caravel sailboat

The Age of Exploration Carrack and Caravel

In the early fifteenth century the pace of ship development in the Atlantic tradition began to pick up: this was the period with the most intense development of sailing ships . I hinted earlier about the potential for ship growth (in size) and development should the northern clinker and the Mediterranean carvel designs fuse. Such a mixing began with the Crusades. Many northern knights headed for the Holy Land in their double-ended clinker-built ships, taking them into Mediterranean ports en route. Better ships led to increased trade further afield, which contributed to the mixing of ship-building ideas so that, instead of two separate strands, Europe became a melting pot of diverse ideas concerning ship design. One of the first fruits of this melding of ideas, and certainly the best-known and most successful ship of its day, was the carrack.

The carrack was a carvel-built ship with a stern rudder. This combination of features permitted carracks to grow larger than their predecessors. Originating in the early fourteenth century around Genoa, by the fifteenth century a typical carrack displaced 600 tons; by the sixteenth century carracks weighed in at 1,600 tons. These later carracks were typically 115 ft long with a beam of 33 ft and a depth of 17 ft. The carrack was a high-sided vessel with a stern castle and a particularly high forecastle. These castles grew into multistoried structures, giving the carrack a characteristic U-shape side on. The castles were integral to the hull and not, as earlier, appearing to be add-ons. They provided protection from the weather amidships, as well as protection from attackers. Carracks heeled rather a lot in strong winds, being somewhat top-heavy because of the castles. Their sterns were rounded, and they had a relatively deep draft: they were open ocean ships.

The early carracks were two-masted, with the main mast square-rigged and the mizzen lateen-rigged. Here is another fusion of the two European strands that yielded significant benefits: the northern square-

rig sails were good at running before the wind, while the Mediterranean lateen sail permitted tacking and yielded better control. Later carracks had three masts, the new foremast being square-rigged. Bowsprits were added early on (around 1350) to the top of the forecastle, and by the mid-1400s some carracks had topsails above the main sails. Masts, consequently, grew taller. As the carrack evolved, a fourth mast, the bona-venture, was added aft of the mizzen and given a lateen sail. From 1500 CE all four masts carried topsails, and the main and fore masts carried topgallants. Thus, carracks were among the first fully rigged ships to be built (fig. 1.9). The proliferation of sails resulted in crew specialization, with some crew stationed in the rigging rather than, as earlier, with everyone working the sails from the deck. The carrack was the best Atlantic-tradition ship to date and was used for trade and war throughout Europe* and for exploration beyond Europe.

* Carracks first reached England in the early sixteenth century, brought there by Genoese traders. The most famous English carrack, however, suffered from being a "prestige" ship. She was the Mary Rose, King Henry VIII's flagship, built in 1510 and

The seaworthiness of carracks is clear from the role that they played in the Age of Exploration. Of the three ships that took Christopher Columbus to the New World in 1492, one, the Santa Maria, was a carrack (fig. 1.10).* In 1519 Magellan first circumnavigated the globe in the carrack Vittoria.t Portuguese carracks reached as far as Japan, where they were known as "black ships'' because of the pitch on their sides. The carrack was the beast of burden of the Age of Exploration and became the standard vessel of Atlantic trade. As well as being an excellent transport ship, it provided a stable deck that was an excellent gun platform. So here we see two motivations for the evolving Atlantic-tradition sailing ship. At the junction in history where northern and Mediterranean strands come together, we have on the one hand the need to expand trade and explore the world, and on the other hand the need to provide effective platforms for increasingly effective (and increasingly large) cannons.t

The other great ship of the Age of Exploration is the caravel.§ Originating in Portugal and derived from thirteenth-century fishing boats , the caravel was adopted by most European seafaring nations by the fifteenth century, though it will always be associated with Iberian explorers. Significantly smaller than the carrack (typically 65-80 ft long, 25 ft in the beam, and 10 ft deep) and with a correspondingly smaller cargo capacity (60-100 tons), the caravel was nevertheless a successful merchantman of luxury goods such as silks and spices in the Atlantic and Indian oceans sunk, under the baleful eye of her king, off the southern coast of England in 1545. Her gun ports were too close to the waterline, and she shipped water when heeling during a maneuver. The Mary Rose was raised in 1982 and is now on public view (see bibliography).

* This is the consensus view of historians, a minority of whom consider the Santa Maria to be a caravel. Certainly this ship was not a standard carrack (compare fig. 1.10 with the description of carracks in the text).

tOnly 18 of the original crew of 270 completed this eventful journey. Their captain, a Portuguese in the employ of the Spanish crown, was killed en route. Nevertheless, Magellan is given credit for the first circumnavigation because he had earlier been the first person to pass through every meridian. The carrack was known as the nao to the Portuguese and Spaniards.

t Clinker hulls were not well suited for piercing to make gun ports because the strength of clinker-built ships lay in the shell, not the frame. This strength was compromised by piercing the hull.

§The name caravel is perhaps linked to carvel, as in "carvel-built."

Figure 1.10. The Santa Maria, a carrack, was one of the three ships taken by Christopher Columbus on his first voyage to the New World. This picture seems hardly less fantastic than the model of figure 1.9. Again, the high stern is prominent. Compare the increasingly complex rigging with that of earlier ships. Image from Wikipedia.

and a ship of exploration par excellence. Two of Christopher Columbus's ships were caravels : the Niña (fig. 1.11) and the Pinta. The Portuguese explorers Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama were sent to the four corners of the world by their monarch, Prince Henry ''the Navigator,'' in caravels.

The caravel sailed better than the carrack (which by comparison was slow and ponderous, and handled poorly); it rolled less and, with better lines and consequently less drag, was faster.* Carvel-built like the car-rack but with a shallower draft, the caravel hull design made the ship buoyant and resistant to leeway. It had a raised stern but no forecastle. The aft castle overhung the square stern, resulting in a poop deck. The caravel was small enough and with a low enough freeboard so that it could be rowed in a pinch. The three or four masts were usually lateen-rigged, so that caravels sailed well into the wind. (Caravels were, arguably, the best windward-sailing ships in the world during their heyday.) Some caravels were switched from lateen- to square-rigged to take advantage of a following wind; the Niña is one example. This differentia

* The caravels were also more maneuverable in tight bays and close to rocky shorelines. Of Columbus's three ships only the carrack Santa Maria foundered.

tion of rigging led to different names: caravela latina if lateen-rigged for sailing closer to the wind, and caravela redonda if the fore and main masts were square-rigged for better all-round performance. The different names reflect the differing sailing characteristics and requirements of the two versions.

Caravels remained the Europeans' ship of choice for open ocean exploration and trade until the end of the sixteenth century. By this time, the little caravel was just too small for the more demanding needs of a changing world.

Continue reading here: Analysis Square Rigged Ship Motion

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Readers' Questions

What the meaning of carvel in european explorers?

Carvel was a type of sailing ship used by European explorers during the Age of Discovery. Carvel ships had a smooth hull construction in which planks were fitted edge to edge and fastened to a frame, allowing for a sleek and streamlined design. This type of construction made carvel ships faster and more maneuverable than earlier types of ships, such as clinker-built vessels. Carvel ships were favored by explorers like Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama for their ocean-crossing voyages due to their superior sailing qualities.

How were careened ships raised up right in 15th century?

Careening was a common practice in the 15th century for raising ships upright. Careening involved deliberately grounding a ship at high tide on a sloping beach or shore. The ship would then be tipped over on its side by either using ropes attached to anchors or by using simple mechanical devices such as pulleys and winches. The ship would be left in this position as the tide receded, allowing for the cleaning and maintenance of the ship's hull and bottom. Once the necessary work had been completed, the ship would be pulled upright again by using the same ropes, pulleys, and winches. This process required a considerable amount of manpower and coordination to ensure that the ship was raised safely and securely. Overall, careening was a labor-intensive but effective method for maintaining and repairing ships in the 15th century. It allowed for easy access to the bottom of the ship for cleaning and maintenance, and also provided an opportunity to repair any damage to the hull.

How large was the rudder of a carrack?

The rudder of a carrack, a large sailing ship used during the Age of Discovery, was typically quite large, measuring around 20 to 30 feet in length. The size of the rudder was necessary in order to provide the necessary steering control for such a large and heavily loaded ship.

How many miles an hour does a 15th century sailing ship travel?

On average, a 15th century sailing ship could travel at speeds of around 4 to 8 miles per hour, depending on the wind conditions and the type of ship.

What other challenges other than environmental ones did explorers face in overseas exploration?

