuilders were experts in constructing efficient, seaworthy, and cost-effective ships. They pioneered new building methods and designs that improved the speed and maneuverability of sail boats. Their expertise allowed them to build ships that could carry larger cargo loads , resulting in increased trade and economic growth.

The influence of Dutch shipbuilders extended beyond their country. Other maritime nations adopted their shipbuilding techniques, further advancing the industry. Dutch ships were sought after and considered some of the world’s finest at the time.

The craftsmanship and innovations of Dutch shipbuilders were crucial in shaping the history of sail boats. Their contributions paved the way for future advancements in shipbuilding technology, making sailing more efficient and accessible for exploration, trade, and transportation .

The Evolution of Sail Boats

As sailboats gracefully navigate across the open waters, it’s fascinating to explore the evolution of these majestic vessels. In this section, we’ll embark on a journey through time and delve into the rich history of sailboats. From the iconic square rigged sails to the innovation of lateen sails, we’ll unearth the stories behind these ingenious designs. We’ll uncover the allure of clipper ships and the advancements that have brought us modern sailboats. Get ready to set sail on a captivating exploration of the evolution of sailboats!

Square Rigged Sails

Passing on the task

Lateen Sails

The lateen sails were an important innovation in sailboat technology. Here are some key points about lateen sails:

– Origin: Developed in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, the lateen sails were first used in the Mediterranean.

– Design: Lateen sails are triangular and attach to a long yard or boom. They are rigged at an angle to the mast for better maneuverability and efficiency.

– Advantages: Lateen sails allow sailors to sail closer to the wind and harness wind power more effectively. This enhances maneuverability in narrow waterways and areas with unpredictable winds.

– Wide Usage: Various civilizations, including the Arabs, Persians, Byzantines, and later European sailors during the Age of Exploration, widely adopted lateen sails.

– Trade and Exploration: Lateen sails greatly facilitated trade and exploration, enabling sailors to travel longer distances and reach new destinations.

– Continued Influence: The impact of lateen sails can still be seen in modern sailboat designs, particularly in small recreational boats and traditional dhow sailing vessels in the Middle East.

The development and widespread use of lateen sails had a significant impact on sailboat technology and the history of navigation.

Clipper Ships

Clipper ships were renowned in the 19th century for their sleek and fast sailboats, making them the perfect choice for long-distance trade and transportation. These ships were characterized by three distinct features.

First and foremost, clipper ships boasted narrow and sharp hulls that allowed them to effortlessly slice through the water, resulting in remarkable speed. The hulls were expertly constructed using durable materials such as iron , offering increased resistance against potential damage.

Another noteworthy aspect of clipper ships was their abundance of sails. Equipped with multiple masts, these ships utilized square-rigged sails on the lower masts and fore-and-aft sails on the upper masts, including the iconic “clipper” or “racing” sails. This innovative sail configuration further amplified the ships’ speed and maneuverability by effectively harnessing wind from various angles.

Clipper ships were designed with a relatively smaller cargo capacity . This intentional limitation allowed them to prioritize their primary function of swiftly and securely transporting high-value merchandise like tea, spices, and luxury goods. By carrying lighter loads, these ships maintained their outstanding speed and performance, making them exceptionally well-suited for trade routes with stringent schedules.

Modern Sail Boats

Modern sailboats have advanced in design, technology, and performance. Key features and innovations that characterize modern sailboats include:

1. High-tech materials: Modern sailboats use lightweight and durable materials like carbon fiber and composites, enhancing performance and speed.

2. Sail designs: Advanced computer modeling and design techniques have led to efficient and versatile sails. Sail shapes and sizes can be optimized for different wind conditions, improving speed and maneuverability.

3. Efficient hull designs: Modern sailboats have sleek and streamlined hull designs that minimize drag and resistance, enabling them to glide through the water more efficiently.

4. Hydraulic and electric systems: Many modern sailboats have hydraulic and electric systems that make handling sails and other equipment easier and more efficient. This allows for precise control and adjustment of various sail functions.

5. Advanced navigation and communication systems: GPS, chartplotters, and radar systems have revolutionized navigation on modern sailboats. These systems provide accurate positioning, weather information, and route planning, enhancing safety and efficiency.

6. Integrated safety features: Modern sailboats often come equipped with safety features like man-overboard systems, emergency beacons, and liferafts, ensuring the well-being of crew members during emergencies.

When choosing a modern sailboat, consider factors such as the intended use (racing, cruising, or both), size, and desired performance characteristics. It’s important to find a sailboat that suits your specific needs and preferences.

