gaff rigged sailboat

Guide to Understanding Sail Rig Types (with Pictures)

There are a lot of different sail rig types and it can be difficult to remember what's what. So I've come up with a system. Let me explain it in this article.

What are the different types of sail rig? The sail rig is determined by the number of masts and the layout and shape of sails. Most modern ships are fore-and-aft rigged, while old ships are square-rigged. Rigs with one mast are sloops and cutters. Ketches, yawls, brigs, and schooners have two masts. Barques have three masts. Rigs can contain up to seven masts.

'Yeah, that's a gaff brig, and that a Bermuda cutter' - If you don't know what this means (neither did I) and want to know what to call a two-masted ship with a square-rigged mainsail, this article is definitely for you.

On this page:

More info on sail rig types, mast configurations and rig types, rigs with one mast, rigs with two masts, rigs with three masts, related questions.

This article is part 2 of my series on sails and rig types. Part 1 is all about the different types of sails. If you want to know everything there is to know about sails once and for all, I really recommend you read it. It gives a good overview of sail types and is easy to understand.

The Ultimate Guide to Sail Types and Rigs (with Pictures)

First of all, what is a sail rig? A sail rig is the way in which the sails are attached to the mast(s). In other words, it's the setup or configuration of the sailboat. The rig consists of the sail and mast hardware. The sail rig and sail type are both part of the sail plan. We usually use the sail rig type to refer to the type of boat.

Let's start by taking a look at the most commonly used modern sail rigs. Don't worry if you don't exactly understand what's going on. At the end of this article, you'll understand everything about rig types.

The sail rig and sail plan are often used interchangeably. When we talk of the sail rig we usually mean the sail plan . Although they are not quite the same. A sail plan is the set of drawings by the naval architect that shows the different combinations of sails and how they are set up for different weather conditions. For example a light air sail plan, storm sail plan, and the working sail plan (which is used most of the time).

So let's take a look at the three things that make up the sail plan.

The 3 things that make up the sail plan

I want to do a quick recap of my previous article. A sail plan is made up of:

• Mast configuration - refers to the number of masts and where they are placed
• Sail type - refers to the sail shape and functionality
• Rig type - refers to the way these sails are set up on your boat

I'll explore the most common rig types in detail later in this post. I've also added pictures to learn to recognize them more easily. ( Click here to skip to the section with pictures ).

How to recognize the sail plan?

So how do you know what kind of boat you're dealing with? If you want to determine what the rig type of a boat is, you need to look at these three things:

• Check the number of masts, and how they are set up.
• You look at the type of sails used (the shape of the sails, how many there are, and what functionality they have).
• And you have to determine the rig type, which means the way the sails are set up.

Below I'll explain each of these factors in more detail.

The most common rig types on sailboats

To give you an idea of the most-used sail rigs, I'll quickly summarize some sail plans below and mention the three things that make up their sail plan.

• Bermuda sloop - one mast, one mainsail, one headsail, fore-and-aft rigged
• Gaff cutter - one mast, one mainsail, two staysails, fore-and-aft rigged
• Gaff schooner - two-masted (foremast), two mainsails, staysails, fore-and-aft rigged
• Gaff ketch - two-masted (mizzen), two mainsails, staysails, fore-and-aft rigged
• Full-rigged ship or tall ship - three or more masts, mainsail on each mast, staysails, square-rigged

The first word is the shape and rigging of the mainsail. So this is the way the sail is attached to the mast. I'll go into this later on. The second word refers to the mast setup and amount of sails used.

Most sailboats are Bermuda sloops. Gaff-rigged sails are mostly found on older, classic boats. Square-rigged sails are generally not used anymore.

But first I want to discuss the three factors that make up the sail plan in more detail.

Ways to rig sails

There are basically two ways to rig sails:

• From side to side, called Square-rigged sails - the classic pirate sails
• From front to back, called Fore-and-aft rigged sails - the modern sail rig

Almost all boats are fore-and-aft rigged nowadays.

Square sails are good for running downwind, but they're pretty useless when you're on an upwind tack. These sails were used on Viking longships, for example. Their boats were quicker downwind than the boats with fore-and-aft rigged sails, but they didn't handle as well.

The Arabs first used fore-and-aft rigged sails, making them quicker in difficult wind conditions.

Quick recap from part 1: the reason most boats are fore-and-aft rigged today is the increased maneuverability of this configuration. A square-rigged ship is only good for downwind runs, but a fore-and-aft rigged ship can sail close to the wind, using the lift to move forward.

The way the sails are attached to the mast determines the shape of the sail. The square-rigged sails are always attached the same way to the mast. The fore-and-aft rig, however, has a lot of variations.

The three main sail rigs are:

• Bermuda rig - most used - has a three-sided (triangular) mainsail
• Gaff rig - has a four-sided mainsail, the head of the mainsail is guided by a gaff
• Lateen rig - has a three-sided (triangular) mainsail on a long yard

The Bermuda is the most used, the gaff is a bit old-fashioned, and the lateen rig is outdated (about a thousand years). Lateen rigs were used by the Moors. The Bermuda rig is actually based on the Lateen rig (the Dutch got inspired by the Moors).

Other rig types that are not very common anymore are:

• Junk rig - has horizontal battens to control the sail
• Settee rig - Lateen with the front corner cut off
• Crabclaw rig

Mast configuration

Okay, we know the shape of the mainsail. Now it's time to take a look at the mast configuration. The first thing is the number of masts:

• one-masted boats
• two-masted boats
• three-masted boats
• four masts or up
• full or ship-rigged boats - also called 'ships' or 'tall ships'

I've briefly mentioned the one and two mast configurations in part 1 of this article. In this part, I'll also go over the three-masted configurations, and the tall ships as well.

A boat with one mast has a straightforward configuration because there's just one mast. You can choose to carry more sails or less, but that's about it.

A boat with two masts or more gets interesting. When you add a mast, it means you have to decide where to put the extra mast: in front, or in back of the mainmast. You can also choose whether or not the extra mast will carry an extra mainsail. The placement and size of the extra mast are important in determining what kind of boat we're dealing with. So you start by locating the largest mast, which is always the mainmast.

From front to back: the first mast is called the foremast. The middle mast is called the mainmast. And the rear mast is called the mizzenmast.

What is the mizzenmast? The mizzenmast is the aft-most (rear) mast on a sailboat with three or more masts or the mast behind the mainmast on a boat with two masts. The mizzenmast carries the mizzen sail. On a two-masted boat, the mizzenmast is always (slightly) smaller than the mainmast. What is the purpose of the mizzen sail? The mizzen sail provides more sail area and flexibility in sail plan. It can be used as a big wind rudder, helping the sailor to have more control over the stern of the ship. It pushes the stern away from the wind and forces the bow in the opposite way. This may help to bring the bow into the wind when at anchor.

I always look at the number of masts first, because this is the easiest to spot. So to make this stuff more easy to understand, I've divided up the rig types based on the number of masts below.

Why would you want more masts and sail anyways?

Good question. The biggest advantage of two masts compared to one (let's say a ketch compared to a sloop), is that it allows you to use multiple smaller sails to get the same sail area. It also allows for shorter masts.

This means you reduce the stress on the rigging and the masts, which makes the ketch rig safer and less prone to wear and tear. It also doesn't capsize as quickly. So there are a couple of real advantages of a ketch rig over a sloop rig.

In the case of one mast, we look at the number of sails it carries.

Boats with one mast can have either one sail, two sails, or three or more sails.

Most single-masted boats are sloops, which means one mast with two sails (mainsail + headsail). The extra sail increases maneuverability. The mainsail gives you control over the stern, while the headsail gives you control over the bow.

Sailor tip: you steer a boat using its sails, not using its rudder.

The one-masted rigs are:

• Cat - one mast, one sail
• Sloop - one mast, two sails
• Cutter - one mast, three or more sails

The cat is the simplest sail plan and has one mast with one sail. It's easy to handle alone, so it's very popular as a fishing boat. Most (very) small sailboats are catboats, like the Sunfish, and many Laser varieties. But it has a limited sail area and doesn't give you the control and options you have with more sails.

The most common sail plan is the sloop. It has one mast and two sails: the main and headsail. Most sloops have a Bermuda mainsail. It's one of the best racing rigs because it's able to sail very close to the wind (also called 'weatherly'). It's one of the fastest rig types for upwind sailing.

It's a simple sail plan that allows for high performance, and you can sail it short-handed. That's why most sailboats you see today are (Bermuda) sloops.

This rig is also called the Marconi rig, and it was developed by a Dutch Bermudian (or a Bermudian Dutchman) - someone from Holland who lived on Bermuda.

A cutter has three or more sails. Usually, the sail plan looks a lot like the sloop, but it has three headsails instead of one. Naval cutters can carry up to 6 sails.

Cutters have larger sail area, so they are better in light air. The partition of the sail area into more smaller sails give you more control in heavier winds as well. Cutters are considered better for bluewater sailing than sloops (although sloops will do fine also). But the additional sails just give you a bit more to play with.

Two-masted boats can have an extra mast in front or behind the mainmast. If the extra mast is behind (aft of) the mainmast, it's called a mizzenmast . If it's in front of the mainmast, it's called a foremast .

If you look at a boat with two masts and it has a foremast, it's most likely either a schooner or a brig. It's easy to recognize a foremast: the foremast is smaller than the aft mast.

If the aft mast is smaller than the front mast, it is a sail plan with a mizzenmast. That means the extra mast has been placed at the back of the boat. In this case, the front mast isn't the foremast, but the mainmast. Boats with two masts that have a mizzenmast are most likely a yawl or ketch.

The two-masted rigs are:

• Lugger - two masts (mizzen), with lugsail (a cross between gaff rig and lateen rig) on both masts
• Yawl - two masts (mizzen), fore-and-aft rigged on both masts. Main mast is much taller than mizzen. Mizzen without a mainsail.
• Ketch - two masts (mizzen), fore-and-aft rigged on both masts. Main mast with only slightly smaller mizzen. Mizzen has mainsail.
• Schooner - two masts (foremast), generally gaff rig on both masts. Main mast with only slightly smaller foremast. Sometimes build with three masts, up to seven in the age of sail.
• Bilander - two masts (foremast). Has a lateen-rigged mainsail and square-rigged sails on the foremast and topsails.
• Brig - two masts (foremast), partially square-rigged. The main mast carries small lateen-rigged sail.

The yawl has two masts that are fore-and-aft rigged and a mizzenmast. The mizzenmast is much shorter than the mainmast, and it doesn't carry a mainsail. The mizzenmast is located aft of the rudder and is mainly used to increase helm balance.

A ketch has two masts that are fore-and-aft rigged. The extra mast is a mizzenmast. It's nearly as tall as the mainmast and carries a mainsail. Usually, the mainsails of the ketch are gaff-rigged, but there are Bermuda-rigged ketches too. The mizzenmast is located in front of the rudder instead of aft, as on the yawl.

The function of the ketch's mizzen sail is different from that of the yawl. It's actually used to drive the boat forward, and the mizzen sail, together with the headsail, are sufficient to sail the ketch. The mizzen sail on a yawl can't really drive the boat forward.

Schooners have two masts that are fore-and-aft rigged. The extra mast is a foremast which is generally smaller than the mainmast, but it does carry a mainsail. Schooners are also built with a lot more masts, up to seven (not anymore). The schooner's mainsails are generally gaff-rigged.

The schooner is easy to sail but not very fast. It handles easier than a sloop, except for upwind, and it's only because of better technology that sloops are now more popular than the schooner.

The brig has two masts. The foremast is always square-rigged. The mainmast can be square-rigged or is partially square-rigged. Some brigs carry a lateen mainsail on the mainmast, with square-rigged topsails.

Some variations on the brig are:

Brigantine - two masts (foremast), partially square-rigged. Mainmast carries no square-rigged mainsail.

Hermaphrodite brig - also called half brig or schooner brig. Has two masts (foremast), partially square-rigged. Mainmast carries a gaff rig mainsail and topsail, making it half schooner.

Three-masted boats are mostly barques or schooners. Sometimes sail plans with two masts are used with more masts.

The three-masted rigs are:

• Barque - three masts, fore, and mainmast are square-rigged, the mizzenmast is usually gaff-rigged. All masts carry mainsail.
• Barquentine - three masts, foremast is square-rigged, the main and mizzenmast are fore-and-aft rigged. Also called the schooner barque.
• Polacca - three masts, foremast is square-rigged, the main and mizzenmast are lateen-rigged.
• Xebec - three masts, all masts are lateen-rigged.

A barque has three or four masts. The fore and mainmast are square-rigged, and the mizzen fore-and-aft, usually gaff-rigged. Carries a mainsail on each mast, but the mainsail shape differs per mast (square or gaff). Barques were built with up to five masts. Four-masted barques were quite common.

Barques were a good alternative to full-rigged ships because they require a lot fewer sailors. But they were also slower. Very popular rig for ocean crossings, so a great rig for merchants who travel long distances and don't want 30 - 50 sailors to run their ship.

Barquentine

The barquentine usually has three masts. The foremast is square-rigged and the main and mizzenmast fore-and-aft. The rear masts are usually gaff-rigged.

Faster than a barque or a schooner, but the performance is worse than both.

The polacca or polacre rig has three masts with a square-rigged foremast. The main and mizzenmast are lateen-rigged. Beautiful boat to see. Polacca literally means 'Polish' (it's Italian). It was a popular rig type in the Mediterranean in the 17th century. It looks like the xebec, which has three lateen-rigged masts.

Fun fact: polaccas were used by a Dutch sailor-turned-Turkish-pirate (called Murat Reis).

The xebec is a Mediterranean trading ship with three masts. All masts are lateen-rigged. I couldn't find any surviving xebecs, only models and paintings. So I guess this rig is outdated a long time.

A boat with three or more masts that all carry square-rigged sails is called a ship, a tall ship, or a full-rigged ship. So it's at this point that we start calling boats 'ships'. It has nothing to do with size but with the type of rigging.

More sails mean less stress on all of them. These ships use a lot of sails to distribute the forces, which reduces the stress on the rigging and the masts. Square sails mean double the sail area in comparison to triangular sails.

They are quite fast for their size, and they could outrun most sloops and schooners (schooners were relatively a lot heavier). The reason is that tall ships could be a lot longer than sloops, giving them a lot of extra hull speed. Sloops couldn't be as large because there weren't strong enough materials available. Try making a single triangular sail with a sail area of over 500 sq. ft. from linen.

So a lot of smaller sails made sense. You could have a large ship with a good maximum hull speed, without your sails ripping apart with every gust of wind.

But you need A LOT of sailors to sail a tall ship: about 30 sailors in total to ie. reef down sails and operate the ship. That's really a lot.

Tall ships are used nowadays for racing, with the popular tall ship races traveling the world. Every four years I go and check them out when they are at Harlingen (which is very close to where I live).

Check out the amazing ships in this video of the tall ship races last year near my hometown. (The event was organized by friends of mine).

What is the difference between a schooner and a sloop? A schooner has two masts, whereas the sloop only has one. The schooner carries more sails, with a mainsail on both masts. Also, sloops are usually Bermuda-rigged, whereas schooners are usually gaff-rigged. Most schooners also carry one or two additional headsails, in contrast to the single jib of the sloop.

What do you call a two-masted sailboat? A two-masted sailboat is most likely a yawl, ketch, schooner, or brig. To determine which one it is you have to locate the mainmast (the tallest). At the rear: schooner or brig. In front: yawl or ketch. Brigs have a square-rigged foremast, schooners don't. Ketches carry a mainsail on the rear mast; yawls don't.

What is a sloop rig? A sloop rig is a sailboat with one mast and two sails: a mainsail and headsail. It's a simple sail plan that handles well and offers good upwind performance. The sloop rig can be sailed shorthanded and is able to sail very close to the wind, making it very popular. Most recreational sailboats use a sloop rig.

What is the difference between a ketch and a yawl? The most important difference between a ketch and a yawl are the position and height of the mizzenmast. The mizzenmast on a yawl is located aft of the rudder, is shorter than the mainmast and doesn't carry a mainsail. On a ketch, it's nearly as long as the mainmast and carries a mainsail.

There are a wonderful lots of DIY changeability shows on the cable airwaves these days.