Physical challenges: Explorers had to overcome various physical obstacles such as harsh climates, treacherous terrains, and difficult geographic features. For example, mountains, deserts, jungles, and icy wastelands posed significant challenges to explorers. Navigation: In the absence of advanced navigation tools like GPS, explorers had to rely on rudimentary maps, compasses, and the stars to navigate their way through uncharted territories. They faced the difficulty of accurately charting their course, avoiding dangerous reefs, and estimating distances. Disease and health risks: Explorers were often afflicted by unknown diseases in the lands they visited. Lack of immunity to local diseases could result in deadly epidemics, causing significant casualties among expedition members. Hostile encounters: Explorers frequently faced hostile encounters with indigenous populations. These encounters ranged from peaceful interactions to violent conflicts, making it challenging for explorers to establish friendly relations and navigate cultural differences. Provisions and supplies: Expeditions required substantial amounts of provisions, including food, water, and tools, to survive in the unknown territories. However, procuring and maintaining enough supplies for the duration of an expedition was a logistical challenge. Political and economic challenges: Overseas exploration was often driven by political and economic motivations. Explorers faced the challenge of obtaining necessary funding and sponsorship from powerful entities, such as monarchs or trading companies. They also had to navigate the complex webs of international politics and rivalries. Technology and equipment: Explorers in the past had limited access to advanced technologies and equipment. They had to rely on rudimentary tools and instruments to conduct their explorations, making their tasks more difficult and time-consuming. Mental and psychological challenges: Enduring long voyages in harsh conditions with cramped spaces and limited resources took a toll on the mental well-being of explorers. They had to cope with isolation, homesickness, and fear of the unknown. Language barriers: Explorers faced the challenge of communicating with indigenous populations who spoke different languages. The lack of a common language often hindered effective communication and trade. Logistics and transport: Organizing and coordinating logistics for overseas expeditions was a significant challenge. From obtaining suitable ships to transport explorers and their supplies, to managing long distances and establishing suitable base camps, each step required meticulous planning and execution.

Which development most aided explorers in their ability to sail the oceans to discover the new world?

The development that most aided explorers in their ability to sail the oceans and discover the New World was the invention and improvement of the maritime compass. The compass was a crucial navigational tool that allowed sailors to determine their direction accurately, even when there were no visible landmarks or in challenging weather conditions. This enabled explorers to chart and follow their desired course, increasing their confidence and ability to venture into uncharted waters. The compass greatly revolutionized navigation and played a significant role in facilitating the exploration of the New World and other distant lands.

What medieval explorers used carrack?

Medieval explorers such as Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama used carracks for their voyages of exploration.

What are the risks involved in embarking on an exploration voyage?

Embarking on an exploration voyage comes with a range of risks, including: Physical dangers: Explorers face various physical risks, such as extreme weather conditions, rough terrains, natural disasters, or encounters with dangerous wildlife. These risks can lead to injuries or even fatalities. Navigation challenges: Navigating unknown waters or terrains can be challenging, especially without accurate maps or navigational tools. Lack of knowledge about the area can expose explorers to the risk of getting lost or stranded. Limited resources: Explorers often have limited resources, including food, water, and medical supplies. Long-duration expeditions require careful planning and management of resources to avoid shortages and potential health hazards. Isolation and communication: Exploration voyages often involve traveling to remote areas with limited or no communication networks. This isolation can make it challenging to seek help in case of emergencies or communicate important information to the outside world. Health hazards: Exposing oneself to new environments and unknown pathogens can lead to various health risks. Explorers may encounter diseases, parasites, or poisonous flora and fauna, which can cause illness or even death. Equipment failure: Exploration voyages rely heavily on equipment and technology such as ships, vehicles, communication devices, or scientific instruments. Equipment failures can result in serious setbacks or put explorers' lives at risk. Conflict and political instability: Explorers may face unexpected geopolitical risks when exploring certain regions, especially areas with conflicts, political instability, or territorial disputes. The presence of hostile groups or encounters with pirates can endanger the safety of the expedition. Financial constraints: Exploration voyages often require significant funding and sponsorship. If funding falls through or is insufficient, it can lead to compromises in safety measures or the cancellation of the expedition altogether. Psychological impact: Isolation, extended periods away from loved ones, and the constant presence of danger can take a toll on explorers' mental well-being. The psychological challenges of an exploration journey should not be underestimated. Environmental impact: Exploration voyages can have adverse impacts on the environment, including habitat disturbances, pollution, or damaging delicate ecosystems. Ethical considerations and responsible practices should be prioritized to minimize these impacts.

When were caravels invented?

Caravels were invented during the late 15th century, sometime around the 1450s.

Who used the caravel and fluyt design?

The caravel design was primarily used by Portuguese explorers during the Age of Discovery. The most famous example is the caravel used by Christopher Columbus during his voyages to the Americas. The fluyt design, on the other hand, was widely used by Dutch merchants during the 17th century. It was a shallow-drafted, square-rigged ship that was optimized for cargo capacity rather than speed or maneuverability. The Dutch East India Company (VOC) extensively used fluyts for their spice trade voyages to the East Indies.

How gast did carracks travel?

Carracks were relatively slow-moving ships, with an average speed of about 3-4 knots (5-7 kilometers per hour). This meant that they could travel around 120-160 nautical miles (220-300 kilometers) per day, depending on the wind and weather conditions. However, it's important to note that these speeds could vary greatly depending on the circumstances.

How fluyt ships were steered?

Fluyt ships were steered using a variety of methods. The most common method was through the use of a tiller, which was a long wooden handle attached to the rudder. The tiller was usually located at the stern (rear) of the ship. The tiller was manipulated by the helmsman, who stood at the tiller and used his physical strength to turn the rudder. This controlled the direction of the ship's movement. The helmsman had to coordinate with the crew, as the fluyt ships were often large and required multiple people to maneuver. In addition to the tiller, fluyt ships also had a device called a whipstaff. The whipstaff was a vertical wooden pole that extended from the deck to the tiller. It allowed the helmsman to stand at a more comfortable position and use leverage to steer the ship. Overall, the steering of fluyt ships relied on manual effort and coordination between the helmsman and the crew. It required strength and skill to navigate the ship effectively, especially in challenging weather conditions.

How does a lateen sail work?

A lateen sail is a triangular-shaped sail that is commonly used on small boats and traditional sailing vessels in various parts of the world, including the Mediterranean and parts of the Indian Ocean. The lateen sail works by harnessing the wind's energy to propel the boat forward. It consists of a single piece of fabric, usually made of canvas or another sturdy material, attached to a long and diagonal yard, called a spar. The spar is secured at the top of a mast, which is often inclined forward. The sail's triangular shape allows it to catch the wind from different angles, making it highly versatile and efficient. When the wind blows against the sail, the force of the wind creates lift, similar to an airplane wing. This lift generates forward propulsion, allowing the boat to move through the water. The angle of the lateen sail can be adjusted by manipulating the position of the spar and the tension of the sail. By altering the angle, called the trim, sailors can optimize the sail's performance to take advantage of the wind's direction. This adjustability enables the lateen sail to work effectively in different wind conditions, whether sailing upwind (close-hauled) or downwind (running). The lateen sail's design also allows it to pivot easily, which is advantageous when tacking or changing the direction of the boat. As the boat changes its course relative to the wind, the sail can be swung from side to side, allowing the wind to continue providing propulsion in the new direction. Overall, the lateen sail is a versatile and efficient sail design, capable of sailing close to the wind and adapting to various wind directions. Its simplicity and effectiveness have made it a popular choice for centuries, particularly in areas with predominantly light or variable winds.

What were some of the dangers of ocean voyages during the age of exploration?

Navigation: The lack of precise navigational instruments such as accurate maps, compasses, and chronometers made it difficult for sailors to determine their position accurately. This led to the danger of ships getting lost at sea, colliding with rocks or reefs, and being unable to find their way back home. Storms: The age of exploration occurred during a time when weather forecasting was non-existent. Ships were at the mercy of violent storms and hurricanes that could capsize or severely damage their vessels. Many sailors lost their lives due to these unpredictable weather conditions. Disease: The cramped and unhygienic conditions on board ships made them breeding grounds for various diseases. Lack of proper sanitation, contaminated water, and close quarters facilitated the spread of diseases like scurvy, dysentery, typhus, and various infections. These illnesses could lead to the death of large numbers of sailors during long ocean voyages. Starvation and malnutrition: Since voyages often lasted for months or even years, sailors were at risk of running out of food and water. Poorly preserved food, limited supplies, and the inability to catch fresh food led to starvation and malnutrition among crew members, which further weakened their immunity and made them vulnerable to diseases. Pirate attacks: Pirates were an ever-present threat during the age of exploration. Ships transporting valuable cargos of treasures, spices, and precious metals were prime targets for pirate raids. Pirates would often board the ships, kill or capture the crew, and steal the cargo, leading to a significant danger for sailors. Mutinies: The harsh conditions, ill treatment by captains and officers, and frequent lack of pay often led to mutinies among sailors. When a mutiny occurred, crew members would take control of the ship, sometimes resorting to violence or even killing their superiors. This instability posed a considerable danger to the crew and the success of the voyage. Unfamiliar lands and cultures: Explorers faced the risks associated with encountering indigenous populations who were often hostile or wary of foreign ships. These encounters could lead to conflicts, misunderstandings, and even violent clashes, putting the lives of sailors at risk. Shipwrecks: The lack of accurate charts and the presence of dangerous shoals, reefs, and rocky coastlines often led to shipwrecks. Once a ship was wrecked, sailors faced the dangers of drowning, exposure to harsh elements, and the difficulty of finding help or rescue in remote and unfamiliar locations. Overall, the dangers of ocean voyages during the age of exploration were numerous and included navigation challenges, storms, diseases, lack of food and water, pirate attacks, mutinies, encounters with unfamiliar lands and cultures, and the risk of shipwrecks. These risks made exploration a perilous endeavor for sailors during this period.