Some Facts About Who Invented The Sail Boat:

• ✅ The first model of a ship under sail appeared in ancient Mesopotamia between 5500 and 5000 BCE. (Source: Boating Genie)
• ✅ The concept of using a sail likely started as a coincidence when someone held a piece of animal skin up to the wind and noticed it made their raft move faster. (Source: Boating Genie)
• ✅ The boat’s stability became a challenge, which was overcome with the invention of the keel, a flat blade that balanced the boat and prevented capsizing. (Source: Boating Genie)
• ✅ The development of watertight hulls allowed for the construction of larger sailing ships capable of carrying more loads. (Source: Boating Genie)
• ✅ Sailing has played a crucial role in the development of civilization, providing greater mobility for trade, food search, transport, and warfare. (Source: Boating Genie)

Frequently Asked Questions

1. who invented the sailboat and when.

Sailing boats have a long history that dates back to ancient times, but the first sailboat as we know it today appeared in ancient Mesopotamia between 5500 and 5000 BCE.

2. What materials were used to make the sails of early sailboats?

The Egyptians, one of the earliest sailing civilizations, used woven straw, linen, or hemp coated with tar to make the sails of their boats.

3. What was the role of the Water Club of Cork in the development of sailing?

The Water Club of Cork, founded in Ireland in 1720, was the first nautical club. It played a significant role in promoting and advancing sailing, marking the beginning of amateur sailing.

4. How did Chinese junk ships contribute to the history of sailing boats?

Chinese junk ships were highly advanced in terms of size, speed, strength, and maneuverability. They developed important sailing technologies such as mounted steering and the use of triangular sails, which allowed for advanced sailing maneuvers and eliminated the reliance on seasonal winds.

5. Who were the ancient mesopotamians and what was their contribution to sailing?

The ancient Mesopotamians were one of the early civilizations that used sailing boats. They played a crucial role in the evolution of civilization by developing the concept of sailing and building the first model of a ship under sail.

6. Can I experience sailing firsthand by booking a sailing day trip?

Yes, you can book a sailing day trip to experience sailing and enjoy the beauty of being on the water. Many sailing tour companies offer various options for individuals to explore sailing.

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VESSEL REVIEW | Sinichka – Electric commuter boats designed for Russia’s Moskva River

A series of three new electric monohull commuter ferries have already begun operational sailings on the Moskva River in the Russian capital Moscow.

Built by Russian shipyard Emperium, sister vessels Sinichka , Filka , and Presnya – all named after rivers in Moscow – are being operated by the Moscow Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development (Moscow Deptrans). They are the first units of a planned fleet of 20 vessels that will serve the capital city and other nearby communities. The new ferry system will be the water transport system to be operated on the Moskva River in 16 years.

Each vessel has a welded aluminium hull, an LOA of 21 metres, a beam of 6.2 metres, a draught of only 1.4 metres, a displacement of 40 tonnes, and capacity for 80 passengers plus two crewmembers. Seating is available for 42 passengers on each ferry, and the main cabins are also fitted with USB charging ports, wifi connectivity, tables, toilets, and space for bicycles and scooters. The cabin layout can be rearranged to allow the operator to adjust the distances between the seats and to install armrests of varying widths.

An open upper deck is also accessible to passengers and is the only area on each ferry where smoking is allowed.

The ferries are all of modular construction with each ferry’s wheelhouse, main cabin, and other structural elements being built as complete, separate components. This enables the ferries to be easily dismantled for transport to anywhere in Russia by rail and then quickly re-assembled within seven days.

The ferries are also ice-capable. Recently completed operational trials on the Moskva showed that the vessels can also easily navigate under mild winter conditions with broken surface ice, though year-round operations are planned for the entire fleet.

The ferries are each fitted with 500kWh lithium iron phosphate battery packs that supply power to two 134kW motors. This configuration can deliver a maximum speed of 11.8 knots, a cruising speed of just under 10 knots, and a range of 150 kilometres.

Emperium said the transfer of rotation of electric motors to the propeller is carried out by direct drive. As a propulsion installation, a pulling rotary propeller-steering column with double screws is used. The installation of double pulling screws, with similar power, allows an operator to increase the efficiency of the propulsion system to deliver a slightly higher speed or to reduce energy consumption. This arrangement also provides the ferries with enhanced manoeuvrability necessary for navigating in close quarters.

The batteries themselves have projected service lives of 10 to 12 years and are fitted with safety features such as built-in fire extinguishers and gas vents. Quick-disconnect features allow the batteries to be easily removed for replacement or maintenance.

Some of our readers have expressed disquiet at our publication of reviews and articles describing new vessels from Russia. We at Baird Maritime can understand and sympathise with those views. However, despite the behaviour of the country’s leaders, we believe that the maritime world needs to learn of the latest developments in vessel design and construction there.

Click here to read other news stories, features, opinion articles, and vessel reviews as part of this month’s Passenger Vessel Week.

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Tags: Emperium Filka Moscow Moscow Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development Moskva River Presnya Russia Sinichka WBW newbuild

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