Rick the rigger

There are SO many errors on this site it really should be taken down.

First major mistake is to say you are no longer afraid of the sea.

One that truly gets up my nose is the term ‘fully’ rigged ship. It’s a FULL rigged ship!! Your mast names are the wrong way round and just because there may be 3 it doesn’t automatically mean the one in the middle is the main.

I could go on and totally destroy your over inflated but fragile ego but I won’t. All I will say is go learn a lot more before posting.

Shawn Buckles

Thanks for your feedback. If you like to point out anything more specific, please let me know and I will update the articles. I’ve changed fully-rigged to full-rigged ship - which is a typo on my part. I try to be as concise as I can, but, obviously, we all make mistakes every now and then. The great thing about the internet is that we can learn from each other and update our knowledge together.

If you want to write yourself and share your knowledge, please consider applying as a writer for my blog by clicking on the top banner.

Thanks, Shawn

Well, I feel that I’ve learned a bit from this. The information is clear and well laid out. Is it accurate? I can’t see anything at odds with the little I knew before, except that I understood a xebec has a square rigged centre mainmast, such as the Pelican ( https://www.adventureundersail.com/ )

Hi, Shawn, You forgot (failed) to mention another type of rig? The oldest type of rig known and still functions today JUNK RIG!

Why are so many of the comments here negative. I think it is wonderful to share knowledge and learn together. I knew a little about the subject (I’m an Aubrey-Maturin fan!) but still found this clarified some things for me. I can’t comment therefore on the accuracy of the article, but it seems clear to me that the spirit of the author is positive. We owe you some more bonhomme I suggest Shawn.

As they say in the Navy: “BZ” - for a good article.

Been reading S.M. Stirling and wanted to understand the ship types he references. Thank you, very helpful.

This site is an awesome starting point for anyone who would like to get an overview of the subject. I am gratefull to Shawn for sharing - Thanks & Kudos to you! If the negative reviewers want to get a deeper technical knowledge that is accurate to the n-th then go study the appropriate material. Contribute rather than destroy another’s good work. Well done Shawn. Great job!

Good stuff Shawn - very helpful. As a novice, it’s too confusing to figure out in bits and pieces. Thanks for laying it out.

First of all I have to say that Rick ‘the rigger’ is obviously the one with the “over inflated but fragile ego” and I laughed when you suggested he share his knowledge on your blog, well played!

As for the content it’s great, hope to read more soon!

Alec Lowenthal

Shawn, I have a painting of a Spanish vessel, two masted, with. Lateen sails on both masts and a jib. The mainsail is ahead of the main mast (fore) and the other is aft of the mizzen mast. Would this be what you call lugger rig? I have not seen a similar picture. Thanks, Alec.

Thank you for your article I found easy to read and understand, and more importantly remember, which emphasises the well written.. Pity about the negative comments, but love your proactive responses!

This vessel, “SEBASTIAN” out of Garrucha, Almería, España, was painted by Gustave Gillman in 1899.

Sorry, picture not accepted!

Thank you for a very informative article. I sail a bit and am always looking for more knowledge. I like the way you put forth your info and I feel if you can’t say anything positive, then that person should have their own blog or keep their opinions to their-self. I will be looking for more from you. I salute your way of dealing with negative comments.

Thank you for a great intro to sailing boats! I searched different sailboats because I use old sails tp make bags and wanted to learn the difference. Way more than I ever expected. Thanks for all the work put in to teach the rest of us.

Your description of a cutter is lacking, and your illustrations of “cutters” are actually cutter-rigged sloops. On a true cutter, the mast is moved further aft (with more than 40% of the ship forward of the mast). A sloop uses tension in the backstay to tension the luff of the foresail. The cutter can’t do this.

Also, a bermuda-rigged ketch will have a line running from the top of the mainmast to the top of the mizzenmast.

wow great guide to rig types! thanks

Interesting guide, however I am confused about the description of the brig. You say the main mast on a brig can have a lateen sail, but in your picture it looks like a gaff sail to me. How is it a lateen sail?

Hi Shawn, thank you for taking the time to share this information. It is clear and very helpful. I am new to sailing and thinking of buying my own blue water yacht. The information you have supplied is very useful. I still am seeking more information on performance and safety. Please keep up the good work. Best Regards

mickey fanelli

I’m starting to repair a model sailboat used in the lake I have three masts that have long been broken off and the sails need replacement. So my question is there a special relationship between the three masts I do have reminents of where the masts should go. they all broke off the boat along with the sails I can figure out where they go because of the old glue marks but it makes no sense. or does it really matter on a model thank you mickey

Cool, total novice here. I have learnt a lot. Thanks for sharing - the diagrams along with the text make it really easy to understand, especially for a beginner who hasn’t even stepped on a sailing boat.

Daryl Beatt

Thank you. Cleared up quite a few things for me. For example, I was familiar with the names “Xebecs” and “Polaccas” from recent reading about the Barbary War. I had gathered that the two Barbary types were better suited to sailing in the Med, but perhaps they were less able to be adaptable to military uses,(but one might assume that would be ok if one plans to board and fight, as opposed to fight a running gun duel). Specifically, the strangely one sided August 1, 1801 battle between the USS Enterprise under Lt. John Sterett and the Polacca cruiser Tripoli under Admiral Rais Mahomet Rous. On paper both ships seemed nearly equal in size, guns and crew, but pictures of the battle are confusing. While the Enterprise is usually rendered as the familiar schooner, the polacca Tripoli has been pictured in radically different ways. Thus the Wikipedia picture by Hoff in 1878 used to illustrate the Battle shows a Brig design for Tripoli, indicating 77 years later, polaccas were no longer common.

Lee Christiansen

I am curious as to what you would call a modern race boat with a fractional jib,not equipped for full masthead hoist? Thanks Lee

Thanks Guy: The information and pictures really eliminate a lot of the mystery of the terminology and the meanings. Also appreciate the insight of the handling idiosyncrasies “hand” (staff) requirements to manage a vessel for one that has not been on the water much. I long to spend significant time afloat, but have concern about the ability to handle a vessel due to advancing age. The Significant Other prefers to sit (in AC comfort)and be entertained by parties of cruise line employees. Thanks again for the information.

Gordon Smith

Your discussion made no mention of the galleon, a vessel with either square-rigged Fore and Main masts and a shorter lateen-rigged Mizzen, or, on larger galleons, square-rigged Fore and Main masts, with a lateen-rigged Mizzen and a lateen-rigged Bonaventure mast, both shorter than either the Fore or Main masts. Also, it was not uncommon for a galleon to hoist a square-rigged bowsprit topsail in addition to the usual square-rigged spritsail.

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“hold on the peak, up on the throat” let’s explore the gaff rig..

When you think of a ‘traditional’ sailing ship, many people will picture something from a Pirates of the Caribbean film. A big, old galleon with several billowing square-shaped sails flying one on top another. You may have noticed however that most of our Classic Sailing fleet (at the moment!) don’t quite fit that image. The majority of our ships are Gaff rigged. Gaff rigged sailing vessels, with their distinctive ‘4-cornered-but-triangular-shaped’ sails and rich history, have been an integral part of maritime culture for centuries. This style of rigging has evolved from older sail designs, each adaptation refining its performance and versatility. The gaff rig stands as a testament to the ingenuity of seafarers, and its impact on sailing is undeniable. In this article, we’ll take a peek at the fascinating world of gaff rigged vessels, exploring their evolution, unique features, and notable examples.

Of course we can’t write about gaffer’s without pointing you towards Tom Cunliffe’s brilliant book, ‘Hand, Reef and Steer’ and also the Association for Gaff Rig Sailing (OGA) for further reading and resources.

Evolution from Older Rigs

The gaff rig’s origins can be traced back through the centuries, emerging as a refinement of the older square rig and spritsail designs. It introduced the ‘gaff’, a wooden spar at the top of the sail extending diagonally from the mast, allowing for a larger sail area and improved control. This innovation enabled sailors to harness the wind more efficiently, enhancing manoeuvrability and overall performance.

Differences from Square Rigged Ships

One key distinction between gaff rigged vessels and their square rigged counterparts is the positioning of the sails. Square rigs feature square-shaped sails that are attached perpendicular to the mast. Gaff rigged vessels utilise triangular sails suspended from the gaff. This configuration offers greater control over sail shape and allows for efficient tacking into the wind.

Advantages and Impact

The gaff rig’s ability to sail closer to the wind than square sailed ships was a revolutionary advancement in sail technology. This capability not only expedited voyages but also impacted global trade, exploration, and naval warfare. Gaff rigged vessels became favoured choices for coastal and short-haul journeys, as they could navigate shallow waters and challenging coastlines with agility.

Anatomy of a Gaff Sail

A typical gaff sail comprises several components, including the mast, gaff, boom, and various lines and ropes. The mast serves as the vertical support, while the gaff is the diagonal spar that supports the head of the sail. The boom, a horizontal spar attached to the foot of the sail, helps control the position and shape of the sail and manage its angle to the wind.

Multiple Halyards and Line Control

Gaff rigged vessels commonly employ two halyards instead of one. The throat halyard raises the forward end of the gaff, while the peak halyard raises the aft end. This dual halyard system offers greater control over the sail’s shape and tension. The gaff can be raised or lowered as needed, enabling adjustments for various wind conditions. There is a knack to raising a gaff sail. You may hear the mate or skipper asking for one of the halyards to hauled and the other held as you and your fellow sailiors are ‘sweating’ up the sail!

Gaffer’s in the Classic Sailing Fleet

Linden Pilgrim Provident Santa Maria Manuela Tallulah Tecla In conclusion, gaff rigged sailing vessels have a storied past that stretches back centuries. Evolving from older rig designs, gaff rigs introduced innovations that improved sailing performance and revolutionized maritime exploration and trade. As you explore the maritime world, keep an eye out for these majestic vessels and marvel at the legacy they carry.

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Learn How To Rig a Gaff Rig Sailboat – A Step-by-Step Guide

Alex Morgan

Rigging a gaff rig sailboat is essential for anyone who wants to embark on a sailing adventure with this unique type of sailboat. Gaff rig sailboats are known for their traditional design and distinctive triangular shape that sets them apart from other sailboats.

To properly rig a gaff rig sailboat, it is crucial to understand the different components involved, such as the gaff spar , boom , sails , and rigging . In this comprehensive guide, we will walk through the step-by-step process of rigging a gaff rig sailboat, including preparing the spar and sails, hoisting the mainsail, attaching the boom and headsail, and setting the rigging. we will provide valuable tips for rigging and sailing a gaff rig sailboat, including maintaining proper tension, adjusting the gaff spar and boom, and understanding sail trim. By following this guide, you will be able to rig your gaff rig sailboat effectively and set sail with confidence.

Key takeaway:

• Introduction to Gaff Rig Sailboats: Gaff rig sailboats are a type of sailboat that utilize a gaff spar, boom, sails, and rigging to operate.
• Components of a Gaff Rig Sailboat: The gaff spar, boom, sails, and rigging are all vital components that make up a gaff rig sailboat.
• Step-by-Step Guide: How to Rig a Gaff Rig Sailboat: Rigging a gaff rig sailboat involves preparing the spar and sails, hoisting the mainsail, attaching the boom and headsail, and setting the rigging.

Components of a Gaff Rig Sailboat

Get to know the key components that make up a gaff rig sailboat . From the sturdy gaff spar to the versatile boom , the beautifully crafted sails to the intricate rigging , each sub-section of this section unravels the essence of a gaff rig sailboat. Explore the intricate details and learn about the important role these components play in the smooth sailing of this classic rigging system.

The Gaff Spar is a vital component of a Gaff Rig Sailboat , providing support to the sail. It is a pole attached to the mast and extends horizontally towards the stern of the boat. The Gaff Spar has a significant role in controlling the shape and position of the sail, impacting the boat’s performance.

The Gaff Spar consists of several parts that contribute to its functionality. These include the jaws , which secure it to the mast, and the peak halyard , used to raise and lower the gaff. The throat halyard controls the position of the gaff on the mast.

When rigging a Gaff Spar, proper tension and alignment are necessary. The jaws should be securely attached to the mast, and the halyards should be adjusted to achieve the desired sail shape. Maintaining the correct tension throughout the sail is crucial for optimal performance.

Fun fact: The Gaff Spar is a distinctive feature of Gaff Rig Sailboats and allows for a larger sail area, making them powerful and efficient vessels.

The boom is a vital part of a gaff rig sailboat. It is a horizontal pole that extends from the mast and supports the lower edge of the mainsail. Here are some important facts about the boom:

Function: The boom controls the shape and angle of the mainsail, maintains tension in the sail, and allows for effective maneuvering of the boat.

Construction: Booms are made of aluminum or wood, depending on the sailboat type. They are designed to be sturdy yet lightweight to withstand wind forces.

Attachment: The boom is attached to one end of the mast and can pivot freely. The other end connects to the mainsail, allowing it to move as the sail is raised, lowered, or adjusted.

Manipulation: Sailors adjust the boom position using the boom vang, a device that controls tension and height. Adjusting the boom optimizes sail shape and trim, enhancing the boat’s performance.

Safety: Caution is necessary when near the boom to avoid collisions. Sailors should be mindful of their position and the boom’s movement during tacking or gybing.

Fact: The boom in a gaff rig sailboat aids in optimizing sail shape and trim, improving performance and maneuverability on the water.

The sails are essential components of a gaff rig sailboat. There are two main types of sails used in this rig: the mainsail and the headsail .

The mainsail is the largest sail and is attached to the gaff spar. It captures the wind and propels the boat forward. The mainsail can be adjusted to control the sail’s angle and shape , optimizing performance.

The headsail , also known as the foresail , is located forward of the mast. It complements the mainsail by providing additional power and stability. The headsail can be adjusted to control the wind captured, allowing sailors to adapt to different conditions.

Both sails are crucial for maneuvering and controlling the gaff rig sailboat. They are designed and crafted for efficiency and performance on the water. Sail trim , adjusting the position and tension of the sails, is vital for speed and handling.

Regularly inspect and maintain the sails to ensure a successful sailing experience. Check for wear or damage and make necessary repairs or replacements. Proper care and attention will enhance the sails’ longevity and the overall sailing experience.

Rigging a gaff rig sailboat involves several steps to ensure the sails and rigging are properly set up for smooth sailing. Here is a step-by-step guide:

1. Check the spar and sails for damage or wear. Attach the gaff spar securely to the mast.

2. Hoist the mainsail by attaching the halyard to the head of the sail and raising it up the mast. Secure the halyard.

3. Connect the boom to the mast and secure it using the boom vang.

4. Attach the headsail by connecting the halyard to the head of the sail and hoisting it up the forestay.

5. Adjust the shrouds and stays to set the rigging. Check for proper tension for stability and support.

6. Attach the halyards and sheets to the sail and boom, respectively. Ensure they are properly tensioned for sail control.

Maintaining proper tension in the rigging is crucial for stability and performance. Regularly check and adjust the tension as needed. Correctly adjusting the gaff spar and boom is important for sail control and achieving the desired sail shape and performance. Understanding sail trim is essential for optimizing the performance of a gaff rig sailboat. Experiment with different sail positions to find the most efficient settings for various wind conditions.

Step-by-Step Guide: How to Rig a Gaff Rig Sailboat

Get ready to set sail with this step-by-step guide on rigging a gaff rig sailboat. From preparing the spar and sails to hoisting the mainsail, attaching the boom and headsail, and setting the rigging – we’ll walk you through each crucial step. Whether you’re a seasoned sailor or a curious novice, these tips will help you navigate the process smoothly and get you out on the water in no time. So grab your gear and let’s rig that sailboat!

Preparing the Spar and Sails

Preparing the Spar and Sails for rigging a gaff rig sailboat involves several crucial steps. It is essential to carefully inspect the spar for any signs of damage or wear, such as cracks , splits , or loose fittings. This thorough inspection ensures the safety and functionality of the sailboat.

Next, it is important to prepare the sails by laying them out on a clean surface and checking for any tears or holes . This step guarantees that the sails are in optimal condition for rigging.

To hoist the sails up the mast, it is necessary to attach the halyards securely. It is crucial to ensure that they are properly attached and free from any knots that could hinder the smooth hoisting process.