Where and when did the carrack, caravel, and fluyt come from?

The carrack, caravel, and fluyt were all types of ships that originated in Europe during the Age of Exploration (15th to 17th centuries). The carrack, also known as a nau or nao, is believed to have originated in the Mediterranean region, specifically in Spain and Portugal, during the 14th century. It was a large, multi-decked vessel that was heavily armed and used for both trading and combat purposes. The carrack was the most advanced ship of its time, and it played a crucial role in Portuguese and Spanish explorations during the 15th and 16th centuries. The caravel, a smaller and more maneuverable ship, originated in Portugal during the 15th century. It was designed specifically for long-distance exploration and trade, featuring a combination of square and lateen sails that allowed it to sail efficiently against the wind. The caravel was widely used by Portuguese explorers like Henry the Navigator and Vasco da Gama, as well as other European seafarers during the Age of Exploration. The fluyt, also spelled as fluit or flute, emerged in the Netherlands during the 16th century. It was a relatively flat-bottomed ship that was designed for efficient cargo transport. The fluyt had a large cargo hold and was known for its economy of operation, making it highly sought after for trade ventures. It was widely used by the Dutch East India Company for its transoceanic trade routes, particularly in the Dutch Golden Age.

What made the compass an important tool for sailors during the age of discovery?

The compass was an important tool for sailors during the Age of Discovery for various reasons: Navigation: The compass allowed sailors to determine the direction in which they were traveling. Before its invention, sailors relied on landmarks, celestial navigation, and dead reckoning (estimating one's current position based on a previously known position) to navigate. The compass provided a more accurate way to maintain a consistent course, especially during long sea voyages. Exploration: The compass facilitated extensive exploration during the Age of Discovery. It enabled sailors to venture into unfamiliar and uncharted territories with much more confidence. With a compass, sailors could navigate accurately even when out of sight of land, thus expanding their exploration possibilities. Trade and Commerce: The compass played a crucial role in expanding trade and commerce during the Age of Discovery. With the help of the compass, sailors could navigate efficient routes for trade, ensuring that they could reach their destination reliably and safely. It facilitated the establishment of new sea trade routes, connecting different parts of the world and enabling the exchange of goods and ideas. Global Expansion: The compass, with its ability to provide accurate direction, allowed sailors to venture further from their home ports. It contributed significantly to the global expansion of European powers during the Age of Discovery. Explorers like Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan relied on the compass to navigate their way across oceans, leading to the discovery of new lands and the establishment of colonies. Improved Safety: The compass improved the safety of sea voyages during the Age of Discovery. It helped sailors avoid dangerous coastlines, reefs, and other hazards. By providing a reliable directional reference, it reduced the risk of ships running aground or getting lost at sea. In summary, the compass was a crucial tool for sailors during the Age of Discovery as it greatly enhanced navigation accuracy, facilitated exploration, promoted trade and commerce, enabled global expansion, and increased safety at sea.

How did the invention of the caravel make european expansion possible?

The invention of the caravel, a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship, played a significant role in enabling European expansion during the Age of Exploration. Here are a few ways in which it facilitated this expansion: Improved Navigational Capabilities: The caravel had a shallow draft, allowing it to navigate both coastal areas and shallow rivers, which was crucial for exploration and trade. It also had a triangular lateen sail and a rudder that enabled better control and maneuverability. These features made it easier to sail against the wind, navigate uncharted waters, and explore unknown territories. Increased Speed and Range: The caravel's combination of sails, coupled with its lightweight and streamlined design, helped it achieve faster speeds compared to larger ships. This speed allowed sailors to cover larger distances in shorter periods of time, significantly expanding the range of their explorations. The caravel also had storage space for extra provisions, making long voyages with larger crews feasible. Expanding Trade Routes: The caravel was instrumental in discovering new trade routes and establishing direct trade connections with distant civilizations. Its ability to venture into unknown waters facilitated European exploration of Africa, Asia, and the Americas, leading to the establishment of profitable trade networks and the creation of global empires. Improved Safety and Survivability: The caravel's design allowed it to be sturdier and more resistant to adverse weather conditions compared to earlier ships. It had a small keel and a reinforced hull, making it better equipped to withstand storms and rough seas. This enhanced the safety and survivability of long sea journeys, reducing the risks associated with exploring unknown territories. Enhanced Mapping and Cartography: The caravel's versatility in navigating both open seas and shallow waters facilitated more accurate mapping and cartography. European explorers, equipped with caravels, were able to produce detailed maps, charts, and nautical guides, improving geographical knowledge and aiding future expeditions. Overall, the invention of the caravel revolutionized European exploration and opening up new trade routes, leading to extensive overseas colonization, economic expansion, and the subsequent rise of European empires.

Which invention helped sailors in the 1400s to venture farther from home?

One of the inventions that aided sailors in the 1400s to venture farther from home was the astrolabe. The astrolabe was a navigational instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the angle between the horizon and a celestial body such as the sun or a star. This helped sailors to accurately navigate and explore new areas, as it allowed them to establish their position at sea. Additionally, advancements in shipbuilding and navigational techniques, such as the inclusion of a sternpost rudder and improvements in cartography, also aided sailors in expanding their horizons during this time period.

Why was the knarr important?

The knarr was an important type of ship in Viking age Scandinavia. Here are a few reasons why it was significant: Exploration and Trade: The knarr was designed for long-distance travel, allowing Vikings to undertake extensive exploration, trade, and raiding voyages. It had a larger cargo capacity than other Viking ships and could carry a significant amount of goods, including valuable commodities like furs, timber, and slaves. Expansion of Viking Influence: The knarr facilitated the expansion of Viking influence and colonization efforts. Vikings used these ships to explore and settle new lands, including places like Iceland, Greenland, and even North America (such as the Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows). Cultural Exchange: The knarr enabled cultural exchange between the Vikings and other societies they encountered during their voyages. Through trade interactions, the sharing of ideas, technologies, and cultural practices occurred, contributing to the development of Viking society as well as the influences they had on other regions. Military Capabilities: Although primarily used for trade and exploration, the knarr could also be adapted for warfare. Vikings used these ships for surprise attacks and raids, taking advantage of their speed and maneuverability. Overall, the knarr played a vital role in Viking society, facilitating their expansion, trade, exploration, and military endeavors during the Viking Age.

How many canons did the carrack jesus of lubeck have?

The Carrack Jesus of Lübeck, also known as the "Grosse Kraweel," had a total of 135 cannons.

What advantage does a triangular lateen sale have?

The triangular lateen sail has several advantages: Efficient use of wind: The triangular shape of the sail allows it to capture the wind at various angles. This sail design is particularly effective for sailing downwind or on a broad reach. The lateen sail can be adjusted to take advantage of the wind direction, providing efficient propulsion for the boat. Maneuverability: The lateen sail is highly maneuverable as it can be easily adjusted and trimmed to different angles. This flexibility allows sailors to tack (sail into the wind) effectively, changing the direction of the boat. Easy to handle: The lateen sail is relatively simple to handle, as it requires fewer ropes and rigging compared to other sail types. This makes it suitable for small boats or single-handed sailing. Suitable for light winds: The shape and design of the lateen sail make it well-suited for light winds. The sail area is large, enabling it to catch even the slightest breeze and provide propulsion to the boat. Stability: The lateen sail provides stability to the boat due to its position on a long yard, which helps balance the vessel and resist tipping. This stability is particularly advantageous for smaller boats, allowing them to handle rough or choppy waters more efficiently. Overall, the lateen sail offers excellent maneuverability, adaptability to various wind conditions, and stability, making it a popular choice for sailors in many regions around the world.

Why were medieval ships unsuited for longdistance voyages (5 points)?