Controlling the angle and tension of the sails can be achieved by attaching the sheets . These sheets must be securely fastened and properly adjusted to maintain the desired sail position.

Another important attachment is the downhaul , which allows for controlling the shape of the sail. It is of utmost importance to securely attach and properly adjust the downhaul to ensure an optimal sailing experience.

Carefully check the rigging , including the shrouds and stays , for any signs of damage or wear. It is crucial to properly tension and securely fasten all rigging components to guarantee the sailboat’s stability.

Inspecting the sail track and slides on the mast for cleanliness and obstructions is another essential step. This inspection ensures that the sails can smoothly and efficiently slide along the mast during rigging.

Once these steps have been completed, you will be fully prepared to continue rigging your gaff rig sailboat. Always remember to follow the manufacturer’s instructions and utilize proper sailing techniques for a safe and enjoyable experience on the water.

Hoisting the Mainsail

To hoist the mainsail on a gaff rig sailboat, follow these steps:

• Attach the halyard to the head of the mainsail .
• Begin hoisting the mainsail by pulling on the halyard.
• Keep an eye on the luff to ensure proper alignment.
• Continue hoisting the mainsail to the desired height.
• Secure the halyard once the mainsail is fully hoisted.

Suggestions for hoisting the mainsail :

• Take your time and be careful.
• Communicate with your crew members.
• Practice in calm weather conditions first.
• Regularly inspect rigging components for good condition and maintenance.

Remember, hoisting the mainsail is important for preparing the sailboat. Follow the steps carefully and stay safe on the water.

Attaching the Boom and Headsail

To attach the boom and headsail on a gaff rig sailboat, follow these steps:

1. Position the boom: Place the boom on the mast and slide it toward the aft end until it aligns with the jaws of the gaff spar.

2. Secure the boom: Attach the boom to the jaws of the gaff spar using a stainless-steel pin or bolt. Ensure it is tightly secured to prevent movement during sailing.

3. Attach the headsail: Take the headsail and attach it to the forestay connected to the masthead. Use hanks or clips on the headsail to fasten it securely to the forestay. Ensure all attachments are secure.

4. Adjust the tension: Check the tension of the headsail by gently pulling on the sheets. The headsail should be taut but not overly tight. Make necessary adjustments for the desired tension.

5. Inspect connections: Double-check all connections and fastenings to ensure they are secure. Confirm that the boom is properly attached to the gaff spar and the headsail is securely fastened to the forestay.

By following these steps, you can successfully attach the boom and headsail on a gaff rig sailboat, giving you a smooth and efficient sailing experience.

Setting the Rigging

To properly set the rigging on a gaff rig sailboat, follow these steps:

1. Adjust the shrouds and stays: Ensure that these lines are properly tensioned and secure. They support the mast and maintain its position.

2. Rig the halyards and sheets: Attach the halyards to the sails and run them through the appropriate blocks or pulleys. The halyards hoist and control the sails. The sheets control the angle and tension of the sails.

Setting the rigging is critical for rigging a gaff rig sailboat. The proper tension and alignment of the shrouds and stays ensure mast stability and performance. Rigging the halyards and sheets correctly is essential for controlling the sails and maneuvering the boat effectively. By following these steps, you can ensure that your gaff rig sailboat is properly rigged and ready for a successful sailing experience.

Gaff rig sailboats have a rich history dating back to the 17th century. They were commonly used on working sailboats and fishing vessels due to their versatility and efficiency. The design features a large, fore-and-aft mainsail supported by a gaff spar. This rigging allowed sailors to navigate different wind conditions and made these boats well-suited for hauling cargo and coastal trading. Although modern sailboat designs have evolved, gaff rig sailboats are still admired for their aesthetic appeal and nostalgic charm. Many sailing enthusiasts still enjoy the unique experience of setting the rigging and sailing a gaff rig sailboat, connecting with a bygone era of maritime history.

Tips for Rigging and Sailing a Gaff Rig Sailboat

Get ready to set sail with these expert tips for rigging and sailing a gaff rig sailboat . We’ll dive into the secrets of maintaining proper tension, adjusting the gaff spar and boom , and understanding sail trim . Discover the key elements to make your gaff rig sailboat glide effortlessly through the water and experience the thrill of harnessing the wind’s power. So, grab your ropes and let’s embark on an exciting journey into the world of gaff rig sailing !

Maintaining Proper Tension

Maintaining proper tension is crucial for the performance and safety of a gaff rig sailboat. To achieve this, follow these steps:

1. Regularly inspect the rigging for any signs of wear or damage, including the shrouds, stays, halyards, and sheets.

2. Adjust the rigging tension as needed to ensure the integrity of the rig and prevent excessive movement.

3. To check the tension of the shrouds and stays, gently apply pressure to the mast and observe the deflection. The mast should have a slight bend .

4. If the tension is too loose , tighten the shrouds and stays gradually using an appropriate tensioning device. Remember to distribute equal tension on both sides.

5. On the other hand, if the tension is too tight , release some tension by turning the tensioning device counterclockwise.

6. Pay close attention to the tension of the halyards and sheets. They should support the sails without hindering their movement.

7. Regularly inspect the tension of the gaff spar and boom, ensuring they are both secure and properly tensioned to control the shape of the sail.

8. Adjust the tension of the gaff spar and boom as necessary to achieve optimal sail trim and performance .

9. Maintain proper tension throughout your sailing trip and make adjustments as the conditions change.

By following these steps, you can ensure that your gaff rig sailboat maintains the proper tension for a safe and enjoyable sailing experience.

Adjusting the Gaff Spar and Boom

Adjusting the gaff spar and boom is imperative when rigging a gaff rig sailboat . It is crucial for ensuring the proper sail shape, stability, and control while sailing.

To begin, check the alignment by making sure the gaff spar is parallel and centered with the mast.

Next, tighten the gaff jaws by securely fastening them around the mast. This will prevent any movement during sailing.

Then, attach the throat halyard to the throat of the gaff spar . This will allow you to control the height and angle of the mainsail.

Fine-tune the tension of the throat halyard to achieve the desired sail shape. More tension will raise the gaff spar , while less tension will lower it.

Securely attach the peak halyard to the peak of the gaff spar . This will give you control over the leech tension and the overall shape of the mainsail.

Adjust the tension of the peak halyard to achieve optimal sail shape. Increasing the tension will increase leech tension and flatten the sail, while decreasing the tension will allow the sail to fill out more.

Always check the boom position to ensure it is properly attached to the mast and gaff spar . It should be parallel to the deck and positioned at the desired height.

To control the twist in the mainsail, modify the boom angle. Higher boom angles will increase twist, while lower angles will decrease it.

Increase the tension in the boom vang to control the downward force on the boom. This will stabilize the mainsail and prevent excessive leech flutter.

By following these steps and making necessary adjustments to the gaff spar and boom , you can optimize the performance and maneuverability of your gaff rig sailboat.

Understanding Sail Trim

Understanding sail trim is crucial for sailing a gaff rig sailboat effectively. Sail trim optimizes sail performance and maximizes speed and efficiency. Consider the following aspects of sail trim:

1. Adjusting the sails: Properly understand sail trim and set the sails for efficient propulsion. Keep the sails trimmed according to wind direction and strength. Well-trimmed mainsail and headsail provide optimal power and balance.

2. Controlling twist: Understanding sail trim helps maintain the desired amount of twist based on wind conditions. Too much twist reduces efficiency, while too little twist causes excessive heeling. Adjust sheets and halyards to control twist effectively.

3. Balancing the boat: Proficient sail trim helps maintain balance and stability while sailing. Understand how to adjust the sails to evenly distribute forces, minimizing weather helm or lee helm. Balanced boats sail more efficiently and are easier to control.

4. Monitoring sail shape: Pay attention to sail shape and understand how sail trim affects it. The sails should have a smooth, aerodynamic shape without excessive wrinkles or flapping. Adjust tension on halyards, sheets, and outhaul to achieve the desired sail shape.

5. Reacting to changing conditions: Understanding sail trim means being attentive to shifts in wind direction and strength. Make necessary adjustments promptly to optimize performance.

Understanding sail trim comes with experience. Regular practice and observation of how adjustments affect boat performance enhance sail trim proficiency. By cultivating this understanding, you can improve efficiency and enjoyment of sailing a gaff rig sailboat .

Facts about How To Rig A Gaff Rig Sailboat:

Some Facts About How To Rig A Gaff Rig Sailboat:

• ✅ Modern gaff rig sailboats offer practicality and simplicity, with easier trailing and rigging compared to Bermudan rigs. (Source: Classic Boat)
• ✅ The lower center of effort of gaff rigs allows for lighter lifting keels and easier downwind performance. (Source: Classic Boat)
• ✅ Trimming a gaffer can be challenging and rewarding, with boom angle and jib tension being important factors in optimizing performance. (Source: PBO)
• ✅ Gaff rig owners often prefer cream or white sails for better visibility and a classic appearance. (Source: PBO)
• ✅ Sewing the ends of two ropes together using sailmaker’s twine allows for easy replacement of worn or damaged halyards on gaff-rigged sailboats. (Source: PBO)

Frequently Asked Questions

1. how do i rig a gaff rigged sailboat with multiple blocks.

Rigging a gaff rigged sailboat with multiple blocks can seem daunting at first, but the process is actually simple if both ends of the halyards are accessible from the deck. By sewing the ends of the two ropes together using sailmaker’s twine, you can create a smooth joint that can be easily pulled through the blocks. Simply pull on the free end of the old halyard, and the new one will automatically reeve.

2. What are the advantages of using lightweight synthetics in gaff rigging?

Using lightweight synthetics in gaff rigging offers several advantages. These materials are not only lighter in weight, but they also have increased strength and durability. They are less prone to stretching and UV degradation, providing a longer lifespan for your rigging. Lightweight synthetics can improve upwind efficiency and downwind performance, resulting in a smoother sailing experience.

3. Why are gaff rigs preferred in heavier winds?

Gaff rigs are often preferred in heavier winds due to their lower rig tension and the use of high peak gaffs. The lower center of effort and shorter spars of gaff rigs allow for better balance and easier management of sail area in strong winds. This results in less heel and a more comfortable sail, allowing sailors to maintain control and stability even in challenging conditions.

4. How are gaff rigs different from bermuda rigs?

Gaff rigs and bermuda rigs differ in their sail configurations and rigging. Gaff rigs use a spar, or strong pole, on top of the sail, while bermuda rigs have a triangular mainsail. Gaff rigs were commonly used in the past and offer a classic appearance, while bermuda rigs are more modern and efficient. Bermuda rigs have become dominant in the sailing scene, but gaff rigs are still appreciated by enthusiasts for their unique sailing capabilities and timeless charm.

5. What are some modern conveniences in gaff-rigged sailboats?

Modern gaff-rigged sailboats, also known as gaffers, offer a blend of classic style designs and modern conveniences. These boats are designed for practicality and simplicity, providing easier trailing and rigging compared to bermudan rigs. They often feature improved performance, with upgrades such as carbon spars and modern hardware. Gaffers also have lighter lifting keels and better downwind performance thanks to their lower center of effort, making them suitable for a variety of sailing conditions.

6. How do I replace an old wick in a paraffin lamp on a gaff-rigged vessel?

Replacing an old wick in a paraffin lamp on a gaff-rigged vessel is a simple process. Just like replacing a worn or damaged halyard, you can use a technique called sewing. Stitch the ends of the new wick together using light sailmakers twine, creating a smooth joint. Then, pull out the old wick by pulling on the free end, and the new one will automatically be pulled through. This technique can be used both on a gaff-rigged vessel and for other purposes, such as replacing a halyard.

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What’s in a Rig? The Gaff Rig

By: Pat Reynolds Sailboat Rigs , Sailboats

What’s in a Rig Series #6 – Gaff Rig

What’s a gaff rig? Well, first… what’s a gaff? A gaff is a spar, or a strong pole. A gaff rig employs a spar on the top of the sail and typically other sails can be set in conjunction with that mainsail with the gaff. Often, on the smaller, non tall ship, gaff rigs, there will be a small triangular sail that fits between the main and the mast like a puzzle piece – this is the topsail.

The gaff rig was the standard manner of rigging a sailboat a century ago and before. The thinking at that time had to do primarily with the ability to manage sail area. The sails weren’t made of the lightweight synthetics of today and there was solid logic involved in dividing the sail plan into pieces for the purposes of balancing and reefing in strong winds. Like today, sailors wanted horsepower via sail area and fractioned rigs allowed skippers to also manage it more easily.

These rigs weren’t so wonderful upwind, so when the bermuda rig was introduced, with their efficiency and simplicity, the gaff rig fell out of favor. Modern sloops dominated the scene and continue to do so, but during the 1960s, folks began to say, “actually gaff rigs are kind of cool,” and there was something of a resurgence based on a love for history and the beauty of the rig.

Today, gaff rigs are still around, sailed by sailors who love what they represent and some that swear by their sailing capabilities. Like the ketch rig, gaff rig lovers will say that the configuration produces less heel, a more comfortable sail, better balance and more choices for reefing in heavier winds. They might also speak of the practicality of being out at sea and having the ability to make repairs to a a part of the rig with plenty of rig still intact and operational.

However, the gaff rig’s greatest pull is probably its classic appearance. There is something so undeniably dignified and stalwart about a fully rigged, gaff-rigged sailboat making its way. They are living reminders of where technology was and the importance of solid craftsmanship that existed at that time. They exude beauty and carry with them a spirit that is unique and distinct.

What's in a Rig Series:

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Gaff rig: past, present and future

In this article, first published in Water Craft Magazine, November/December 2015, designer Andrew Wolstenholme suggests there's more to modern gaffers than 'nostalgia-lite'.

The gaff rig is viewed by most modern sailors as a throwback to a bygone era, aesthetically pleasing in a traditional way but less efficient and more complicated than the predominant Bermudan rig.

Whilst there are some grounds for this view, there remains a degree of misunderstanding and gaff has much more to offer today’s sailor than a pretty face.

The evolution of all man-made artefacts is driven by the needs and ingenuity of those around at the time along with the materials and technology available to them. When sail and oar were the only means of propelling boats, development and refinement of the sailing rig was intense, but with limited means of communication, ideas took time to spread. All around the world boatbuilders developed craft and rigs to meet the needs of local fishermen and traders, some of whom may have travelled no more than a few miles up and down the coast in their entire lifetime. Where the ongoing development of today's rigs is driven by sales to the leisure sailor, the early gaff rigs were developed for commercial purposes and had to meet the utilitarian needs of impecunious boatmen.

The predecessor of gaff rig, the square rig, was a crude fabric sail simply hung from a horizontal yard. In the fore-and-aft gaff rig the yard is swung to one side having one end resting against the mast. The sail remains simply supported by the yard, now called the gaff. Masts, usually a simple wooden pole, didn't need to be overlong to support a given amount of sail. The gaff could double up as a derrick for lifting cargo and equipment on or off the boat. In summary, the gaff was simple and robust, practical and seamanlike, and crucially, cost effective.

In contrast the Bermudan rig evolved at the behest of the leisure sailor and was only feasible due to new innovations in material technology, allowing tall lightweight spars, high strength rigging and fittings with improved sailcloths. In this high tech age, gaff still has much to commend it. The Bermudan rig is undeniably more efficient to windward but gaff's reputation for poor windward ability is largely down to the hull on which the rig is set.

A well set up gaff rig on an efficient modern hull will put up a very creditable performance against Bermudan rigged opposition. Downwind, the low aspect ratio gaff main is more efficient than the high aspect ratio Bermudan which has to resort to the use of a spinnaker. ‘Alice III' is a case in point with her Simon Rogers' designed race bred hull topped by a powerful carbon sparred gaff topsail rig, a veritable wolf in sheep's clothing! Nigel Irens' gaff schooner ‘Maggie B' raised the bar with her clean hull and weight-saving carbon rig, resulting in a step change in performance.

" A gaffer will outsail some Bermudan boats "

The old working boats had heavy, solid timber spars and chunky fittings. They had no alternative. Today there is no need to carry so much weight aloft. Weight high up must be counterbalanced by even more weight on the bottom of the boat if she is to be powerful enough to carry sufficient sail. Reduce the top weight and the all up weight of the boat can be cut down to give improved performance or the ability to carry yet more sail.

For those who need to fold their mast down easily like th Broads yachts, Dutch boats and trailer sailers, then the lighter and shorter the rig can be made the easier life will be. Hollow timber spars are lighter than solid ones, and extruded aluminium ones are generally lighter again, but the greatest advances are to be made by using carbon fibre. Bermudan spars are elliptical in cross section as they need greater stiffness fore and aft than they do athwartships, because of the way that they are stayed. This makes for an expensive carbon spar. Gaff spars on the other hand are generally round, ideally suited to cost effective cylindrical carbon tubes making them a viable proposition. In addition to this the tall Bermudan mast requires complex staying and the narrow shroud base relative to the height of the mast plus the need for good headsail luff tension leads to high rigging loads. Conversely the shorter gaff mast is simpler to support and less highly loaded.

By using carbon spars on my own little trailer sailer ‘Kite' I was able to keep the weight of the rig down which in turn meant that I could minimise the weight of the ballast, keeping her all up weight to just 3/4ton/750kgs, making her easily trailed behind a 2litre car. Her short tabernacle stepped mast is only 17ft long and weighs just 15lbs so raising and lowering it is simplicity itself and once down it fits within the length of the boat.

Her light hull powered by a fine set of McNamara sails, results in a boat which is fast on all points of sail. When I started sketching out ideas for ‘Kite’ I had an open mind on the rig, and it was not my intention to go for gaff, but as my ideas evolved it became clear that gaff was the simplest and most practical rig for the boat. 

Probably the first boat with carbon spars and a traditional-looking rig was Nigel Irens’ modern take on the Shetland lugger, ‘Roxanne’. Nigel adapted the technology familiar to him, working as a leading multihull designer, to create this innovative and elegant, 'spirit of tradition' design.

I think it no coincidence that the French are probably the most forward thinking in their development of gaff rig with a cross fertilisation of ideas from the multihull builders and designers of northwest France into the local monohull daysailers. The Dutch too have moved gaff forward with numerous one design half-deckers sporting hollow timber spars with bolt rope tracks and carefully designed lightweight fittings, and others with simple aluminium sparred and carbon fibre rigs.

" In the UK we have tended to take a more traditionalist approach to gaff "

In the UK we have tended to take a more traditionalist approach to gaff, favouring the preservation of the old boats with their rigs and methods, although we have seen more open-minded development in recent years. The new plastic gaffers which appeared in the late 1970s and early 1980s targeted the nostalgia market. They largely stayed with very traditional rigs and hull forms.

The Dutch have long favoured curved gaffs on their traditional rigs but in a recent interesting development, the late Ted Spears of North Quay Marine took this a step further with the rig on his Spitfire 19. Here he used a longer curved gaff, combined with a full roach to mimic the efficient elliptical WW2 Spitfire fighter’s wing shape for the main, to maximize both upwind and downwind efficiency.

Roger Dongray’s Cornish Shrimper has probably been the most commercially successful of the genre and with good reason. Her builders, Cornish Crabbers  were originally the racing dinghy specialists, Westerly Boats. The Shrimper incorporated modern fittings for efficient sail handling, a square section timber bowsprit, boom, and gaff to keep build costs down.

She retained the appeal of timber spars whilst setting an efficient high aspect ratio gaff rig. This proved to be a winning combination of the old and the new. The new Shrimper 21 sticks pretty much to the same formula but with a little more space and minor but important refinements.

A gaff mainsail can be simply depowered by scandalising the main (dropping the peak), and when reefed it doesn't have lots of now redundant mast left high above the deck as is the case with Bermudan. A Bermudan mainsail with a modern jiffy reefing system is likely to be viewed as easier to reef than a traditional long footed gaff mainsail but a modern gaff main with a shorter foot and a carefully thought out reefing system will be similarly easy to reef. Windage of the mast and rigging is an important issue for performance, and the Bermudan rig has an advantage here, so every effort must be taken when designing a gaff rig to minimize clutter and keep it as simple and clean as possible.

Over the last few years we have seen the emergence of the ‘fathead’ main on Bermudan rigs. The narrow triangular head of a conventional Bermudan mainsail works inefficiently due to the disturbed airflow aft of the mast, but new developments in sailcloth technology have made it possible to clip off the top of the mast and sail and create a wide mainsail head which is not dissimilar to a very high aspect ratio gaff main and topsail. Weight is saved high above the deck by reducing the mast length, windage reduced and mainsail efficiency is improved. This innovation narrows the gap between gaff and Bermudan and it will be interesting to see how it continues to evolve.

Our fondness for gaff rig was born through the old working boats, and long may they continue to be loved and sailed, but maybe the time is right for a true re-birth of gaff. The first steps in this latest stage of the rig's evolution have been taken and I believe that the future for gaff is bright, but it is up to designers, builders and most importantly the customers, to encourage its continued development.

Browse the OGA gallery of some modern gaffers.

© Andrew Wolstenholme first published in Water Craft Magazine, November/December 2015

Water Craft Magazine

"One detail which may be of interest to you and your readers is that many of the gaff rigs that I've specified make use of a single halyard for the gaff.  It is made possible by the relatively short gaffs that I prefer, arranged much like the gaff rigs on the Baltimore Pilot Vessels of the last century."

"As I have discovered on my own 34 foot gaff schooner EMERALD, with short gaffs there is no need for a peak halyard.  Luff tension is adjusted at the gooseneck.  The benefit is to simplify the rig, to always keep the gaff in the same attitude while raising and lowering, to increase luff length for better windward sailing, to reduce weight aloft, and to eliminate those pesky tops'ls." "On a schooner I do like to use a fisherman tops'l, as it provides enough area to be of excellent use.  The gaff tops'ls however are more trouble than they are worth (IMHO)." Michael Kasten , November 20, 2000

Practical Boat Owner

• Digital edition

Sail boat rigs: the pros and cons of each popular design

• Peter Poland
• July 24, 2023

Peter Poland looks at the history of popular rig designs and how the different types affect boat performance

Annie Hill’s FanShi can be easily reefed, a real benefit of the junk rig when sailing solo. Credit: Annie Hill Credit: Annie Hill

Having once asked yacht designer Andrew Wolstenholme if we could meet to discuss the evolution of modern sail boat rigs – and the continuing popularity of some older designs – we talked about boats in general and gaff rigs in particular, many of which he designs.

“The gaff still has much to recommend it. With stiffer, yet lighter carbon fibre spars , it can offer bigger benefits than it ever did in the past,” said Andrew.

His recent gaff-rigged designs like the new Cornish Crabber 24 MkV and smaller Kite 21 prove this point.

The 45ft barge yacht  Juno  was designed by Andrew Wolstenholme, built by Charlie Ward and launched in 2000. If you fancy a taste of history she can be chartered through  www.sailingbargejuno.com . Credit: Neil Foster

It’s generally accepted that the gaff evolved from the spritsail rig , which in turn evolved from earlier lugsail and – before then – square sail rigs .

The lugsail attaches to a spar that is hoisted at an angle. So part of the spar and sail protrude ahead of the mast, and this leading edge enables a boat to sail upwind.

The evolution of the lugsail started when someone discovered that by setting a square sail at an angle – with one end of the yard pointing down towards the deck – the sail could set closer to the wind.

Upwind advantage

Some say the Chinese junk rig is also descended from square sails as used on Chinese ships before the 12th century.

The junk rig , also known as the Chinese lugsail or sampan rig, evolved with full length battens extending the sail forward of the mast, providing a leading edge to help sail upwind.

The ever-inventive Blondie Hasler designed and built a modern version of the junk rig for his modified Nordic Folkboat, Jester .

He then entered the first single-handed transatlantic race in 1960, helping to initiate the OSTAR and boosting the appeal of long-distance solo sailing in general, and the junk rig in particular.

Blondie Hasler’s Jester helped cement the appeal of the modern junk rig. Credit: Ewen Southby-Tailyour

David Tyler, Annie Hill and Roger Taylor are three leading lights of the Hasler-inspired move to modern junk rigs, and have sailed many thousands of miles between them.

A Sadler 25 was the first of five junk rig boats that David Tyler owned. He and Annie Hill were also founder members of the ever-informative Junk Rig Association .

David told me he “could not contemplate sailing under anything else than a junk rig”, and has a long history of experimenting with and making variations of the junk rig.

David Thomas designed a ply/epoxy 35ft shoal draught junk rig ocean cruiser for David Tyler.

Tystie  with an earlier single mast sail plan. She later converted to a ketch  rig . Credit: Darren Bos

Hedley Bewes built Tystie beside the Hamble to a completed and painted woodwork stage; then Tyler fitted her out with junk rig, engine , electrics , and deck hardware in just three months.

She was launched in August 2000 and ended up in New Zealand, where she was sold – 16 years later – having sailed 85,000 miles.

“I could not possibly have done this under any other rig,” said David.

He then designed a modern cambered junk rig for his Hunter Duette 23, admitting that this “still does not compete with a big genoa to windward but is superior in all other ways – especially if you define efficiency as ‘miles sailed per unit of input of crew effort’. She had a junk rig of my own design first, then a junk rig-based wingsail.”

David concluded that a modern cambered junk rig “can encompass many features: including various sailmaking ways of building 3D camber into each panel with straight battens; or a flat sail with hinged battens; or a flat fanned sail with twist (a fiendishly cunning method found in Hong Kong junks). My favourite sail has slightly cambered panels with hinged battens. This is easier to set without diagonal creases than deeply cambered panels; and has a smoother curved foil shape than a flat sail with hinges.”

Sail boat rigs proven offshore

Annie Hill is another junk rig enthusiast who has sailed many thousands of miles and written books about her voyages.

She’s now based in New Zealand, having built the David Tyler-designed FanShi “from scratch with a small amount of amateur assistance from friends.”

“The best aspect of a junk rig for single-handed sailing is the speed and ease with which you can reef ,” explained Annie. “The sail tacks automatically which helps in close quarters sailing, as does having exactly the right amount of sail for the situation. I find another great advantage is that when I’m sailing off the anchor or a mooring , I can raise three or four panels, so the boat doesn’t go charging off as I walk back to the cockpit. I can then raise the rest of the sail while leaving the anchorage. And of course, I only raise just what I need.”

Annie Hill christens her self-built FanShi on launch day in New Zealand. Credit: Annie Hill

Annie Hill mentions several junk rig benefits: “The junk rig is much easier to handle downwind. It’s reluctant to gybe until you are sailing well by the lee. The sail is fully squared out so that it is working efficiently. And it’s easy to change from running to reaching to beating, without having to handle guys, poles or vangs.

“In short, the junk rig is much easier to sail. The junk sail is intrinsically self-tacking, which makes beating to windward, especially in close quarters, infinitely less work. Ease of reefing – and making sail again – also means you always sail under the correct amount of canvas. This makes for faster passages and ensures the boat is properly underway in the aftermath of a gale.”

And the disadvantages? Most agree that the junk rig is less efficient when s ailing to windward in light airs .

Easy handling

Roger Taylor came upon the junk rig when buying his first Mingming ; one of around 25 factory-built junk rig Corribees.

“The conversion work was to make her more suitable for serious offshore work – unsinkable, watertight bulkheads, reduced cockpit, proper watertight hatch and so on. I bought her specifically to sail in the first Jester Challenge , and so nothing was more appropriate than a junk rig! I had, in any case, been fascinated by Jester herself for many decades.”

Mingming II came next – a standard triple keel Achilles 24 – so Roger replaced her Bermuda rig with a new junk rig.

Roger Taylor has covered many solo miles in his modified Achilles 24, Mingming II and says the junk sail is easy to repair at sea. Credit: Bertie Milne

“The main differences to the Hasler sail on Mingming were higher aspect ratio for speed in the light airs you get in the high Arctic latitudes in summer – so seven panels instead of six. And cambered panels instead of flat-cut, for better windward performance.

“The lower four panels were built separately as I didn’t have enough room in my London flat to sew the sail in one piece. It’s attached to the carbon-fibre battens with a hinge system. I named the sail the HHT – Hybrid Hinged Turbo! The unstayed mast was a cut down municipal lamp post, 8in diameter at the base, tapering to about 3in at the masthead; solid as a rock in all weathers.”

Roger added “I can reef instantaneously from the hatch and do all other sail handling from the safety and shelter of the main hatch. So I am never exposed on deck and am therefore warmer, drier, less stressed, and therefore more likely to make better decisions.”

As well as ease of handling, Roger says it is “a wonderfully relaxed and supple rig, with none of the extreme tensions of its Bermuda cousin.”

“The sensation at sea is quite different; you feel more in harmony with the elements, rather than their adversary. Few junk rig sailors I know would ever revert once they have experienced this. The rig is easy to repair at sea. If a sail panel tears you can take it out of service by lashing two battens together. If a batten breaks you can lash it to its neighbour (I did almost a whole voyage to Iceland and back like this, after breaking a batten in a Force 9 off the Dogger Bank) or fix it with a splint. With a fully battened rig, the sail is evenly supported at all points.”

A classic sail boat rig

Moving on to modern luggers , there are some recent interpretations of this classic rig.

British designer Nigel Irens is famous for his multihulls but also has an eye for the unusual, and in 1994 he came up with a couple of beautiful luggers.

His first was the Roxane , a 29ft yawl-rigged lugger loosely inspired by an old Shetland Island fishing boat.

Fitted with a carbon fibre main mast and yard, she has plenty of modern technology on board.

As an active racing class boat that doubles up as a tender and potterer, the 11ft 4in lug sail scow has many fans. Credit: Will Perritt/Alamy

He followed this with the smaller 22ft Romilly , another yawl-rigged lugger for trailer sailing . Both models were later produced by CoCoBe in Holland.

The songwriter and broadcaster Sir Richard Stilgoe was “immediately beguiled” by the Roxane after sailing her in 1995, and has his own called Ruby II .

“The lightness of the carbon spars undoubtedly makes a difference to stability. The rig works and sails really nicely. But I admit that I and another owner are working with Nigel to investigate a conversion to two Bermuda masts – still unstayed – with fathead sails. I don’t expect to go faster, but I do hope to be able to raise and lower the sails more quickly and easily,” said Sir Richard.

If you fancy trying a very small lugsail boat, the famous 11ft 4in scow has much to offer.

It’s widely sailed in the UK and the best-known example is the Lymington Scow. Fleets can be found along the South Coast.

Originally built in clinker, scows are now moulded in GRP.

Rooted in the past

The spritsail is another rig evolution. It appeared on small Greek craft in the Aegean Sea many centuries ago. The Romans followed suit with spritsail-rigged merchant ships.

The rig became increasingly sophisticated until the luff of the sail sat behind the mast, while the sprit went from the base of the mast to the peak of the sail.

The luff became long and straight and the boat could sail closer to the wind, especially with leeboards to reduce sideways drift and a foresail to increase sail area: both said to be Dutch innovations.

The most famous spritsail rigged workhorses were the large, flat-bottomed leeboard Thames barges, which could lower their masts to ‘shoot’ bridges before unloading their cargo.

The Optimist was designed as low cost started boats to children. Credit: Getty

There aren’t many new spritsail-rigged craft around these days, apart from thousands of Optimist dinghies sailed by children as starter-boats.

The Optimist was designed in 1947 by American Clark Mills to offer low-cost sailing for young people.

He drew a simple pram that could be built from three sheets of plywood, then the design was slightly modified and introduced in Europe by Axel Damsgaard.

There are now more than 160,000 Optimists sailed in around 120 countries.

At the 2020 Olympics, at least 75% of medallist skippers were former Optimist champions: the spritsail remains a cornerstone of sailing.

Working boat designs

The gaff rig – extensively used on workboats of all sorts – was a logical progression.

The sprit was replaced by a gaff that slid up the mast so two sides of the mainsail were attached to solid spars.

The later addition of a boom improved performance, but made lowering and raising the rig trickier when shooting bridges.

Some builders solved this problem by attaching the boom gooseneck to the top of a tall tabernacle in which the mast hinged, so the lowered mast, gaff and sail could still stack on top of the boom.