Limited carrying capacity: Medieval ships were small in size and had limited space for cargo storage. This made it difficult to carry enough supplies, including food and freshwater, for a long-distance voyage. Inefficient sailing techniques: Medieval ships primarily relied on sails and oars for propulsion. However, their sails were not as advanced as modern ones, making them less efficient in capturing wind power for long-distance travel. The reliance on oars also limited their speed and overall endurance. Lack of navigational instruments: Medieval ships lacked advanced navigational instruments like a compass or accurate maps. This made it challenging for sailors to navigate accurately across long distances, increasing the risk of getting lost or running into hazards. Vulnerability to harsh weather conditions: Medieval ships were constructed with wood and lacked the strong hulls and watertight compartments found in modern ships. They were more susceptible to damage from storms, rough seas, or leaks, which made them unsuitable for enduring long-distance voyages in unpredictable weather conditions. Limited crew comfort and provisions: Medieval ships often had cramped and uncomfortable living conditions for the crew, lacking basic amenities like proper sleeping arrangements or sanitation facilities. Additionally, the limited supply capacity meant there was a higher risk of running out of food and water during long voyages, jeopardizing the crew's health and ability to continue the journey.

Who developed the caravel style of ship that is pictured?

The caravel style of ship was developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century. However, I apologize as I am an AI language model and cannot view or analyze pictures directly, so I cannot provide a specific answer about the pictured ship.

How did the carvel revoltionize sailing?

The Carvel revolutionized sailing by introducing a revolutionary new building technique in which hulls were created by assembling thin planking edge-on to a frame. This technique allowed sailors to create lighter, stronger and faster hulls compared to the traditional means of crafting them out of thick heavy planks. Additionally, the Carvel method enabled shipbuilders to construct with fewer curves and more straight lines, which made the ships more aerodynamic and more efficient in cutting through the water.

How can the caravel be improved to move faster and safer?

The caravel can be improved to move faster and safer by improving the design of the hull to increase maneuverability and reduce drag. Additionally, using modern techniques such as hydrofoil designs, computer-aided design, and advanced materials can reduce weight and improve performance. In addition to these, the use of modern engineered sails and rigging solutions can improve the speed and maneuverability of the caravel. Finally, the use of modern navigation and communications technologies can help ensure safe navigation and reduce the risk of collisions.

How large were 16th century carrack ships?

The size of 16th century carrack ships could vary, but typically they were about 250 to 600 tons, with an average length of around 120 feet and a beam of 30 feet.

How did the carrack ship sale?

help renaissance people The carrack ship sale helped Renaissance people by allowing them to travel the world more easily and expand their trade networks. The new ships had a deeper draft than the traditional galleys and could carry more cargo, enabling them to transport goods and people to far-off places. Additionally, the improved navigation and shipbuilding technology of the time allowed ships to travel more quickly and safely than before. This increased global trade helped spread wealth and new ideas, fueling the growth of the Renaissance and its bounty of cultural, scientific, and artistic achievements.

How did the a.e’s boat designs influence trade?

The A.E's boat designs revolutionized trade in the ancient world by allowing for faster, more efficient transportation of goods. These boats made it possible for merchants to transport larger and heavier loads, cover greater distances, and access a wider range of markets. This increased the profits of merchants, made goods more affordable for consumers, and increased the variety of goods available in any given market. The boat designs also enabled traders to explore overseas markets, opening up new trading opportunities while also facilitating the spread of goods, ideas, and cultures between regions.

How many knots per hour did a caravel sail?

The speed of a caravel typically ranged from 3 to 6 knots (3.5 to 6.9 mph) depending on prevailing winds and currents.

Why did carrack have forward raked masts?

Carracks had forward-raked masts because it enabled the ship to carry more sail while providing more stability in heavy seas. The forward rake of the masts allowed the ship to remain upright even under the weight of a large amount of sail.

How did carrack effect the innovation of european exploration?

The carrack was an important innovation in European exploration, allowing for the exploration of far-off lands. It improved the performance and capacity of ships, making them faster and more stable at sea for longer periods of time. This enabled longer voyages and more exploration of new lands. The carrack also allowed for more people to travel with the ship, which was important for exploration and settlement. The increased capacity and speed meant that new lands could be explored more quickly, providing more opportunities for trade, exploration, and settlement of new lands.

How did caravels compare to earlier ships that explorers relied upon?

Caravels were much smaller and faster than the earlier ships that explorers relied upon. These ships were able to traverse shallow waters and maintain a steady speed in the face of unfavorable winds. The caravel's lightness and agility made it an ideal choice for long voyages, as well as the ability to change course quickly. Its combination of speed, agility, and a shallow draft made it possible for explorers to visit far-off lands and explore new routes.

How carvel improved over time?

Carvel's success over the years can be attributed to its strong focus on customer satisfaction, product innovation and quality, marketing, and strategic partnerships. The brand has continually strived to offer customers the best ice cream experience possible, introducing unique flavors, ice cream products, and limited time offers that keep customers coming back for more. To keep up with changing consumer tastes, Carvel has also updated its product portfolio to include new, trendy treats. Additionally, the company has invested in marketing campaigns, promotional events, and strategic partnerships to make the Carvel brand more visible and bring new customers to the brand. Finally, Carvel has established a reputation for having dedicated customer service and a commitment to quality. All of these efforts have helped Carvel maintain its status as one of the premier ice cream brands in the United States.

Which advance in technology made it easier for explorers to sail through shallow water?

Advances in navigational and propulsion technology have made it easier for explorers to sail through shallow water. These advances include more accurate and reliable navigational systems such as GPS and chart plotting systems, as well as improved propulsion systems such as outboard motors and hydraulic jets. In addition, lightweight and durable composites have allowed vessels to navigate shallow waters with shallower drafts and lighter loads, allowing them to maneuver more easily in shallow areas.

Which of the following was not part of a caravel?

The Caravel did not include a drawbridge.

How did the caravel make europeans' voyages of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries possible?

? The caravel was the perfect ship for exploration and conquest during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It was small enough to navigate through uncharted waters, and its shallow draft allowed it to move up rivers. Its triangular sail and rudder could be controlled with minimal effort, making it highly maneuverable and easy to control while at sea. The caravel's versatility allowed it to sail in both the Atlantic and Mediterranean seas and its light design enabled it to travel faster and farther than other ships of the time. This made the caravel an indispensable tool for the European explorers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, allowing them to effectively explore and map uncharted lands, as well as colonize them.

Why was the caravel an important development in navigation?

The caravel was an important development in navigation as it was the first ship to sail against the wind and make long voyages across the oceans. It was small, fast, and highly maneuverable. It allowed for more efficient trading, exploration, and colonization, as it could sail much further than other ships of the time, allowing for the discovery of new lands and the spread of culture, goods, and ideas.

Why were medieval ships unsuited for longdistance voyages?

Medieval ships were typically large and bulky, making them slow and difficult to maneuver. They also lacked the navigational and safety equipment needed for long-distance voyages, as well as the sails needed to make use of ocean currents. Additionally, medieval ships were not equipped with the storage capacity necessary to store enough supplies and provisions for a long voyage.

What advantage does a triangular lateen sail have?

A triangular lateen sail has several advantages. It is easy to handle and can be adjusted quickly to different wind directions. Additionally, the narrow luff allows it to sail closer to the wind than a standard square sail, making it ideal for tacking into tight spaces or against the wind. It can also be quickly reefed to manage sail area in strong winds. Lastly, the lateen sail's shape makes it more aerodynamic, allowing it to reach higher average speeds.

How was the caravel better for explorations than earlier ships?

The caravel was better for exploration than earlier ships because it was smaller, faster, and more maneuverable. This allowed for a greater range of exploration and for ships to more easily navigate unfamiliar waters. Additionally, the caravel was more seaworthy than previous ships, making extended ocean voyages more possible. It was also able to sail against the wind more capably, which gave it an advantage in sailing into unknown territory.

Where were carracks made in history?

Carracks were primarily built in various Mediterranean countries, including Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, and England. The most famous centres of carrack construction in the Mediterranean were Venice and Genoa. In addition to the Mediterranean, carracks were also built in the Atlantic coastal regions of Portugal and Spain.

How did the lateen sail affect and facilitate trade?

The lateen sail was an early form of triangular sail that became popular in the Mediterranean and the Middle East in the 8th century. This type of sail was easy to maneuver, allowing for quick and nimble sailing, and also allowed ships to sail closer to the wind than traditional square sails. This allowed traders to travel farther, faster, and with more cargo. As a result, the lateen sail helped to facilitate the spread of goods and ideas throughout the region, and allowed traders to explore distant lands and engage in long-distance trade.

Why was the caravel such an important advancement for exploration?

The caravel was a major advancement for exploration because it was much faster and more maneuverable than other ships of its time. It was able to sail further and reach places that had previously been inaccessible. It was also much lighter than the other ships of its time, so it could navigate shallow waters and navigate more quickly than the others. Additionally, it used triangular sails, giving it the ability to sail against the wind, which made it much easier to explore undiscovered lands and explore unfamiliar waters.

What was the advantage of the caravel?

The caravel was a type of sailing ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was light, airy and highly maneuverable, making it one of the most advanced ships at the time. Its advantages included its small size, which made it easier to manoeuver and less expensive to build and maintain, and its impressive speed and capacity for long journeys. It was also capable of sailing against the wind, which was a significant advantage for the sailors of the time.

When was the caravel invented?

The caravel was invented in the 15th century, likely by the Portuguese.

What made the caravel a good ship for exploration?

The Caravel was a highly maneuverable and fast ship that was easy to sail and could sail into the wind. It had a draft of only 2.5 m (8 ft), making it ideal for navigating shallow waters and navigating around reefs and sandbars. The Caravel also had a large cargo area with a wide variety of goods, allowing explorers to bring back plentiful goods and supplies. Additionally, the Caravel was light and could be readily steered, allowing it to quickly turn and change direction. Finally, the Caravel was a flexible vessel, able to sail close-hauled, broad-reaching, or running with the wind, making it ideal for exploring unknown waters.

Where did the caravel originate?

The caravel was developed in Portugal during the 15th century. It was based on medieval fishing boats and merchant ships, and was used as an exploration vessel by the Portuguese.

Can a caravel sail a creek?

Yes, a caravel can sail a creek.

How did the change of the sail influence the motion of the vehicle question?

The change of the sail can greatly influence the motion of the vehicle as it directly affects the propulsion and direction of the vehicle. Propulsion: The sail acts as a surface to catch the wind, creating a force that propels the vehicle forward. A change in the size, shape, or angle of the sail can affect the amount of wind it catches, thereby altering the propulsion force. For example, increasing the size of the sail can capture more wind, resulting in greater propulsion and increased speed. Conversely, reducing the sail size decreases the wind force acting on it, reducing the forward motion. Direction: The orientation of the sail determines the direction of the wind force, and thus, the direction of the vehicle's motion. By adjusting the angle of the sail, the vehicle can be steered towards a desired direction. If the sail is perpendicular to the wind, the vehicle will move directly downwind. However, by adjusting the angle, the sail can generate a force that propels the vehicle at an angle to the wind, allowing for maneuverability and navigation. Therefore, any change in the sail, such as altering its size, shape, or angle, can significantly impact the propulsion and direction of the vehicle, influencing its overall motion.

What was the most effective ship of the age of exploration?

The most effective ship of the Age of Exploration was the caravel. It was a three-masted ship, with a shallow draught and wide beam, making it suitable for voyages of exploration and trading. It had a combination of speed, manoeuvrability, and stability, which made it the perfect ship to explore the New World.

What are the characteristics of the caravel that helped ocean sailing be possible?

The characteristics of the caravel that helped ocean sailing be possible include: a shallow draft allowing it to sail in shallow waters for exploration, a triangular lateen sail for increased speed and maneuverability, multiple masts for more sail power, and high maneuverability thanks to a combination of a raked bow and large rudder.

What improvement to the caravel made it easier to steer than the older galleon?

The caravel was outfitted with a lateen rig, a triangular sail that was much more maneuverable than the square-rigged sails used on the galleon. This allowed the caravel to be steered with more precision than the galleon, which relied on banks of oars to turn.

How did the carrack facilitate trade and travel?

The carrack was a sailing ship developed in the 15th century that revolutionized trade and travel due to its large size and carrying capacity. The carrack's design allowed ships to carry a larger cargo and to sail further distances, enabling them to carry goods from distant markets and travel to exotic locations. The carrack also facilitated trade by allowing merchants to transport goods to locations in shorter timeframes than before. Additionally, the carrack's design allowed them to carry more passengers, which facilitated travel to distant lands.

How did the carrack improve maritime travel and trade?

The carrack improved maritime travel and trade by allowing for larger cargo capacity, increased durability and seaworthiness, increased maneuverability, as well as improved navigational capabilities. With these improvements, goods and passengers could be transported more quickly, safely and efficiently over larger distances, enabling merchants to expand their trading networks and access new markets.

How did The caravel and other improved sailing technology help the world today?

The caravel and other improved sailing technology have helped the world today by enabling increased global trade, exploration, and assimilation. Improved sailing technology has allowed for the spread of technology, goods, and knowledge from one continent to another. Improved sailing technology has also enabled more efficient transportation of goods and people across oceans, allowing for the growth of the global economy and the sharing of cultural practices around the world.

How did the caravel change sailing?

The caravel changed sailing by allowing ships to sail downwind, and cross oceans with smaller crews due to its efficient design and use of lateen sails. Additionally, its shallow draft made it easier to navigate in shallow waters, and its maneuverable design enabled it to sail in winds from any direction. This made it more efficient for exploration and trade, allowing for ships to cover increased distances in a shorter period of time.

What is carvel from portcheagese explroes?

Carvel was a style of sailing ship used by the Portuguese explorers during the 16th century. It had a small hull and three or four masts with lateen sails. It was originally used for coastal trading and fishing, but was later adapted for longer voyages of exploration.

What was the name of the new, style of ship built by Europeans in the Age of Exploration.?

The caravel was the new style of ship built by Europeans in the Age of Exploration.

How did the carruck and the caravel help exploration?

The caravel and the carrack were two of the most advanced vessels of the Age of Exploration. The caravel was a swift, maneuverable, highly-seaworthy sailing vessel that was used for exploration, trade, and warfare. It was developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century and allowed for safe and quick sailing in both directions. The carrack was a larger and heavier three-masted vessel that was commonly used by the Spanish and Portuguese for long-distance voyages of exploration. The carrack was highly stable and could carry a large amount of cargo, making it an ideal choice for exploring unknown waters and transporting goods and supplies. With the use of these two vessels, European explorers were able to reach distant shores and explore far-off lands, leading to increased knowledge of the world and trade with foreign cultures.

Why did carracks replace caravals during this tim period?

During the time period mentioned, i.e., the Age of Discovery, caravels were replaced by carracks due to several key reasons: Increased cargo capacity: Carracks were larger and had more spacious hulls, allowing them to carry significantly more cargo than caravels. This was essential for long oceanic voyages as it enabled merchants and explorers to transport more goods, such as precious metals, spices, and other valuable commodities. Improved stability and seaworthiness: Carracks had a stronger and more stable design, making them better equipped to withstand the challenges of long-distance oceanic voyages. They had a high superstructure, multiple decks, and larger keels that provided stability even in rough seas. This enhanced stability was crucial for facilitating trade and exploration by reducing the risks associated with storms and heavy waves. Increased range and endurance: Carracks were capable of traveling longer distances without needing to restock supplies. Their larger size allowed for greater storage of provisions, including food, water, and other essentials, which enabled sailors to embark on extended voyages. This range and endurance were essential for exploration purposes, as well as for establishing profitable trade routes. Improved living conditions: Carracks had more spacious and comfortable living quarters for sailors. With multiple decks, separate cabins, and better ventilation, sailors could enjoy improved living conditions compared to the cramped and less hospitable interiors of caravels. This enhanced comfort not only improved morale but also provided better health conditions during long voyages. Military advantages: Carracks were armed with more cannons, providing better defense against potential threats such as pirates or rival nations. The increased firepower of carracks made them more suitable for protecting valuable cargos, ensuring safer journeys, and establishing dominance in overseas territories. These factors collectively contributed to the replacement of caravels with carracks during the Age of Discovery, as carracks offered merchants and explorers greater cargo capacity, improved stability, endurance, comfort, and military capabilities needed for successful long-distance voyages.

What made The Caravel ship diring The Age of exploration so successful?

The Caravel ship was so successful during the Age of Exploration because it was smaller, lighter, and faster than the ships previously used. It could travel further and faster, making it capable of longer voyages with more cargo. It was also strongly built, giving it the ability to navigate through rough seas and navigate through shallow waters. The lateen sails also provided flexibility, allowing the ship to change direction quickly in windy conditions.

How long would it take for a carrack to sail the atlantic?

A carrack is a large sailing vessel that was used during the 15th and 16th centuries. Depending on the size of the ship, its cargo, and the wind conditions, it could take anywhere from 14 days to 6 weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean.

What replaced the caravel sailing ship?

The ship that replaced the caravel sailing ship was the galleon.

Why wa the caravel a poupular choice by sailors in the age of exploration?

The caravel was a popular choice by sailors in the age of exploration because it was a fast and agile vessel capable of travelling great distances, making it ideal for long-distance exploration voyages. It was also easily steered and could move in shallow waters, allowing it to explore coastlines. Finally, the caravel was light and easy to build, making it easier to maintain and replace compared to larger ships.

Which ship didn't have a sterncastle, carrack or caravel?

The carrack was the ship that did not generally have a sterncastle. A caravel, on the other hand, typically had a sterncastle.

Which counties did the carrack and carrvel discover?

The carrack and caravel were used to explore and discover many parts of the world, including the Americas, Africa, and the Far East. Some of the countries discovered by these ships include Brazil, Barbados, Angola, Mozambique, India, and Malaysia.