Continues below…

Keel types and how they affect performance

Peter Poland looks at the history of keel design and how the different types affect performance

Boat hull design: how it impacts performance

Peter Poland explains how boat hull design has evolved over the years and how it affects boat handling and accommodation

Rigging setup: Turning round a yacht’s performance

Little old boats can offer enormous fun for your money, but they often require some tweaking in order to be…

Winning ways with a junk rig

David Harding looks at some of the latest developments in junk rig and meets the owners of different types of…

The gaff rig improved the versatility of workboats; the ability to sail to windward diluted sailors’ dread of a lee shore.

The gaff rig held sway on small to medium sized working craft and on growing numbers of leisure yachts until the Bermuda rig arrived.

Originally developed in Bermuda for smaller vessels then adapted to the larger ocean-going Bermuda sloop, this rig features a triangular mainsail hoisted to the top of the mast. Marconi’s invention of wire rigging to hold up tall radio masts soon spread to sailboats.

Performance-oriented designers borrowed Marconi’s idea and hoisted large three-sided mainsails on tall and well-supported masts.

As a result, the mainsail had a long, straight leading edge which optimised windward performance.

Crafted for speed

Predictably, yacht racing encouraged the proliferation of these ‘Marconi’ Bermuda rigs.

Metre boat and ocean racer designers were quick to forsake gaffs and go for large mainsails and smallish headsails set on tall masts.

When the Royal Ocean Racing Club (RORC)’s rules started influencing the post-war racing scene, masthead Bermuda rigs with smaller mainsails and larger overlapping genoas received favourable racing handicaps and therefore became the norm; masthead rigs with 150% overlapping genoas dominated the scene.

Fortuitously, self-tailing winches were invented (1974 patent) and fitted on race boats. And GRP production family cruisers followed suit.

The Westerly Centaur with a masthead rig and overlapping genoa

From top-selling Beneteaus like the First 30 (1977) to cruising twin keelers like the Westerly Centaur (1969), masthead rigs and overlapping genoas became the norm.

At the same time, the shorter mast, smaller main and standard working jib saved the builder money – and a large genoa went onto the ‘extras’ list!

The Hunter 19 was an example of how the RORC rule encouraged small mains and big genoas.

The National Squib keelboat’s identical hull and keel sports a well-balanced fractional rig with a small jib and a big mainsail.

But when the Squib grew a cabin and coachroof to become a handicap race boat, the rig height and mainsail shrunk while the headsail became a 150% genoa.

And early Hunter 19s won handicap races galore.

Meanwhile, classic 1960s and 70s cruiser-racers such as the Nicholson 32 , Contessa 26 and 32, Twister, Stella, Beneteaus and Jeanneaus et al clung to masthead rigs with small mainsails, working jibs and large genoas; the latter still lurking on the extras list.

The same applied to most of the British bilge- and twin-keel family cruisers .

Fractional sail boat rigs

Impressed by David Thomas’s quarter ton design, Quarto , Hunter was one of the first British builders to beat a path back to fractional rigged cruiser-racers .

Unlike most other quarter tonners at that time, Quarto featured a fractional rig.

In 1975, Hunter asked Thomas to design a GRP cruiser-racer with a similar rig. This became the Sonata, and Hunter never again built a masthead-rigged yacht.

At around the same time, the new International Offshore Rule (IOR) handicap rule – followed later by the Channel Handicap System (CHS) and International Rating Certificate (IRC) rules – treated fractional sail boat rigs more fairly.

Hunter twin keelers, like the Hunter Channel 31, have fractional rigs. Photo: Sven Petersen/Hunter Association

Hunter’s twin keel cruisers also had easily handled fractional rigs, later including self-tacking jibs as standard.

As most sailors moved over to Bermuda rigs, working boats such as fishing smacks and pilot cutters stuck to their four-sided mainsails held aloft on gaffs.

As did several leisure yachts. Why? What are the advantages of these ‘four sided’ mainsails?

While gaff-rig aficionados concede that it’s less close-winded than a Bermuda rig, they reckon it scores off the wind.

Although a gaffer’s mast is shorter, ample sail can be set because the gaff puts more area at the top of a mainsail than you get beneath the diminutive headboard on a Bermuda rig mainsail.

On a reach or a run, gaff rigs provide power aplenty.

Design expert CA Marchaj also said a low aspect ratio mainsail is more efficient than a high aspect ratio equivalent when sailing off the wind.; if you want to pile on more horsepower in light airs, the space above the gaff can also be filled with a topsail.

Ideal for novices

In the 21st century, modern gaffers are still popular, and thousands of novices enjoy sailing in a ubiquitous and simple little gaffer: the Mirror dinghy .

The Mirror’s gunter-rigged gaff slides up parallel to its short mast and offers many benefits.

Sail boat rigs: The Mirror Dinghy originally had a gunter-rigged gaff rig; later the Mirror Class introduced a Bermuda rig option. Credit: Getty

The mast and gaff are much shorter than a one-piece Bermuda rig mast, so are easy to handle and transport when the boat is trailed.

Yet windward performance is good, thanks to the straight luff that continues from the tack of the mainsail to its head on the ‘gunter’ gaff.

The Mirror Class later introduced a Bermuda rig option.

Modern gaffers

Designer Andrew Wolstenholme attributes much of the credit for the popularity of the gaff rig in cruising yachts to Cornish Crabbers.

These boats have sold in large numbers since Roger Dongray designed the original Cornish Crabber.

Her smaller sister, the 19ft Cornish Shrimper, sports a nicely balanced gaff rig with a sizable roller genoa tacked to a bowsprit.

Over 1,000 have been sold and she’s still in production. Wolstenholme has recently designed a new Cornish Crabber 24 MkV with a lightweight carbon mast which also simplifies trailer-sailing.

Sail boat rigs: The gaff-rigged Cornish Crabber 24, with a lightweight carbon mast. Credit: David Harding

Wolstenholme’s Kite 21 is another modern gaffer to take advantage of new materials.

“My aim is to keep her light and simple… the sail plan is generous and set on lightweight carbon spars. I want her to sail well in light and moderate winds – not just in a blow. I want to tow her behind a normal 1.8 litre saloon – not some gas guzzling 4×4.”

The Old Gaffers Association aims to encourage interest in the traditional gaff rig, but also welcomes the development of the rig.

One of these exotic ‘new’ gaffers is the Simon Rogers-designed Alice III. Chris Spencer-Chapman, whose company McKillop Classic Sails was involved in the rig and sail plan, says the “combination of the light carbon spars and hydraulic lifting deep fin and bulb keel allows an enormous sail area which would not be possible with a conventional hull and spars. She is exciting in light conditions but the windage can be an issue to windward in heavy conditions. “Off the wind she is always very fast… for easy cruising, the Bermuda rig will win, but there will always be the aficionado who likes the features of traditional rigs. Unless you are a real purist, why not take advantage of modern materials?”

Sail boat rigs: The Kite 21 is a modern gaffer designed to sail well in light and moderate winds. Credit: Peter Chesworth

Stephen Akester, who co-owns Alice III , told me she “is light displacement at 7.5 tonnes. In light airs and no sea she outperforms Bermuda rigs but to windward in a blow she loses out due to windage and not being as close winded. [She has] much less weight aloft and a very different motion to a classic gaff-rigged heavy displacement vessel. We opted for a gaff rig for the fun of it. Further refinements using modern materials mean we can set the rig up for single-handed sailing with headsails and topsail on rollers and boom bags to catch main and mizzen.”

The Nigel Irens-designed 63ft Maggie B was another dramatic ‘modern gaffer’.

Builder Covey Island Boatworks called her a ‘fusion’ yacht because she fused modern materials with traditional ideas.

Her schooner rig featured short, high peaked carbon gaffs on Irens’s slippery and almost plumb stemmed shoal draught hull design.

The carbon spars are held up by Vectran fibre shrouds tensioned by special deadeyes.

Reducing weight

Vectran costs more than wire, but the weight reduction is huge – as is the cost saving on fabrications to attach wires to the mast and on rigging screws to tension them.

The weight saving aloft meant that 600kg worth of ballast was saved down below, improving performance and righting moments.

Maggie B was succeeded by Farfarer – another Irens masterpiece featuring an unstayed rig with ‘fathead’ mainsails, with a stiff top batten doing the job of a mini gaff.

Matt Newlands of Swallow Boats also brought gaffs into the modern age; then went further.

“The gunter rig was what we offered, and still do, to customers who prefer having shorter spars making trailer-sailing easier for two reasons – less length to trail and easier to raise the mast. But in my opinion, it has been made almost obsolete by two developments. One is carbon fibre masts, and the other is fathead mainsails.

The mast on the BayRaider 20 is only 1m longer than the boat; the ‘fathead’ mainsail improves the lift and drag ratio and maintains sail area. Credit: David Harding

“Carbon masts on trailer-sailer sized boats are so light that it’s easy to raise a full-length mast if the base is hinged. The mast length problem is cured by using a ‘fathead’ mainsail, reducing mast length (on our boats by as much as 1m) while maintaining the same sail area and improving lift/drag ratio.

“On our popular BayRaider 20 this results in a mast that is only 1m longer than the boat. This new rig has many advantages over the gunter, chief among them being ease of reefing. I love quirky rigs, but it’s hard to beat the Bermuda mainsail setup especially with a fathead main on a carbon mast.”

All of which brings us to the Bermuda rigs on today’s production cruisers.

Many have moved on from the old RORC-inspired masthead sail plan. I asked rigging expert Nigel Theadon whether he preferred masthead or fractional sail boat rigs.

“Modern swept-back spreaders provide a ‘safer’ rig without the need for babystay or forward lowers to stabilise the mast’s middle sections… forestays are now higher up the mast than in years gone by, so the modern fractional rig is closer to a masthead than it once was,” he says.

“Fractional rigs are more attractive to look at and do not need expensive and powerful backstay adjusters. When buying a new boat, consider what you want from the rig. When buying a used boat, get a rigger to carry out a mast inspection: because hull surveyors rarely look above eye height.”

Whether you opt for a gaff- or Bermuda-rigged boat, this is sound advice.

Nigel was class champion of the X332; its well-balanced ultra-modern fractional rig works as well for a small cruising crew as it does for keen racers.

But don’t let this put you off a modern gaffer if you enjoy its quirks and character.

Our coastline would be a boring place if we all sailed the same sorts of boats.

Pros and cons of popular sail boat rig designs

Chinese junk rig.

Sail boat rigs: Chinese junk rig. Credit: Darren Bos

Pros: Easy to raise and reef. Easy to tack, gybe and sail single-handed. Easy to control in strong winds.

Cons: Not as close-winded as other rigs. Can be expensive and complicated to build/fit.

Sail boat rigs: Gaff rig. Credit: Neil Foster

Pros: Shorter spars make trailing easier. Modern carbon spars are light and easier to raise/lower. Efficient on a reach or run. Easy on the eye.

Cons: Not as close-winded as modern Bermuda rigs.

Masthead Bermuda rig

Sail boat rigs: Masthead Bermuda rig. Credit: Graham Snook

Pros: Close-winded. Large genoas can be reefed with modern roller furling gear. Modern self-tailing winches make short-tacking easier. Small mainsails easier to control.

Cons: Large genoas can be hard work for cruising.

Fractional Bermuda rig

Sail boat rigs: Fractional Bermuda rig. Credit: Graham Snook/Yachting Monthly

Pros: Very close-winded with tight sheeting angles. Smaller jib is easier to tack, set and trim when shorthanded A large mainsail adds extra off-wind power

Cons: Swept spreaders can chafe mainsails when dead-running.

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Gaff Rig Sailboat: A Classic and Timeless Sailing Experience

by Emma Sullivan | Aug 14, 2023 | Sailboat Gear and Equipment

== Short answer gaff rig sailboat: == A gaff rig sailboat is a type of sailing vessel that features a specific rigging system consisting of a four-sided fore-and-aft sail called a gaff sail. This traditional design offers numerous advantages including simplicity, ease of handling, and excellent downwind performance. Gaff rigged boats are commonly seen in traditional and recreational sailing settings.

Understanding the Gaff Rig Sailboat: A Comprehensive Guide

Sailing is truly a timeless pursuit that continues to captivate enthusiasts worldwide. Among the various types of sailboats, the gaff rig sailboat stands out as a unique and intriguing vessel. With its distinct mast and triangular sails, this traditional design is both awe-inspiring and efficient on the water. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the key aspects of understanding and appreciating the gaff rig sailboat.

The Glory of Gaff Rig Sailboat Design

At first glance, a gaff rig sailboat immediately catches one’s eye with its striking visual appeal. Unlike modern sloop or cutter rigged boats, it proudly exhibits an imposing wooden or aluminum mast that slopes aft at an angle. Attached to this distinctive feature are two sets of sails – a larger mainsail and a smaller headsail.

These sails grant the gaff rig sailboat unparalleled gracefulness while sailing by providing superior power in light winds. Due to their relatively lower aspect ratio compared to other rigs, they generate increased lift, resulting in remarkable upwind performance. This makes the gaff rig not only aesthetically pleasing but also an excellent choice for those seeking both beauty and functionality on the water.

Advanced Maneuverability with Gaff Rig Sails

One advantageous feature of the gaff rig sailboat lies in its versatile sailing capabilities. The unique arrangement of sails allows skilled sailors to expertly trim each individual sail according to wind conditions – adding an extra layer of challenge for those looking to refine their skills.

Furthermore, unlike more modern rigs where adjustments may be limited by complex systems, controlling the sails on a gaff rig boat is simpler yet equally effective. By tweaking halyards and sheets with precision, sailors can achieve optimal balance between power and wind direction without compromising safety or maneuverability.

Embrace Tradition & Classic Seamanship Values

Beyond its exceptional performance characteristics, embracing a gaff rig sailboat allows sailors to immerse themselves in the rich history and traditions of sailing. The gaff rig ‘s roots can be traced back centuries, evoking a sense of nostalgia for a bygone era when wooden ships ruled the seas. Sailing enthusiasts who appreciate craftsmanship and classic seamanship values will undoubtedly find solace in the elegance and heritage of this design.

Furthermore, the charm of a wooden or classic looking gaff rig sailboat is sure to catch the attention of fellow mariners and onlookers alike. Owning such an awe-inspiring vessel not only grants pride but also serves as a conversation starter, connecting sailors with others who share their passion for the maritime world.

Maintenance & Practical Considerations

While we highlight the beauty and allure of the gaff rig sailboat, it is essential to consider practical aspects as well. Maintenance plays a vital role in preserving its splendor. Wooden masts demand regular varnishing or painting to protect against weathering, whereas aluminum masts require periodic inspection for corrosion.

Similarly, ensuring proper storage during off-seasons or inclement weather must be taken into account. Properly covering the boat and storing it in a dry area contributes significantly to prolonging its lifespan while minimizing potential damage caused by environmental factors.

In conclusion, understanding and appreciating the gaff rig sailboat involves recognizing its unique design features, advanced maneuverability potential, historical significance, and maintenance requirements. By delving into these aspects detailed above, aspiring gaff rig sailors can embark on a rewarding journey that combines tradition with timeless excellence on the water.

How to Rig a Gaff Sailboat: Step-by-Step Instructions

Sailing enthusiasts know that sailing on a gaff-rigged sailboat can be an exhilarating experience. The distinctive triangular shape of the gaff sail gives these boats a classic look and offers unique challenges when it comes to rigging. If you’re new to gaff sailboats or just need a refresher, this step-by-step guide will help you rig your vessel with ease.

Before we dive into the instructions, let’s quickly discuss what elements make up a gaff sailboat’s rigging . A typical gaff-rigged sailboat consists of four essential components: the mast, the boom, the gaff, and of course, the appropriately sized gaff sail itself. Understanding how these parts work together is crucial for successfully setting up your boat for sailing .

Step 1: Preparing Your Boat Start by ensuring that all necessary equipment and tools are readily available. You’ll need halyards (lines used to raise sails), sheets (lines used to control sails), cleats, blocks, shackles, and any other hardware specific to your boat ‘s rigging system. Inspect all lines for wear and tear, replacing any damaged ones before moving forward.

Step 2: Setting up the Mast Securely step your mast in its designated spot using proper supports or partners specifically designed for your boat ‘s mast setup. Make sure it is properly aligned and tightly fastened in place – giving it a gentle shake shouldn’t produce any wiggles! Check that all mast fittings are secure and functional.