What advantages did the caravel have over other ships at a time?

The caravel had several advantages over other ships at the time. It was smaller, faster, more maneuverable, and had a shallower draft, allowing it to navigate shallow waters. It also had a wide range of sails and rigging, allowing it to sail in heavy winds and maneuver more quickly than most other ships. Finally, its design enabled it to carry more cargo than larger ships, making it ideal for long-distance exploration and trading voyages.

What are the disadvantages of the carvel ship for sailing?

The Carvel ship is slower than other ships, requires more maintenance due to its timber construction, has lower carrying capacity and a shallower draft than other ships, and is more susceptible to seawater damage.

Which is better caravel or carrack?

It depends on what you are looking for. Caravels are smaller and lighter than carracks, making them faster, more maneuverable, and better suited for exploration. They also require fewer crew members, making them ideal for longer voyages. However, carracks are larger and more heavily armed, making them better suited for warfare or commercial trade.

How did the carrack ship influence trade?

The Carrack ship was a large three-masted vessel that revolutionized European trade, exploration and colonization during the 15th and 16th centuries. The Carrack allowed larger and safer voyages with its sturdy yet maneuverable design, its greater sailing speed, and its ability to carry a larger quantity and range of cargo. The Carrack’s success led to increased investment in ocean exploration and colonization and facilitated long-distance trade between Europe, Asia and the Americas.

What was a clinker built during age of exploration?

A clinker built boat is an ancient design of boat with an overlapping plank hull, popular during the Age of Exploration. The planks are fastened together with either wooden pegs or iron nails and are usually built of oak. Clinker built boats are still being made today.

How the inventions is and how it helped aid navigators in the age of exploration carrack.?

The invention of the carrack was a major development in navigation during the Age of Exploration. It allowed for greater speed and maneuverability, as well as greater capacity for carrying cargo, making it easier to transport large amounts of goods. It also allowed navigators to explore farther distances with greater relative safety. Additionally, the carrack was equipped with sophisticated navigation tools such as astrolabes and quadrants, which allowed navigators to chart their course more accurately. The carrack's advantages over traditional ships made it invaluable to explorers during the Age of Exploration.

How close to thr wind coul a carrack sail?

A carrack is a large, three or four-masted, square-rigged sailing vessel. It could typically sail very close to the wind, allowing it to make good progress even in light winds.

How was the caravel significant in the age of exploration?

The caravel was a Portuguese ship used during the age of exploration. It was a speedy and maneuverable vessel that allowed early explorers to explore the Atlantic Ocean and coastal areas successfully. These ships could sail against the wind, making them highly maneuverable and allowing them to explore vast areas quickly. They were also relatively small, with a shallow draft, meaning they could explore shallow coastal areas. The caravels' presence in the Age of Exploration had a significant impact on the history of exploration as they facilitated the Portuguese in exploring and colonizing many parts of the world.

How did carracks sail?

Carracks were large, three-masted sailing ships used primarily in the 15th and 16th centuries for ocean voyages. The carrack was a powerful and maneuverable sailing vessel that had a deep, hulled hull and three masts with a square-rigged sail plan. It was equipped with multiple decks and had the capability of carrying large crews and heavy cargoes. It was primarily used as a cargo ship and for trading, but was also used in naval warfare and exploration.

When were caravels replaced with carracks?

Caravels were gradually replaced by larger and sturdier carracks starting in the late 15th century.

What was the foremast on used for on caravel ships?

The foremast on a caravel ship was used to fly the sails, as well as other necessary flags or banners. It was also used as a lookout point for the captain and crew, and a place to hang any navigational equipment.

What were the top castles used for in a carrack?

The top castles on a carrack were used for fighting, defending the ship, and providing a vantage point for navigation and lookout duties. The main castles of a carrack housed the main gun ports, containing cannons and heavy guns for fighting other ships. The upper castle was reserved for the captain, providing him with a good view of the ship and sea. Additionally, the carrack had some open-air observation points on the sterncastle, which were used to look out for incoming ships or other dangers.

The Ages of Exploration

Age of discovery.

Quick Facts:

The Caravel was slightly smaller than the Carrack and was generally used for carrying cargo and fishing. They were faster than most vessels and therefore favored by pirates.

Date : 1400 CE - 1600 CE

The Nina, History of Hernando Cortez, 1855, From The Library at The Mariners’ Museum, F1230.C8.A1.

The Caravel was slightly smaller than the Carrack. It was generally used for carrying cargo and fishing. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal created the Caravel for long distance trade. It boasted two or three masts that had interchangeable sails. Square sails were used for open water while lateen sails were used for shoreline sailing. The also had a rounded bottom, making them faster than other vessels of their time. Subsequently, they were also favored by pirates. Columbus’ ships, the Nina and the Pinta, were both designed as Caravels.

• Original "EXPLORATION through the AGES" site
• The Mariners' Educational Programs

Before the introduction of the Caravel, most ships that navigated the seas were either the square-rigged barca or the larger Venetian Carracks. These older vessels were designed to sail primarily with the wind and were especially useful for transporting substantial cargo over long distances.

Recognizing the need for a more versatile exploration vessel, Portuguese ship designers sought inspiration from diverse sources. They combined features of the Arab Caravas, which were known for their sturdiness, with the agility of Portuguese river boats called Caravelas. The result was the Caravel.

The Caravel was a game-changer in maritime exploration. It was spacious enough to accommodate supplies for a crew of twenty and had a displacement of fifty tons. Measuring approximately seventy feet in length, its design was both robust and streamlined. However, the Caravel's most revolutionary feature was its sails. Unlike its predecessors, the Caravel could sail much closer to the wind, allowing it greater maneuverability and the ability to explore regions previously inaccessible to other ocean-going ships.

Notably, when Christopher Columbus embarked on his historic voyage to the New World, he commanded a fleet of Caravels: the Nina, the Pinta, and the flagship, the Santa Maria. These vessels, with their advanced design, played a crucial role in the age of exploration and the subsequent discovery of new lands.

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Upgrade Epheria Sailboat to Caravel or Improved

Last updated Nov 6, 2023 at 10:41AM | Published on Dec 15, 2019 | Black Desert Online , Life Skills , Sailing & Barter | 12

Epheria Caravel and Improved Epheria Sailboat were introduced in the The Great Expedition Update on 23 October 2019. Both ships are upgrades from Epheria Sailboat and require an Epheria Sailboat to craft.

Top Benefits of Upgrading Your Epheria Sailboat:

• Cannons are faster and “Captain” controlled (You control the cannon fire by RMB or LMB)
• 2 cannons on each side (2x cannons for increased damage)

“Captain” controlled cannons are a huge improvement over the “player” controlled cannons of lower tier ships, like Epheria Sailboat. Without captain controlled cannons, you have to stop your boat, release the wheel, and run to the cannon, hoping the sea monster gets within firing range. (Or have a friend on board firing the cannon, while you steer the ship.)

All the ships upgraded from Epheria Sailboat allow you to sail (move your ship) and shoot cannons at the same time.

Thanks info gan,, i always follow step by stpe

Great guide but the quantities for Plywood Hardener needs to be adjusted as there is no multi-proc. It’s 1 per and that’s it. (recent Alch change?) So it’d be

• 300 Reagent
• 900 Bloody Knots
• 900 Trace of the Earth (the worse part)
• 1200 Fir Sap

Yup! Basically makes improved harder than caravel for some reason, because BDO logic.

I did this fine with 200 reagent, 600 knots, 600 trace, and 800 sap. Got me to 298 plywood hardener.

I’m only pro 9 alch as well.

I am not getting any barters [ Island Tree Coated Plywood ] for [ Pirate Gold Coin ] they are all [ Cron Castle Gold Coins ]

Here is a Checklist for Galleass and Caravel Maybe Late also Caracke

U can Copy that for u stuff https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ycpVZWODBiCd21UiYILMTT6yZVC2i4Id8-LmlR9bA4o/edit?usp=sharing

The Permit of Epheria Caravel is 400,000,000, not 400,00,000

Hello! 🙂 Thanks for spotting that! Fixed.

Can I upgrade the Improved Sailboat to Caravel later? Cuz that amount of materials needed for the Caravel is too much to gather at once.

Hello 🙂 Yes, you can upgrade from Improved to Caravel later. The cost for Caravel doesn’t decrease, however, if you are upgrading to Caravel from Improved. So you’re actually paying more in the long run, but if you don’t have a friend with a ship to help you skip the Improved and upgrade directly to Caravel, then I recommend upgrading to Improved first. Step by step wins the stairs. Have fun! 🙂

Hello 🙂 I just tested this and Plywood Hardener does seem to have it’s own unique rate. Thanks for the heads up. I made a note of it in the guide, but didn’t change the numbers, as I’m not sure if that is working as intended or a temporary bug. Also, I’m not sure of the exact rate at this time. Seems to be 1.5%?

• arminsaysno
• Project Outline
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Explain how Europe benefited from cultural diffusion during the period c. A.D. 1000 - 1500.

The Caravel is the first and most famous ship of the European age of exploration. The caravel comes at the very beginning of the age of sail and of exploration, and is the direct forebear of most European sailing ships.

A caravel is a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by the Portuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean.

The caravel was developed in about 1450, based on existing fishing boats under the sponsorship of Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal and soon became the preferred vessel for Portuguese explorers.

The caravel gets its name from the shipbuilding term, carvel, which is a method of butting the planking on the hull so that the planks form a tight smooth surface.

Caravels were agile and easy to navigate, with a tonnage of 50 to 160 tons and 1 to 3 masts, with lateen triangular sails allowing tacking into the wind.

Being smaller and having a shallow keel, the caravel could sail upriver in shallow coastal waters. With the lateen sails attached, it was highly maneuverable and could sail much nearer the wind, while with the square Atlantic-type sails attached, it was very fast. Its economy, speed, agility, and power made it esteemed as the best sailing vessel of its time. The limited capacity for cargo and crew were their main drawbacks, but did not hinder its success.

The exploration done with caravels made possible the spice trade of the Portuguese and the Spanish. However, for the trade itself, the caravel was later replaced by the larger nau (carrack) which was more profitable for trading.

The caravel comes at the very beginning of the age of sail and of exploration, and is the direct forebear of most European sailing ships. Caravels discovered America and sailed as far around Africa as China. The Caravel was the transportation technology that enabled Columbus to cross the Atlantic westward to the Americas.

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• Sailboat Guide

Bristol 22 Caravel

Bristol 22 Caravel is a 22 ′ 0 ″ / 6.7 m monohull sailboat designed by Halsey Herreshoff and built by Sailstar Boat Co. and Bristol Yachts between 1968 and 1978.

Rig and Sails

Auxilary power, accomodations, calculations.

The theoretical maximum speed that a displacement hull can move efficiently through the water is determined by it's waterline length and displacement. It may be unable to reach this speed if the boat is underpowered or heavily loaded, though it may exceed this speed given enough power. Read more.

Classic hull speed formula:

Hull Speed = 1.34 x √LWL

Max Speed/Length ratio = 8.26 ÷ Displacement/Length ratio .311 Hull Speed = Max Speed/Length ratio x √LWL

Sail Area / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the power of the sails relative to the weight of the boat. The higher the number, the higher the performance, but the harder the boat will be to handle. This ratio is a "non-dimensional" value that facilitates comparisons between boats of different types and sizes. Read more.

SA/D = SA ÷ (D ÷ 64) 2/3

• SA : Sail area in square feet, derived by adding the mainsail area to 100% of the foretriangle area (the lateral area above the deck between the mast and the forestay).
• D : Displacement in pounds.

Ballast / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the stability of a boat's hull that suggests how well a monohull will stand up to its sails. The ballast displacement ratio indicates how much of the weight of a boat is placed for maximum stability against capsizing and is an indicator of stiffness and resistance to capsize.

Ballast / Displacement * 100

Displacement / Length Ratio

A measure of the weight of the boat relative to it's length at the waterline. The higher a boat’s D/L ratio, the more easily it will carry a load and the more comfortable its motion will be. The lower a boat's ratio is, the less power it takes to drive the boat to its nominal hull speed or beyond. Read more.

D/L = (D ÷ 2240) ÷ (0.01 x LWL)³

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds.
• LWL: Waterline length in feet

Comfort Ratio

This ratio assess how quickly and abruptly a boat’s hull reacts to waves in a significant seaway, these being the elements of a boat’s motion most likely to cause seasickness. Read more.

Comfort ratio = D ÷ (.65 x (.7 LWL + .3 LOA) x Beam 1.33 )

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds
• LOA: Length overall in feet
• Beam: Width of boat at the widest point in feet

Capsize Screening Formula

This formula attempts to indicate whether a given boat might be too wide and light to readily right itself after being overturned in extreme conditions. Read more.

CSV = Beam ÷ ³√(D / 64)

First introduced as the CARAVEL 22 from Sailstar Boats. aka SAILSTAR CARAVEL. Fin Keel or Keel/CB. Draft: CB Up: 2.5’ CB Down: 4.33’. Also available with a std. settee layout.

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• Epheria Sailboat and Caravel Guide

Introduction

The Epheria Sailboat is a ship that can be upgraded into the Improved Epheria Sailboat or the Epheria Caravel, and finally the Carrack Advance/Balance ship. These ships have high max weight limit and inventory slots, making them the recommended ships for the Bartering Lifeskill .

The Epheria Frigate, Improved Epheria Frigate, Epheria Galleass, and Carrack Valor/Volante ships are the other types of Epheria ships, and are more focused on Naval Combat, with more cannons, better reload speed, and slightly faster speed/accel/turn/brake.

This guide covers everything related to the Epheria Sailboat, Improved Sailboat, and Epheria Caravel ships.

Links to our other ship guides:

• Ship Basics
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• Sailing Lifeskill

Epheria Sailboat > Improved Epheria Sailboat > Epheria Caravel > Epheria Carrack

Although you can upgrade an Epheria Sailboat to an Improved Epheria Sailboat, it is not really really recommended because the upgrade is a lot of extra materials for just a cannon upgrade and the ability to use the ship cannons from the wheel. I would recommend skipping that upgrade and going straight from the Epheria Sailboat to the Caravel.

How to obtain the Epheria Sailboat

There are currently 4 different ways to obtain the Epheria Sailboat:

• Purchase the Epheria Sailboat from the Central Market (approx 500 million silver)
• Craft the ship yourself at the Port Epheria Shipyard
• Upgrade the Bartali Sailboat into an Epheria Sailboat
• Exchange [Event] Radiant Shakatu’s Seal x20 for an Epheria Sailboat

In most cases, it is recommended to just purchase the Sailboat from the Central Market if possible, since 500 million silver is easier and faster to obtain than the materials needed to craft the ship.

To craft the ship yourself, you will need the Port Epheria Level 3 Shipyard (2nd Floor, Epheria 3-5).

You will need a minimum of 13 CP for the Shipyard and a single worker.

However, it is worth noting that you can send multiple workers to build your Epheria Sailboat, cutting down on the time it takes to craft the ship. Use as many goblin workers as you can to process the materials as quickly as possible.

Epheria Sailboat Gear

The Bartali Sailboat, Epheria Sailboat, Epheria Frigate, Improved Epheria Sailboat, and Improved Epheria Frigate all use the green-grade Old Ship set.

Each of the pieces can be purchased from Philaberto Falasi in Port Epheria for 3 – 4 million silver each.

You need an enhanced +10 of each piece to upgrade your ship into the Epheria Caravel/Galleass

Enhancing this ship gear is easy, since it is 100% chance and requires a set amount of Black Stones.

Each time you enhance, the Max Durability will be decreased by 10. You can repair the max durability using a base version of the same equipment item.

To enhance a single item, you will need 55 Verdant Blackstones, and for the full set, that is 220 Verdant Blackstones.

Improved Epheria Sailboat

The Improved Epheria Sailboat is a stepping stone from the Epheria Sailboat to the Epheria Caravel.

To upgrade the Epheria Sailboat into an Epheria Caravel:

• Check the Epheria Sailboat into a wharf at the wharf manager
• Select the upgrade option from the menu

However, in most cases, it is not really recommended to upgrade to the Improved version since it only upgrades the cannons and reload speed, which is not needed for Bartering.

You also still need the same amount of materials to upgrade to the Epheria Caravel, so it is better to just skip the Improved Epheria Sailboat and upgrade straight to the Caravel.

Upgrading to the Epheria Caravel

To upgrade the Epheria Sailboat or Improved Epheria Sailboat into an Epheria Caravel:

• Check the Epheria Sailboat/Improved Epheria Sailboat into a wharf at the wharf manager.

You will need the materials below to upgrade the ship into an Epheria Caravel.

You can get a good amount of the materials simply by completing Ravina’s Ship Upgrade Log. More information about this can be found in our Bartering guide .

This should give you:

• Graphite Ingot for Upgrade x50
• Timber for Upgrade x50
• Adhesive for Upgrade x50

Other daily quests you must do for the Caravel upgrade can be found on Oquilla’s Eye:

• Obtained from Ravikel on the west dock of Oquilla’s Eye
• Barter 5 times
• Reward: Deep Sea Memory Filled Glue x8 (you will need 4 of these for the Caravel and more for the Carrack)
• Obtained from Curio the Otter Merchant on the south beach of Oquilla’s Eye ( location )
• Give coral pieces x10 (you can just buy these from the central market)
• Reward: Seaweed Stalk x4

Epheria Caravel Gear

There are 2 different equipment sets for the Epheria Caravel.