Step 3: Attaching the Boom Attach one end of your boom securely onto its fitting at the base of the mast – usually located near deck level – using appropriate shackles or other connecting mechanisms provided by your boat’s manufacturer. Ensure that there is ample clearance around you while doing this step to avoid accidents caused by swinging booms.

Step 4: Rigging the Gaff Insert the gaff onto the mast above the boom, making sure it is seated properly. Some boats may have separate jaws to secure the gaff’s throat – ensure these are securely fastened if your boat has them. Attach halyards near the peak of the gaff and then lead these lines through blocks and fairleads back down to suitable cleats on deck for easy adjustment.

Step 5: Hoisting the Gaff Sail Attach one end of your halyard to a designated point at the head of the gaff sail . Pull on this line, slowly raising the sail up to its maximum height while ensuring it isn’t twisted or snagged on any fittings. Once fully hoisted, secure the other end of the halyard to prevent accidental lowering during sailing .

Step 6: Securing Your Sheets Lead both main and headsail sheets correctly, ensuring they do not interfere with other parts of your rigging system or impede navigation around your boat ‘s deck. Check that both sheets run smoothly through their associated blocks – a well-lubricated block will help avoid unnecessary friction and jumpy maneuvers while adjusting sails .

Step 7: Tensioning Your Sails Now it’s time to achieve optimal sail shape and tension by fine-tuning your rigging setup. Begin with adequate foot tension along with proper boom height adjustment using available control mechanisms specific to your boat model. Experimentation is key here as different wind conditions may warrant slight adjustments for optimal performance .

Rigging a gaff sailboat demands patience, attention to detail, and practice. Each vessel has its unique intricacies regarding rigging setups, so consult your boat’s manual for specific guidance tailored to its design. Regular check-ups and maintenance will keep crucial components in good health for many smooth sailing adventures ahead!

Remember, safety should always be a top priority when working with rigging equipment onboard any sailboat – paying close attention to your surroundings and using appropriate gear is essential. Now, with these step-by-step instructions in mind, you’re ready to get out on the water and gracefully maneuver your gaff sailboat !

FAQs About Gaff Rig Sailboats: All Your Questions Answered!

If you are a sailing enthusiast or have always been fascinated by sailboats, you might have come across the term “gaff rig.” While commonly seen in traditional and classic sailboat designs, gaff rigs also possess unique characteristics that make them stand out from other types of sails. In this article, we aim to shed light on frequently asked questions about gaff rig sailboats and provide you with detailed explanations in a professional yet witty manner.

1. What is a gaff rig?

Ah, the heart and soul of classic sailing! A gaff rig refers to a particular type of sail configuration where the mainsail boasts an additional spar called the “gaff” attached at its head. This lovely triangular shape gives these boats their iconic look and distinguishes them from more modern masthead rigs or even other fore-and-aft rigs like the Bermuda.

2. Why would someone choose a gaff rig over other options?

Why settle for ordinary when you can embrace tradition? People choose gaff rigs for various reasons – perhaps they appreciate the aesthetic charm of vintage vessels or prefer to bask in nostalgia while cruising through gentle breezes. The deeper boom angle on a gaff-rigged boat provides excellent power for downwind sailing, making it a popular choice among those who enjoy leisurely sailing experiences.

3. Are gaff rig sailboats difficult to handle compared to other sail configurations?

Fear not, aspiring sailors! While operating any sailboat requires some level of skill, handling a gaff rig is well within reach for most enthusiasts. With its lower center of effort and multiple control points along the mast and boom, adjusting sails on a gaff-rigged boat might require slightly more attention but can also be incredibly rewarding once mastered.

4. Can I single-hand a gaff rigged vessel?

Absolutely! One-person expeditions are not solely reserved for modern sailboat designs. While gaff rigs may appear intricate, with the right knowledge and practice, solo sailing can be quite manageable. Just remember to take your time, familiarize yourself with the boat’s rigging, and maybe bring along an extra dose of patience – rewarding adventures await!

5. Do gaff rig sailboats perform well in different wind conditions?

Ahoy there! Gaff-rigged boats thrive in light winds or moderate conditions where their remarkably efficient downwind performance shines. Although they may not attain the same impressive speeds as racing yachts in optimal wind conditions, gaff rigs exhibit excellent stability and offer a smooth ride for those seeking a more relaxed sailing experience.

6. Are gaff rig sailboats suitable for long-distance cruising?

Indeed, they are! Many sailors have embarked on exciting journeys aboard trusty gaff-riggers. These vessels provide an ideal platform for leisurely exploration, offering roomy interiors and sturdy construction that can withstand extended stays onboard. So whether you’re planning a coastal adventure or dreaming of circumnavigating the globe, a gaff-rigged sailboat can be a splendid choice .

In conclusion, gaff rig sailboats present an elegant fusion of tradition and functionality that continues to capture the hearts of sailors around the world. With their distinctive aesthetics and solid performance characteristics, these classic vessels offer unique experiences you won’t find elsewhere on the water. So go ahead, embrace your inner adventurer, and set sail on your next grand maritime escapade with a gaff rig sailboat by your side!

Unveiling the Beauty of Gaff Rigged Sailboats: Sailing Through History

Imagine yourself gliding through calm waters, propelled by an elegant and timeless vessel. Enveloped in the beauty of nature, these gaff rigged sailboats carry a unique charm that has captured the hearts of sailors for centuries. Join us as we delve into the captivating world of gaff rigged sailboats and unravel their fascinating history.

The term “gaff rig” refers to a specific type of sailing rig characterized by a triangular sail known as a foresail or headsail, and a quadrilateral sail called the mainsail, which is attached to a horizontal spar referred to as the gaff. This distinctive design dates back several centuries and has been an integral part of maritime history.

One cannot discuss gaff rigged sailboats without acknowledging their historical significance. These vessels were once at the forefront of transportation, facilitating trade and exploration around the globe. From 17th-century naval ships to fishing boats dotting coastal villages, gaff rigged sailboats enabled humanity to brave uncharted waters and discover new horizons.

Beyond their historical importance, what truly sets gaff rigged sailboats apart is their aesthetic appeal. There’s something undeniably captivating about the sight of these majestic vessels with their multiple masts adorned with white sails billowing against an azure sky. The unique silhouette created by the long bowsprit reaching outward adds an extra touch of elegance that simply cannot be replicated by modern rigs.

One might wonder why such traditional craftsmanship still maintains its allure today when more efficient sailing rigs have become prevalent. The answer lies in the inherent romance associated with these classic vessels . Gazing upon a gaff-rigged sailboat evokes nostalgia for simpler times, harkening back to an era where adventure was sought after on wind-powered voyages across vast oceans.

But it is not just nostalgia that keeps these boats sailing proudly into modern times; it is also their practicality. Gaff rigged sailboats excel in maneuverability, as the multiple sails allow for quick and precise adjustments in response to changing wind conditions. This level of control makes sailing a gaff rigged vessel an exhilarating experience that demands both skill and finesse.

For those yearning for a hands-on sailing adventure steeped in tradition, gaff rigged sailboats can offer an exceptional experience. Sailing enthusiasts are drawn to the challenge presented by managing these complex rigs, honing their seamanship skills under sails that have stood the test of time. The satisfaction and pride that come from mastering such a vessel make every voyage aboard a gaff rigged sailboat truly rewarding.

In recent years, there has been a resurgence in interest surrounding gaff rigging, with enthusiasts preserving this rich aspect of maritime heritage. Various regattas celebrate the artistry and craftsmanship of these vessels, bringing together passionate sailors who appreciate the beauty and ingenuity behind gaff rigged sailboats. These gatherings serve as reminders that, even in the modern world, there is always room for embracing traditions with open arms.

As we explore gaff rigged sailboats’ enchanting past and present-day allure, we invite you to step aboard and embark upon your own journey through history. Discover firsthand why these majestic vessels continue to capture our imaginations while honoring the brave sailors who came before us. Embark on your own Odyssey across timeless seas under billowing white sails – where adventure meets elegance on an unforgettable voyage through time.

Mastering the Art of Sailing a Gaff Rig Boat: Tips and Techniques

Mastering the art of sailing a gaff rig boat is no small feat. It requires a keen understanding of the various components and techniques that come together to create a seamless sailing experience. In this blog post, we will unravel the mysteries of gaff rig sailing, providing you with helpful tips and techniques to improve your skills on the water.

Firstly, let’s discuss what exactly a gaff rig is. A gaff rig is a type of sailboat configuration that utilizes four main sails: the mainsail, topsail, foresail, and jib. The mainsail is supported by a wooden spar called a gaff, which gives this rig its distinctive look. Understanding how each sail operates and interacts with one another is essential for navigating smoothly through different wind conditions.

One key technique to master when sailing a gaff rig boat is proper sail trimming. Unlike other rigs where it can be relatively easy to adjust sail shape using modern systems such as in-mast furling or roller furling headsails, gaff rigged boats require more hands-on manipulation. By correctly adjusting controls like halyards and sheets, you can fine-tune the sails’ shapes to maximize efficiency and speed. Experimentation plays an important role here as conditions constantly change; finding that perfect balance between power and handling becomes an ongoing challenge.

Another critical aspect of mastering a gaff rig boat relates to understanding its unique aerodynamics. The triangular shape of the mainsail generates lift much like an airplane wing does when wind flows over it at the correct angle of attack. This effect propels the boat forward! However, unlike airplanes where pilots have control over their wings’ angle of attack using flaps or elevators, sailors must rely on skillfully manipulating their sails’ position relative to the wind direction.

When sailing close-hauled (or close to upwind), it’s essential to keep your boat ‘s speed up by properly trimming your sails and maintaining a close eye on the telltale signs of luffing. Luffing occurs when the wind spills over the front edge of the sail , causing it to flutter, and ultimately losing power. By constantly adjusting your sails’ position, you can prevent luffing and keep your boat moving efficiently .

Furthermore, in downwind sailing, balancing your sails becomes crucial for a smooth and controlled ride. To achieve this, some sailors deploy additional sails like topsails or spinnakers to catch more wind from different angles. The addition of these extra sails not only boosts speed but also helps stabilize the boat by improving its balance from forward to aft.

However, mastering gaff rig sailing is not solely about technical skills; it’s also about embracing the sense of tradition and craftsmanship that comes with this classic rigging style. Sailors who appreciate gaff rigs often take pleasure in understanding how every component works together harmoniously while immersing themselves in the historical significance behind this timeless art form.

In conclusion, mastering the art of sailing a gaff rig boat requires a combination of skillful technique, understanding aerodynamics, and an appreciation for tradition. By honing your sail trimming abilities while being attuned to your boat’s behavior under varying wind conditions, you’ll be well on your way to becoming a true gaff rig connoisseur. So strap into your harnesses and let the winds guide you on an exhilarating journey as you unlock the secrets of gaff rig sailing!

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Demystifying the Appeal of Gaff Rigged Boats: Why They’re Making a Comeback

Ahoy there, eager sailors and maritime enthusiasts! If you’ve been keeping an eye on the boating scene lately, it’s hard to ignore one noteworthy trend: the resurgent rise of gaff rigged boats. These majestic vessels, often regarded as relics of the past, are making quite the comeback in modern sailing circles. But what exactly is it about gaff rigged boats that has captivated sailors and yacht aficionados alike? Join us as we embark on a journey to demystify their appeal.

For those less familiar with nautical terms, allow us to elucidate one key component: the gaff rig. In contrast to its more common counterparts like Bermuda or Marconi rigs, the gaff rig features a unique triangular sail supported by two spars – the gaff and boom – which are parallel to each other. This classic design was prevalent during the Golden Age of Sail but eventually lost popularity due to advancements in technology. However, recently there has been a resurgence in interest, and here’s why:

1) Nostalgia Meets Tradition: There is an undeniable charm and allure surrounding gaff rigged boats that instantly transports us back to a bygone era when tall ships ruled the seas. The sight of these traditional vessels evokes romantic notions of exploration, adventure, and remarkable seamanship skills from centuries past. Sailing enthusiasts seeking a taste of history are naturally drawn towards gaff rigs for their rich heritage and tangible connection to maritime traditions.

2) Graceful Aesthetics: In a world increasingly dominated by sleek lines and minimalist designs, gaff rigged boats stand out with their graceful silhouettes and intricate sail arrangements. The towering mainmast combined with several smaller sails hanging gracefully from spars creates an elegant visual spectacle that truly sets them apart from modern yachts. Gazing upon these magnificent vessels evokes a sense of aesthetic appreciation reminiscent of an art gallery on water .

3) Versatility and Practicality: Contrary to popular belief, gaff rigged boats are not just beautiful relics; they also excel in certain sailing conditions. Their ability to handle heavy winds with exceptional downwind speed and incredible balance make them versatile across a wide range of weather conditions . Additionally, the relatively shorter mast height enables these boats to navigate under lower bridges and enter shallower waters, opening up possibilities for exploration in areas previously inaccessible to larger vessels.

4) Simplified Rigging: For those who find complexity intimidating or seek a more hands-on sailing experience, gaff rigging offers simplicity without compromising on excitement. Compared to modern rigs that require intricate adjustments and technical expertise, gaff rigged boats offer a refreshingly straightforward setup. This enables sailors of all skill levels to easily grasp the fundamentals of sail handling while providing ample room for experimentation and improvisation.

5) Sense of Community: The renewed interest in gaff rigs has spawned vibrant communities centered around these timeless vessels. Enthusiasts gather at regattas, festivals, and yacht clubs worldwide to celebrate their love for traditional sailboats. The camaraderie among like-minded individuals fosters connections built on shared passion, allowing sailors to forge lasting friendships beyond the confines of the open sea .

As we navigate through these compelling reasons behind the resurgence of gaff rigged boats, it becomes clear that their appeal transcends mere practical considerations. Rather than being limited solely by nostalgia or historic reverence, their beauty, versatility, simplicity, and community-building capabilities all contribute to their newfound popularity.

So whether you’re a seasoned sailor yearning for a taste of seafaring history or an adventurous novice seeking unique experiences upon the waves – hop aboard this resurgent wave and embrace all that gaff rigged boats have to offer! Set your course towards an extraordinary blend of tradition and innovation as you embark on an adventure that intertwines the legacy of the past with the thrill of modern exploration. The allure of gaff rigged boats awaits, ready to sweep you off your feet and into a fascinating world where old and new collide in perfect harmony.

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Latest updated Monday, February 5, 2024, 159 comments

Images | Particulars | More about | Background and history

Plans, Sharpie 600 - 310 EUR Purchase

Sharpie 600 is designed as a daysailer and weekender, a use most boats are put to, regardless of their design purpose.

The design brief for Sharpie 600 goes like this:

• Daysailor for many: Roomy cockpit (< 200 cm) Comfortable under sail and in a harbor. Everything within reach without passengers being in the way. No boom above the cockpit (with the lug rig). Flexing masts reduce heeling in a gust (also the lug). Easily lowered masts in a tabernacle (gaff rig).
• Weekender/Cruiser for two: Comfortable for one, acceptable for two. Provisions for basic cooking. Room for a portable toilet. Usable in bad weather. Some kind of heating for use in early spring or late fall.
• Fast: Fast enough to cover considerable distances in a day. Lots of sail (SA/d=21) for ghosting along in a breeze without having to resort to an outboard motor or oars.
• Safe: Self-righting after a knockdown. The lug rig reefs without affecting sail balance. Ability to beat away from a lee shore in a blow. If possible unsinkable (with built-in positive flotation).
• Small and handy: Should maneuver calmly and smartly under sail, motor or oars. Short, narrow and light (d/l=159) - easily handled on and off a trailer. Low moorage fees - if applicable. Draft not more than 25 cm, allowing sailing on to the beach and drying out upright on the sturdy flat bottom. The rudder and centerboard should lift without damage if you hit bottom.
• Pretty: Pretty in a traditional way, under sail and on the beach. To maneuver calmly and smartly under sail, motor or oars.
• Low maintenance: Modern wood. Epoxy/glass-sheathed plywood. No permanent installations: electricity, plumbing, motor etc. If fitted with a motor, an outboard is recommended, preferably in a well (but a few Sharpies have been fitted with a small inboard motor under a bridge deck). Easy trailering.
• Easy to handle: All conceivable maneuvering on land or in water should be possible for a competent single-hander. With the gaff rig, the mast in a tabernacle should be easily lowered for passing under a bridge, while the lug rig masts are light enough to be handled manually.
• Easy to build: Designed for amateur construction, the Sharpie is built on 7 transverse and 2 longitudinal bulkheads, preassembled like a large jig-saw puzzle. To this, bottom-, planking- and deck panels, sheathed in epoxy/glass are glued.

The Sharpie 600 took the third prize in Classic Boat´s design competition in 1996.

A pro built Sharpie in France .

The plans show either the lug or the gaff rig and this must be specified when ordering. Both are a bit unusual today, but are excellent on small shallow-draft centerboard boats. They were very common earlier, being easily handled, simple to set up with a minimum of technical gadgets and comfortably sailed singlehandedly.

The gaff sloop

The mast of the gaffer sits in a tabernacle and can be lowered and raised in minutes to pass under a bridge. Since most sailors are used to one-mast boats it might seem less challenging than the lugger. The gaff is a way to increase the sail area on a shorter mast and thus reduce weight aloft (the same way full extended battens increase the area aloft on a modern competitive mainsail). A gaff mainsail can be lowered or reefed without pointing the craft into the wind (let go of the throat and peak halyards and the sail comes down regardless of the wind direction). The gaff rig is not as efficient close hauled as a modern rig but makes up for it reaching and running.

The lug rig was my first choice for the sharpie since I was very impressed with the performance of the lug rig on my canoe yawl  a couple of years earlier. But many interested builders were not quite confident with such an archaic rig, and I got questions about an alternative. So I drew a gaff sloop. Now, after 15 years, the gaff rig counts for approx 2/3 of the shipped drawings. Many seem to choose the gaff for aesthetic reasons: it looks more ship-ish.

Particulars

The plan set consists of six sheets (A1 size = 23"x33") with all the information a builder with some experience (e.g. kayak or canoe building) would need to build the boat. Inexperienced builders may need to consult books in basic boatbuilding techniques.

Sheets are:

• Construction details
• Sections with a table of offsets
• Profile view
• Rigging, masts and sails

The boat is built with plywood – a simple and quick way to achieve strength and a smooth finish – double 12 mm sheets on the bottom, 12 mm on the sides and 9 mm on the deck and house. Wood strip construction is an alternative – though it will be more time-consuming.

The plywood sections and longitudinal bulkheads fit together like a large puzzle, creating a super-stable 3D grid, joined by epoxy fillets. The image above shows the lug version. The ballast is lead sheet glued/screwed to the floor (a thrifty builder without access to a commercial lead-casting foundry perhaps could do the job himself, using old lead tire weights or scrap lead, a charcoal fire and a simple mold – a particle board with wooden battens – but check the environmental policies in your area!).  

Note: The gaff and lug version are on different plans. Please specify which you want when ordering.

No building manual is included. For more information on building techniques, please consult one of the books on boat building listed in literature .

More on the Sharpie 600

I frequently get questions about the off-center board, positioned 30 cm to the right of the centerline. It means that the centerboard trunk that usually transforms the cabin of shallow-draft cruisers into two narrow and not very usable spaces is now out of the way, hidden behind the longitudinal bulkhead. The Sharpie 600 is surprisingly roomy.

"But won´t she sail better on one tack?" In practice, you must be a very good sailor to be able to notice any difference. In the good old days, the centerboard was often placed through the planking beside the keel as boat builders did not like cutting holes in the backbone. Thus, my Sharpie follows a respected tradition, although the offset is slightly more than the older custom.

The suggested interior layout is simple and easily maintained, without any installations (electricity, plumbing etc.): a portable toilet can be stored under the cockpit seat or under a hinged seat. The recommended water system is two 25 l jerrycans under the lifting galley countertop – one for fresh water and one to collect the waste water – that are reasonably easy to lift out and fill/empty. An alternate solution is to have two cans for fresh water and to drain the 'gray water' waste through the centerboard trunk. A removable section of the transom can be a perfect place for an outboard motor, or you can arrange something a little more elaborate with a motor well in the aft left corner of the cockpit. Lighting can be LED lamps with dry cells, or LED lamps run on a house battery under the cockpit (in which case a four-stroke outboard motor with an alternator would be best suited)

The photos below (from Audun Bull in Norway and his S/Y Kuling ) show the surprising space that can be achieved in a tiny pocket cruiser when the centerboard is hidden behind the pantry counter.

If someone wants to put sailmarks on the sails of their Sharpie, here are a couple of suggestions. They are available as downloads on the resource page . The color can be adjusted to suit the color scheme of the hull.

The gaff version:

The lug version:

Sharpie 600 – background and history

The Sharpie 600 started as a private project - an idea for a very simple, hassle-free, inexpensive and convenient way for me to spend time at sea. When the design was nearing completion in 1996, the UK magazine Classic Boat launched a design competition with almost the same specifications as those I had set for myself. I submitted my design in the competition and was happy to see that the Sharpie 600 was honored with a third place award.

Sharpie 600 was honored with a third place award in Classic Boat's design contest 1996

Perhaps a centerboard and a mizzen placed off-center were hard to take for English traditionalists. One of the judges commented:

"Björn Thomasson's flat-bottomed 'weekender-for-two' appealed to me for its charming simplicity. At a personal level, I am not entirely comfortable with the asymetry of the off-center board and mizzen. Hang the rudder in a slot to allow for a central mizzen and centre the board and this little lug-rigged cat yawl complete with two-berth cabin, head and galley, would be just right fo a drying mooring. The high aspect ratio lug rig certainly suits the little boat. Allowing for my personal prejudices, I gave it a third place."

Perhaps if I had put the centerboard in the middle (compromising the livable room in the cabin) and centered the mizzen mast (complicating the construction with a non-lifting rudder in a slot, or a link system between the rudder and tiller) I might even have won! They are tricky, those Englishmen ;-)

By the time the competition ended I had discovered that kayaks were an even more efficient way of spending time at sea, so the prototype was built by Wermlandia Båtproduktion and exhibited at the Stockholm Boat Fair, where she attracted a lot of interest from sailors, journalists and boatbuilders.

To date (Summer 2021) 51 sets of plans have been shipped, but I am still waiting to start building my own Sharpie 600. There have been a lot of kayak projects in those years.

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what is wrong with a gaff rigged small boat?

Discussion in ' Sailboats ' started by bean surchwell , Dec 6, 2010 .

bean surchwell Junior Member

Pygmay's w.g.w. Gardener suggested sprit or marconi. Why have i not seen a gaff rig on one? The sprit sail doesnt reef easily. The marconi is too modern looking. and has extra leverage up high that a small boat could do with out. I am partial to a gaff rigg. What am i missing?  

Doug Lord Flight Ready

Modern Gaff Many modern mainsails have more in common with a gaff than with a marconi. Square top mains many times have the head of the sail supported by a diagonal batten-which could be said to be sort of a gaff. The F3 model below and the 16' Tantra(EXP-1) have modern versions of a gaff where both the peak and throat are adjustable -and the peak is further adjusted like an upper outhaul. Contrary what many were taught in the old days the rectangular planform has more going for it than the old style marconi rigs. click on the image:  

Attached Files:

Cherub banshee ambulance w-o ama's.jpg, sail%20against%20sun.jpg, _mg_0832.jpg, hydroptere.ch-11-29.jpg, mfoilerf3_14a_small.jpg, tantra x-rig.jpg.

messabout Senior Member

There are many gaff rigged small boats. A popular one that comes to mind is the Melonseed in any of its length iterations. Small ones are 13 feet, some are as much as 20 feet. Gaff rigs are powerful if properly done. The disadvantage is the weight of the gaff aloft and also two halyards to mess with. The outer end of the gaff falls off to leeward in many cases but that can be mostly adjusted out with tight peak halyards and boom vangs below. Lug rigs are simpler. Depending on how small your small boat is, or the intended use of the boat, there may be better choices of sailplan.  

gggGuest ...

bean surchwell said: ↑ Why have i not seen a gaff rig on one Click to expand...

peterAustralia Senior Member

from memory the mirror dingy is gaff rigged. I sailed in one a few times and it is a quite pleasant boat. Perhaps the downside is the number of lines and percieved complexity. Small boats historically had lugsails or sprit sails becasue the individual spar lenghts were short enough, so that when the boat was being rowed, these spars could be stowed in the bottom of the boat. Above a certain size, the idea of taking the mast down and rowing ceases to become practicle. This is my guess why the gaff was not used as much in smaller boats, the sprit and lugsails having small spars that can be stored in the bottom of the boat, not because they are better sails than the gaff sail. This is my undersanding anyway, .... seems to make logical sense... ?  

peterAustralia said: ↑ from memory the mirror dingy is gaff rigged. Click to expand...

CutOnce Previous Member

gggGuest said: ↑ Its a sliding gunter. One practical difference is that there is no throat halyard, so one string less. Click to expand...

RHough Retro Dude

messabout said: ↑ ... Gaff rigs are powerful if properly done. The disadvantage is the weight of the gaff aloft and also two halyards to mess with. The outer end of the gaff falls off to leeward in many cases but that can be mostly adjusted out with tight peak halyards and boom vangs below . Lug rigs are simpler. ... Click to expand...

Perm Stress Senior Member

Below certain size gaff with two hallyards and relatively high pressure of gaff against the mast is not so practical. If only because of forces required to hoist or lower the gaff, or tension in peak hallyard, which if made not from modern low-stretch rope, need constant attention. Regarding "The sprit sail doesnt reef easily." it is simply not true. Optimist rig do not reef at all, that's right. However, all that is necessary to make sprit rig reefable is to make separate rigging for sprit and use an independent outhaul for the peak of sail. Then the sail could be reefed conventional way from below, by tying some portion of sail in bundle. It is done for centuries in traditional working sailboats, like Thames barges, Kurronian lagoon fishing boats (I happen to personally know the master of replica, owned by Lithuanian Maritime Museum), etc. ...  

alan white Senior Member

A gaff can be miniaturized down to very small. However, mast hoops take a bit of work to detach from the sail or the mast, depending on how the rig is set up. Maybe that's why other rigs are used on small boats that are broken down for trailering each sail. Otherwise, gaffers (such as Beetle Cats) work well scaled down.  

Modern gaff design Paul Beiker and Russell Brown did a modern take on a gaff rig - it was in Woodenboat and called the PT15 (Port Townsend 15). It used a modern carbon fiber mast & gaff that was controllably fixed into place - allowing controlled gaff placement in concert with controlled mast rotation. Pretty innovative - and it did reef well - avoiding the problem of matching luff curve to expected bend in a normal marconi rig. They also did a comparable "standard" marconi rig for the boat, so they could trial them together. The real problem with smaller gaffers is that the sailor has to be mentally secure enough to handle being 5 or more degrees off the windward progress of the other folks heading in the same upwind direction. If you don't get mad when someone who was beside you is now drinking beer, while you are still thrashing to windward, go for it. -- CutOnce  

michael pierzga Senior Member

Perm Stress said: ↑ Below certain size gaff with two hallyards and relatively high pressure of gaff against the mast is not so practical. If only because of forces required to hoist or lower the gaff, or tension in peak hallyard, which if made not from modern low-stretch rope, need constant attention. Regarding "The sprit sail doesnt reef easily." it is simply not true. Optimist rig do not reef at all, that's right. However, all that is necessary to make sprit rig reefable is to make separate rigging for sprit and use an independent outhaul for the peak of sail. Then the sail could be reefed conventional way from below, by tying some portion of sail in bundle. It is done for centuries in traditional working sailboats, like Thames barges, Kurronian lagoon fishing boats (I happen to personally know the master of replica, owned by Lithuanian Maritime Museum), etc. ... Click to expand...

reefing.jpg

Perm Stress said: ↑ Then the sail could be reefed conventional way from below, by tying some portion of sail in bundle. Click to expand...

Naw... I hate zipper reefs. It was a fashion twenty years ago... Spent hours trying to repair the zippers...Bah... Humbug.. on any zippers any where on any boat.  

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I grew up sailing and racing the Fish Class "the" class for the Gulf Yachting Association right up until they got Scotts. A ponderous boat but a great experience-and loads of fun in a blow. It seems to be that the planform(if it was taller and narrower) of the gaff boats is and was superior to the marconi rig/bermudan rig-but the implementation in the old days was kinda slow.  

2004 Fish class fleet from fish class website-access thru Fort WaltonYC.jpg

what was wrong exactly with design of old sailing "ships"?

What's wrong with Lug Rigs?

What is wrong with a Junk rig

Sailors wrong for thousands of years?

Would an Ebbtide 36 be suitable for a gaff rig.

Possible to convert Gaff Schooner to Ketch?

Help: Centerboard Gaff Schooner, CLR vs COE

Gaff Ketch mast locations

Gaff Rig - Safety - Ease of Use - For a Cruiser

Help Gaff Schooner Rigging

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Gaff Sail Boats for sale

nice wooden dinghy, gaff rig.

St. Petersburg, Florida

Make Home Built

Category Dinghies

Length 10.4

Posted Over 1 Month

Nice wooden dinghy, good condition (need paint?) Look retro. Good mast, boum and gaff . Good sail. No motor. Aluminium oars(new).Ready to sail.

2014 Catboat GAFF RIG, FULLY RESTORED

Newburyport, Massachusetts

Make Catboat

Model GAFF RIG, FULLY RESTORED

2014 Catboat GAFF RIG, FULLY RESTORED Major Price Reduction 6/22.  Seller has no time for her.  100 years sailing Babylon YC Regattas and Great South Bay. Built in Connecticut as a seagoing yacht. 100% professionally rebuilt. This is an opportunity to own a very fine, like new but truly classic cruising cat. Replacement value more than $200,000! Her rebuild included many maintenance saving re-construction modernizations. However, care was taken to preserve her authenticity. Sabb diesel with keel cooler (900 hrs), variable pitch prop and optional hand start... parts easily obtained and inexpensive. Extremely reliable and effecient (10nm/gal @ hull speed). Vessel is dialed in and loves a 20 knot breeze. Her distinctive flared bow and "V" hull give her strong, smooth windward characteristics unusual for a catboat. She is a capable offshore vessel, truly sensational sailing as comfortable in heavy offshore conditions as she is nimble around the club. You will be greeted with interest and awe at every port of call. "Sea Rover" is actively sailing between Martha's Vineyard, the Westport river, MA, and Onset Bay. Asking $29,000. LOD: 26' LOA: 27.5' Beam: 10'11" Draft: 34" Aux. Propulsion: Sabb Diesel Motor: manual and elect start, keel cooled, variable pitch prop. (900 hrs) Sail just recon'd by NorthSails, good condition All bronze hardware 7 Bronze portlights Manual Marine Head Bronze Centerboard Winch, Stainless Steel Cable Mahogany/Bronze Boathook Fenders Tiller Tender System Louvered Oak Washboards Varnished Gaff & Boom Wooden/Bronze Blocks Cedar on Oak Hull Mahogany Coaming, Toerail, Pulpit Spare Masthead Halyard 2 Oversized anchors, 3 rodes Pulpit with Anchor Roller and Alternate heavy duty Mooring Chalk Teak cockpit sole w/2 Large Bronze Scuppers New Posh II running rigging from R & W Rope 2 Epoxied Alum water tanks (35 g) 20g Epoxied Aluminum Fuel Tank w Water/Debris Catch Edson Manual and Rule Electric Bilge Pumps Completely and professionally rebuilt utilizing modern technology where possible to lower maintenance but strictly adhering to her authenticity. She is like a new boat! This offshore capable and striking classic has just turned 100 years old! You'd never guess. Cabin can sleep 3 comfortably and has flip up dinettes on the centerboard trunk. The corian sink has a brass water pump beside oak counter. Cozy lighting is by kerosene gimballed lantern or overhead 12v. Dual battery switch and 12 volt breaker panel. Lots of dry storage compartments. Equipped with Balmar high performance charge regulator giving optimally rapid battery re-charge. Sea Rover is strong, gorgeous and well designed. You will be met with enthuiastic interest and awe at all your ports of call with Sea Rover.