• The green set can be bought from Philaberto Falasi in Port Epheria for 7 – 9 million silver each,
• The blue set needs to be crafted at the level 4 Ship Part Workshop in Epheria (2nd Floor, 1-4, Epheria).

The green set enhanced to +10 is required to craft the blue caravel set, and then to upgrade to the Carrack ship, you will need the blue grade gear enhanced to +10 .

Enhancing Caravel Gear

For the Epheria Caravel/Galleass, you use special black stones to enhance the ship gear:

Enhancing the green gear is not difficult and doesn’t really require any failstacks or low failstacks, for the recommended failstacks to use when enhancing the blue gear, use our failstack recommendations .

Caravel Blue-grade Gear Crafting and Stats

Total crafting materials required for the full blue set can be found below:

• Tide-Dyed Standardized Timber Square x180
• Cox Pirates’ Artifact (Combat) x120
• Moon Scale Plywood x400
• Bright Reef Piece x180
• Pure Pearl Crystal x45
• Cox Pirates’ Artifact (Parley Beginner) x60
• Ruddy Manganese Nodule x90
• Enhanced Island Tree Coated Plywood x300
• Seaweed Stalk x205
• Great Ocean Dark Iron x150
• Cox Pirates’ Artifact (Parley Expert) x30
• Luminous Cobalt Ingot x30
• +10: Epheria Caravel: Brass Prow x1
• +10: Epheria Caravel: White Wind Sail x1
• +10: Epheria Caravel: Enhanced Plating x1
• +10: Epheria Caravel: Verisha Cannon x1

Epheria Caravel: Black Dragon Prow

 epheria caravel: upgraded plating,  epheria caravel: mayna cannon,  epheria caravel: stratus wind sail, check these out before you go.

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Moscow Boat Tour

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Description

See all the gems of historical and cultural center of the capital in short time and without traffic jams or tiresome walking.

Depending on the itinerary and duration of the Moscow River boat trip, the tour can be 3 or 5 hours.

Highlights of the tour

• St Basil’s Cathedral;
• Stalin skyscraper on Kotelnicheskaya (Tinkers) embankment;
• The Kremlin;
• “House on the Embankment” Stalin skyscraper;
• Monument to Peter I;
• The Central House of Artists;
• Christ the Savior Cathedral;
• Gorky Park;
• Moscow State University;
• Russian Academy of Sciences;
• Luzhniki stadium;
• Novodevichy Monastery;
• Kiev railway station;
• Europe Square;
• Moscow City Hall;
• Government House;
• Expocentre Exhibition Complex;
• and other famous sights.

You will learn about the different epochs of the city from the foundation in 1147 till Soviet times of 20 th  century.

Moscow River

Moskva river has the form of a snake and is the main waterway of Moscow, consisting of a cascade of reservoirs. Within the city, Moskva river is 80 km long, 120 m - 200 m wide and up to 14 m deep. The narrowest part of the river is the Kremlin area in the city center, and the most extensive is around the Luzhniki Stadium in the south. 

Bridges in Moscow

Undoubtedly, bridges and embankments are among the most scenic spots and main attractions of Moscow. Plus, they are so romantic.

• Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge –  Great Stone Bridge –  is the main bridge of Moscow . The first stone bridge was constructed here in the 17th century.
• Patriarshy Bridge  is one of the youngest pedestrian bridges, built in 2004. The bridge connects the iconic Christ the Saviour Cathedral with funky Bersenevskaya embankment, extremely popular place among locals for its trendy art galleries, cafes and panoramic views. Patriarshy Bridge used to be a shooting location for ex-Russian President Dmitry Medvedev's New Year speech to the nation.
• Borodinsky Bridge,  erected in honor of the 100th anniversary of the glorious victory in the Battle of Borodino (which every Russian kid knows about), a fierce legendary battle during the Russo-French war of 1812.
• Bagration Bridge  one of the  pedestrian bridges with most picturesque views of the Moskva River with its numerous upper-level observation platforms. The bridge was erected to celebrate the 850th anniversary of Moscow city in 1997.
• Krymsky Bridge  used to be in Top 5 Europe’s longest bridges some 100 years ago. The bridge got its name after the ancient Krymsky ford which Crimean Tartars used to invade Moscow in the 16 th  century.

Embankments of Moscow

Moscow river boats 37 embankments, the most popular being Kremlevskaya, Sofiyskaya, Pushkinskaya, Vorobyovskaya and Kolomenskaya.

You can get the most spectacular views of the Kremlin from  Kremlevskaya and Sofiyskaya embankments.

• Pushkinkaya embankment  is the most romantic in Moscow. It meanders along Gorky Park and Neskuchnyi garden and is rich for all kinds of entertainment as well as cozy nooks, including Olivkovy beach, the famous Zeleny theater as well as a pier for river cruisers.
• Vorobyevskaya embankment  is part of Sparrow Hills nature reserve. This place opens a beautiful panorama of the river and city from the observation deck and is considered to be the place for taking serious decisions in life.
• Embankment in Kolomenskoye  Museum-Reserve has a special charm due to its peculiar geographical relief. The boat trip around Kolomenskoye would be the most peaceful in your life.
• Taras Shevchenko embankment  is popular among photographers for its modern Moscow City skyscrapers. Highly recommended for your night boat trip.
• Embankments of Moscow are the pride of the capital. A distinctive feature of each of the promenades is its architecture and beautiful views. In addition, almost all the embankments of Moscow have a rich history and a lot of notable buildings.

Different epochs

Taking a walk along the Moskva River by boat, you will witness the architecture of Moscow from different eras and styles. Archaeological studies indicate that already in the XI century there stood a fortified settlement on Borovitsky hill, which is now called the Kremlin. Little fortress could not accommodate all the residents of the rapidly growing city, and the Grand Duke ordered the construction of a new Kremlin, larger than the former.

Boat trip around Kolomenskoe Park

Moscow river boat trip starts from the pier Klenovy (Maple) Boulevard and provides reat views of Nicholas Perervinsky monastery.

Nicholas Perervinsky monastery was founded at the time of the Battle of Kulikov (1380). The monastery, got its name from the surrounding area – “Pererva”, which can be translated like “tear off” and because of the location –  here it abruptly changed its course, turning to Kolomna, standing on the opposite bank.

Nowadays Kolomenskoye is State Art, Historical, Architectural and Natural Landscape Museum-Reserve, which doors are open to everyone who wants to get in touch with the ancient history of Russia.

Take a break from the big city hustle in the shady parks and gardens of the Kolomenskoe Museum-Reserve. Don’t miss a wonderful Church of the Ascension and Tsar Alexey’s Palace in Kolomenskoye!

Monasteries and temples

• Novospassky Monastery
• Founded in the 13th century on the site where now is located the Danilovsky monastery. After a few decades, in 1330, Ivan Kalita moved the monastery onto the Borovitskii hill of the Kremlin. However, in the 15th century, Spassky Monastery again moved, this time to a more spacious place on Krasnoholmskaya waterfront.
• Church of St. Nicholas in Zayaitskom
• Erected in the middle of the XVIII century in baroque style. The building survived after the 1812 fire, but the utensils were destoyed. Parishioners collected donations and restored the temple on their own. In Soviet times, it was closed and re-opened only in 1992.
• Cathedral of Christ the Savior
• The church was originally erected in honor of the victory over Napoleon and was being under construction for long 44 years. Notoriously demolished in 1937 to be a giant swimming pool under open sky. The current building was constructed in 1990s. It is the tallest and one of the largest Orthodox churches in the world.
• The temple was built in 1679-82, during the reign of Tsar Fedor Alekseevich, in late Muscovite Baroque style and can be characterized as bonfire temple. Each gable is a symbol of a heavenly fire.
• Novodevichy Convent
• The most famous concent and monastery in Moscow, presumably founded in 1524. Novodevichy’s status has always been high among other monasteries, it was in this monastery where the women of the royal blood, the wives of Tsars and local rulers of Moscow were kept in prison as nuns.
• St. Andrew’s church  (male acts as Compound Patriarch of Moscow)
• St. Andrew’s church stands right on the slopes of the Sparrow Hills, on the way down to the Moskva River, on the territory of the Nature Reserve “Sparrow Hills”. The monastery is small in size but is very cozy. It’s situated in a quiet courtyard surrounded by temples, fruit trees and flowers.

What you get:

• + A friend in Moscow.
• + Private & customized Moscow river cruise.
• + An exciting pastime, not just boring history lessons.
• + An authentic experience of local life.
• + Flexibility: changes can be made at any time to suit individual preferences.
• + Amazing deals for breakfast, lunch, and dinner in the very best cafes & restaurants. Discounts on weekdays (Mon-Fri).
• + A photo session amongst spectacular Moscow scenery that can be treasured for a lifetime.
• + Good value for souvenirs, taxis, and hotels.
• + Expert advice on what to do, where to go, and how to make the most of your time in Moscow.

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