1982 Scheeps & Jachtbouw Steel Gaff Rigged Ketch

Deltaville, Virginia

1982 Scheeps & Jachtbouw Steel Gaff Rigged Ketch 'Pacifique'  is a Louis Van De Wiele designed boat, based on the famous 'Omoo', which was sailed round the world from 1949 - 1953 by famous Belgian yachtswoman Annie Van de Wiele.  This boat was built by one of the Scheeps and Jachtbouw Boatyards in Weidewiek, Netherlands and smacks of traditional boating at its best. With 5mm  cold galvanized,epoxy coated overlapping steel plates on the hull and 4mm epoxy coated steel decks, she is extremely strong and built particularly to voyage in temperate latitudes and has been as far north as Greenland. She can handle any weather conditions. The current owner had her built in 1980/1 and has been cruising her, either full time or part time, ever since.  However, it is time to move to shore and leave the sailing to someone younger, but with the passion. The strong steel hull is as good as new, the interior is functional, the rigging is largely block and tackle/dead eye, the gaff-rigged ketch sail plan will have traditionalists 'oohing and ahing', the long bowsprit adds to the sail area and to the fabulous lines of this head-turning sailing vessel. The owner is motivated to sell and will entertain reasonable offers from genuine buyers who are looking to live the dream.

16' 1933 Crosby Gaff Rigged Catboat

Dedham, Massachusetts

Please contact the owner directly @ 781-326-3362 or glsass(at)live(dot)com. JENNY- 16' Catboat, cuddy cabin, spruce mast w/douglas fir boom and gaff. In excellent condition with Garmin GPS, 2 mooring pennants, 5hp 1999 Mercury OB, new batteries, Danforth anchor,pickup stick, cockpit bench cushions and rudder lock. 2001 Ventura Model VB-2200 trailer. New cockpit, sail cover and mast boot. Flexible solar panel battery charger. Electric bilge pump. Custom keel blocks and jack stands. Interior contains 2 storage shelves (port/starboard) and new pine ceiling. Marblehead/Manchester Sailoar 8 sailing dinghy, leathered oars, bronze oar locks, new centerboard, rudder, sprit rig with new sail (2012). This is a face to face sale ( name, address, telephone, etc.) no cryptic messages or couriers, no PayPal payments, bank or certified checks only. These boats are offered as a single unit and NOT available separately. Serious offers only, NO TRADES CONSIDERED.

16' Gaff Rigged Sloop Somes Sound 12 1/2

Fillmore, California

Designed to sail Buzzards Bay and other rough water like San Francisco Bay, her stability has not been exceeded by any other vessel this size. The Somes Sound 12 1/2 is the third generation of Nathaniel Herreshoff's H12 1/2. A glued lapstrake hull built with 3/8" marine plywood and 600 lbs of lead ballast give her excellent stability and speed on the water. A self tacking jib, 134 sq ft of sail, a six foot beam, and a weighted centerboard make her a dream to sail. Accessories include , built in radio, two electric bilge pumps, 12v battery, electric trolling motor, EZ Loader trailer with swing tongue. Asking price is $14,900 or best offer.

Stornoway 12 Gaff Rigged Sailboat, Engine, Oars, and Trailer

Somerville, Massachusetts

Make Stornoway

British designed Stornoway 12, gaff main with jib, centerboard. Beautiful composite built from best marine ply and epoxy by meticulous amateur craftsman. Fine vessel for rowing, sailing, or motoring. Needs nothing as this is a complete package. Have all paperwork for the boat and trailer. Good trailer and like-new 2.5 HP 4-stroke Yamaha outboard. Sails in excellent condition. This is a comfortable, safe, and dry boat in ready-to-go condition. The British take their sailing dinghys seriously! Further information at SelwayFisher.com Stornoway 12 Particulars LOA12'1"3.67m Beam5'1.53m Hull Mid Depth1' 6 1/2"0.47m Draft6"/3'3"0.16/1m Sail Area78 sq.ft7.3 sq.m Approx. Dry Weight135 lbs62 kg Hull Shape Multi-chine with 6 planks per side Construction MethodStitch and tape - mould/jig given for clinker ply Major plywood requirements for hull5 x sheets of 6mm exterior or marine plywood Guidance Use3 adults rowing/motoring - 2 adults sailing

Sailboat, 21ft, Gaff topsail cutter rig, motor, trailer, 8 sails, rigging

Adams Run, South Carolina

Make Windjammer Yachts

Model Gaff Topsail, Cutter

Category Cruiser Motorcycles

Length 21.0

This is Hull #1, 1961, Windjammer 21's from California, designed by Morgan Embrogan and built in Southern California back in the 60's and early 70's by various commercial builders. There were at least 15 built and I have a gaff-rigged, topsail cutter. This Windjammer sailed to Hawaii and back from California twice and to Alaska and back to CA. boats have very easily folded masts, even under sail, fit into US containers (24). The Windjammer 21 will sleep 4 in separate bunks and is very comfortable under way and in the slip. With quadrant centerboard up it draw 18 inches and weight empty is 2500#. It has always been great in the Channel Islands because it cuts over the kelp and because it is so light we used to tie off to the kelp (don't shoot me) to keep from carrying 600' feet of line and extra chain necessary to normal anchor around the islands. Boat is in Charleston, SC now on a trailer. Steel trailer has 4 new tires, wheels, bearings, recently pulled from Florida. 6 bags of sails, all rigging, outboard in a well, boat is ready to sail but could use some TLC, paint, varnish, etc. Photo of Black hull boat is a sistership. Could deliver for a fee if needed after purchase.

38' 1903 Saroukos Sponge Sail

Mathews, Virginia

Please contact owner Martin at 804-512-eight five three zero. Boat is located in Mathews, Virginia. Coll molded over cypress, gaff rigg . Sails, rebuilt diesel,new hot water heater,new compost toilet , solar panels and wind generator. Tons of stuff anchors blocks. Good live aboard. This boat was built in tarpon springs. If it doesnt sell I'll take it there for sunset cruising. Could even lease for that purpose .

17 ft. Gaff Haven 12 1/2 Sailboat. Centerboard version of the Herreshoff 12 1/2

Grosse Pointe, Michigan

Make Custom Built

Length 17.0

The Haven 12 1/2 is Joel White's centerboard version of the Herresshoff 12 1/2. This boat was built to the highest standards, completed in 2006. It has a white oak keel and steam bent oak frames. It was built with plank on frame construction over molds at each frame with Atlantic White Cedar. The front deck is 3/8" marine plywood with teak marine grade plywood laminated on top and scribed with lines to represent deck planking. The rest of the wood is all mahogany and teak. The gaff rigged sails (main and jib), are from Center Harbor (Maine) sail makers. The metal hardware is all silicone bronze as are all the screws. All the spars are Sitka Spruce, which is very light weight and very strong. She has Sunbrella main and jib sail covers. There is a marine grade deep discharge 12 volt battery which powers Minn-Kota electric trolling motors for auxiliary power. There is also an AM/FM/Marine stereo system with iphone/ipod input and two mounted speakers. A galvanized wire lifting harness is also included. It comes with a custom built galvanized Triad trailer (~2006), which has a custom mast holder and "sail off" capability. New paint and varnish was completed inside and out in April, 2015 using Epifanes Varnish and George Kirby Jr. paint. The boat is located near Detroit, Michigan - worth the trip! $20,000. Reasonable offers considered. Shipping and payment: Cannot deliver boat. Payment required in full at time of purchase.

32' DREADNAUGHT UNFINISHED SAIL BOAT PROJECT 2015 TITLED

Huntington Beach, California

Make DREADNAUGHT

Model 32 CUTTER

Length 32.0

32' DREADNAUGHT CUTTER OR GAFF SAIL BOAT PROJECT. 70% FINISHED. OWNER DIED. INCLUDES ALL NEW PARTS. NEW CARBON FIBER MAST WITH CUTTER OR GAFF HARDWARE CUSTOM MADE ALL STAINLESS. BOOM WITH CUSTOM HARDWARE. NEW BOW PULPIT WITH ALL HARDWARE. CUSTOM ANCHOR ROLLER SYSTEM FOR BOW PULPIT. NEW STERN PULPIT WITH HARDWARE AND CUSTOM ANCHOR ROLLER SYSTEM. RUDDER INSTALLED WITH TILLER HANDLE. CUSTOM DEEPER COCK PIT SEATING SETUP FOR SINGLE MAN OPERATION. ALL NEW FUEL TANKS INSTALLED. CUSTOM WATER TANK SYSTEM UNDER FLOOR TOTAL 6 TANKS WITH MANIFOLD SYSTEM. OLDING TANK SYSTEM INSTALLED. GALLEY WITH NEW TWO BURNER STOVE WITH OVEN INCLUDED. REFRIGERATOR BOX INSTALLED NO COOLING SYSTEM. NEW PROP AND SHAFT WITH ALL CUTLESS BEARINGS AND PACKING GLAND. CHAIN PLATES INSTALLED. PORT HOLE WINDOWS INSTALLED. MOST INTERIOR STRUCTURE BUILT. THE OWNER BOUGHT THE BOAT KIT NEW IN 1975 FOR $10,000 AND BUILT ALL THE HARDWARE AND PARTS HIMSELF. HE WAS A AEROSPACE ENGINEER AND DID SOME INCREDIBLE WORK. THE HULL ABOVE THE WATER LINE IS BALSA CORE WITH SOLID PLYWOOD ON ALL CHAIN PLATES. 7,000 LBS LEAD KEEL WAS INSTALLED BY OWNER. I HAVE ALL THE DRAWINGS, ORIGINAL PURCHASE ORDER WITH ALL BUILD INFO, BLUE PRINTS OF CUSTOM ORDERED HULL MATERIAL. DRAWING FROM OWNER OF RIGGING SETUP. THE BOAT IS GOING TO NEED MOTOR AND TRANS. (SET UP FOR TWO CYLINDER YANMAR) RIGGING CABLES. WINCHES AND SAILS. PAINTING OF BOAT. INTERIOR FINISHED. ELECTRICAL. (MOST 120 VOLT INSTALLED) I AM SELLING OFF THESE PARTS ON OTHER AUCTION, THE SOONER THE WHOLE BOAT SELLS THE MORE THE BUYER WILL GET AT THIS PRICE. CALL ME FOR INFO AND LIST OF OTHER PARTS. 562-201-6554 LANDON

2008 Custom Windward 28

Middleburg, Florida

Make Custom

Model Windward 28

Category Ketch

Everything about this boat appears to be in " better than expected" condition. She has been well cared for and the boat and all of its accessories/components have been stored in a clean, climate-controlled environment. Stock #311714 Karl Stambaugh Design!! Easy to Haul!! Easy to Sail!! Everything Needed to Go Sailing is Included!! BONUS OFFERING!!! The owner of this boat had dozens of books on sailing and sailboat maintenance. Those will be included in the sale of this vessel. This Karl Stambaugh-designed WINDWARD 28 is a cruising version of her successful shallow draft sisters. She is a gaff-rigged ketch and she has generous accommodations in her cabin. Her arrangement is a V-berth forward, galley to port, storage to starboard, two settees, and a porta-potty to pull out from under the bridge deck. Her self-bailing cockpit is large enough for family and friends to spread out. Storage is provided in the lazaret and under the cockpit seats. When not under sail she is powered by a 2006 Tohatsu 6 HP four-stroke engine. She will sail upright and go to windward well as her name indicates. The split ketch gaff rig is easy to handle and reduces easily when white caps appear. Her hull construction is glue and screw 1/2" plywood and epoxy on plywood bulkheads and straight frames. Her sails are in good condition and she comes with all running rigging and the original build plans. She rides on a 2008 aluminum dual axle trailer made by Advanced Boat Trailers of Jacksonville, FL and custom-made for this boat. Since new, when not in the water, this boat has been stored in a climate-controlled inside storage building built specifically for this boat. Bottom line...the owner of this boat had her custom built and he loved her and cared for her like an only child. Check her out!! You will be amazed and impressed!! Reason for selling is owner passed.

2007 Custom 16

Kansas City, Kansas

Category Other

Very light use and a complete rare design for fun on the water. This is normally stored inside when not in use or enjoyed on fresh water. Completely gone through in 2018 by a former Chris-Craft builder. Stock #176116 The Little Leon is a scale replica of the Square Sail Brigantine "Leon". She was entirely hand built from scratch. A complete one of a kind! Exact 1/8th scale of the famed square rigged Norwegian Brigantine "Leon". Only continue looking if interested in a conversation starter that will turn heads every where it's sailed and docked. A unique hand-made design which is also able to be disassembled and trailered on the included trailer. Seating for 6-8 people enjoy a fantastic sail and steady ride thanks to the onboard water ballast system. The hull sides are Australian hardwood with masts made of American Pine. MAST: Two masts made of pine wood. MAST STEP: The fore mast is stepped on the forward ballast bulkhead. The aft mast is stepped in the bilge SPREADERS: Four spreaders on the fore mast. SHROUDS AND STAYS: The forward mast has eight shrouds both port and starboard, all made of nylon rope. Five are 1/4", one is 3/16", one is 5/32", and one is 3/32". The aft mast has six shrouds on each side, all nylon rope. There are four 1/4", one 5/32", and one 3/32". The foremast also has a total of six upper shrouds. The fore stays are attached to the bowsprit. The back stay of the forward mast is attached to the aft mast. BOOMS: There is a bowsprit and a bow boom. TURNBUCKLES: There are no turnbuckles rather dead-eyes. CHAIN PLATES: The chain plates are Futtlocks. They are 1/8" bronze rods attached to the topsides then attached to the dead-eyes. MAST SUPPORTERS: Hardwood mast partner and mast step, reported as serviceable. SAILS MAINSAIL: There are four square sails on the forward mast. Three stay sails (jibs). There are gaff rigged sails on the aft mast.

1980 AC Cat 30

Cohasset, Massachusetts

Make AC Cat

Category Cruiser

Everything on this boat works as it should, the owner confirms. It will make a beautiful day sailer, weekender, or longer-range sailer for her next owners. Get ready to sail away today! Stock #299074 Custom Re-Fit! Over 6' Headroom Below! Power Winch! Half-Dodger! Battenless Mainsail! This custom sailer was professionally converted from an Atlantic City Cat in 2009. With a spacious 24' on deck and an 11-foot beam, she has plenty of room above for coastal cruising or entertaining. The cockpit can accommodate up to 8 people. Below she has over 6 feet of headroom in the cabin making for comfortable quarters. There is a very comfortable settee with a table that converts to a double bunk. There is also a single berth starboard and a quarter berth double. This vessel has been rehabbed. The original engine was replaced by a Volvo Penta MD 20-30 diesel and a large prop was installed to allow her to get up to 8 knots. There is a roomy head and galley with hot and cold pressured water. She has been upgraded with updated electronics including a Garmin plotter and Raymarine autopilot. She can be steered under a dodger in wet or windy weather. A carbon fiber boom and gaff, plus a power winch and boom gallows make for easy rig handling. The added plank bowsprit with stainless steel pulpit and Spartan anchor roller makes for safety and comfort. She is also equipped with a roller furling jib. She has everything needed for enjoyable sailing, entertaining, and cruising. She cruises comfortably under power, doing 6 knots at 2,700 RPM, and can do 8 knots in the 3,300 to 3,500 RPM range for a good bit. Comfortable underway and at anchor, this 1980 O Donnell is the perfect boat for a day or weekend away.

1964 Herman Cat Catboat 17’

Cape May Court House, New Jersey

Make Herman Cat

Model Catboat 17’

Category Daysailer Sailboats

1964 Herman Catboat 17’ One of a kind, maybe the prototype? Fully updated in 2009. New Yanmar engine in 2009. Sail new in 2013. Gaff rigged, Tabernacle mast. Includes trailer. Asking $9950

2002 Barnstable cat boat

Request Price

West Barnstable, Massachusetts

12 ft fiberglass Barnstable Cat, gaff rigged, blue. Same as wooden beetlecat and raced successfully with them. Top condition, professionally maintained. Fun and easy to sail. Sails, cockpit cover and equipment included. Moored in Barnstable Harbor.

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